Lectures on respiratory physiology Diffusion. Swim bladder of a fish.
Lectures on respiratory physiology Acid-Base Balance.
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Transcript of Lectures on respiratory physiology Acid-Base Balance.
Lectures on respiratory physiologyLectures on respiratory physiology
Acid-Base BalanceAcid-Base Balance
Some definitions
• An acid is a molecule that releases hydrogen ions in solution
• A base is a molecule that can accept a hydrogen ion
• A buffer is a substance that can reversibly bind hydrogen ions
CO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3-
[H2CO3][H+] x [HCO3
-]
AT EQUILIBRIUM,
K =
[H+] x [HCO3-]
SOLUBILITY x PCO2
=
H2CO3
CA
Law of Mass Action
0.03 x PCO2
[H+] x [HCO3-]K =
WHICH, AFTER TAKING LOGS, BECOMES:
pH = pK + Log( ) [HCO3-]
0.03 x PCO2
- THE HENDERSON - HASSELBALCH EQUATION
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
pH = 6.1 + Log( ) [HCO3
-]1.2
PCO2 = 40
7.40
24NORMAL
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50
PL
AS
MA
[H
CO
3- ],
meq
/l
pH
pH = pK + Log( ) [HCO3
-]0.03 x PCO2
4080
20
BUFFERLINE
N
ACID - BASE DISTURBANCES:
* RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
* RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
* METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
* METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS:
4080
20
BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS:
4080
20
BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS:
40
80
20
BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS:
4080
20
BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS:
4080
20
BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS:
4080
20
BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS:
4080
20
BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
4080
20
BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
4080
20
BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50P
LA
SM
A
[HC
O3- ]
, m
eq/l
pH
COMPENSATED RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
4080
20
BUFFERLINE
COMPENSATED METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
CAPILLARIES
CAPILLARIES
DIFFUSION
HEART ANDCIRCULATION
TISSUE
VENTILATION
THE OXYGEN TRANSPORT SYSTEM
LUNGS
PERFUSION
DIFFUSION