Lecture#2 hardware
description
Transcript of Lecture#2 hardware
Computer Basics
Sunday, October 31, 2010
Computer BasicsComputer Technology
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The History of the Computer
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The History of the Computer
Then
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The History of the Computer
Then &
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The History of the Computer
Then & Now
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Computer Evolution
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Computer Evolution
1642 Blaise Pascal – mechanical adding machine
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Computer Evolution
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Computer Evolution
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Computer Evolution Early 1800’s
Jacquard – uses punch cards to control the pattern of the weaving loom.
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Computer Evolution Early 1800’s
Jacquard – uses punch cards to control the pattern of the weaving loom.
1832 Charles Babbage - invents the Difference Engine
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Computer Evolution Early 1800’s
Jacquard – uses punch cards to control the pattern of the weaving loom.
1832 Charles Babbage - invents the Difference Engine
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The Punch Card
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The Punch Card 1890 Herman
Hollerith – invents a machine using punch card to tabulate info for the Census. He starts the company that would later be IBM.
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The Punch Card 1890 Herman
Hollerith – invents a machine using punch card to tabulate info for the Census. He starts the company that would later be IBM.
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Evolution (continued)
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Evolution (continued)1946 – Mauchly and Eckert created the
ENIAC computer, first electronic computer is unveiled at University of Pennsylvania (shown on next slide)
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ENIAC Computer
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ENIAC Computer Miles of wiring
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ENIAC Computer Miles of wiring 18,000 vacuum tubes
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ENIAC Computer Miles of wiring 18,000 vacuum tubes Thousands of resistors and switches
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ENIAC Computer Miles of wiring 18,000 vacuum tubes Thousands of resistors and switches No monitor
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ENIAC Computer Miles of wiring 18,000 vacuum tubes Thousands of resistors and switches No monitor 3,000 blinking lights
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ENIAC Computer Miles of wiring 18,000 vacuum tubes Thousands of resistors and switches No monitor 3,000 blinking lights Cost $486,000
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ENIAC Computer Miles of wiring 18,000 vacuum tubes Thousands of resistors and switches No monitor 3,000 blinking lights Cost $486,000 100,000 additions per second
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ENIAC Computer Miles of wiring 18,000 vacuum tubes Thousands of resistors and switches No monitor 3,000 blinking lights Cost $486,000 100,000 additions per second Weighed 30 tons
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1943
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1943 Base codes develop by Grace
Hopper while working on the Mark I programming project.
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1943 Base codes develop by Grace
Hopper while working on the Mark I programming project.
She invented the phrase “bug” – an error in a program that causes a program to malfunction.
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1950s
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1950s Vacuum Tubes were the components
for the electronic circuitry
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1950s Vacuum Tubes were the components
for the electronic circuitry Punch Cards main source of input
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1950s Vacuum Tubes were the components
for the electronic circuitry Punch Cards main source of input Speeds in milliseconds (thousands/
sec)
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1950s Vacuum Tubes were the components
for the electronic circuitry Punch Cards main source of input Speeds in milliseconds (thousands/
sec) 100,000 additions/sec.
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1950s Vacuum Tubes were the components
for the electronic circuitry Punch Cards main source of input Speeds in milliseconds (thousands/
sec) 100,000 additions/sec. Used for scientific calculations
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1950s Vacuum Tubes were the components
for the electronic circuitry Punch Cards main source of input Speeds in milliseconds (thousands/
sec) 100,000 additions/sec. Used for scientific calculations New computers were the rule, cost
effectiveness wasn’t’
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1960s
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Transistors were electronic circuitry (smaller, faster, more reliable than vacuum tubes)
1960s
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Transistors were electronic circuitry (smaller, faster, more reliable than vacuum tubes)
Speeds in microseconds (millionth/sec)
1960s
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Transistors were electronic circuitry (smaller, faster, more reliable than vacuum tubes)
Speeds in microseconds (millionth/sec) 200,000 additions/sec.
1960s
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Transistors were electronic circuitry (smaller, faster, more reliable than vacuum tubes)
Speeds in microseconds (millionth/sec) 200,000 additions/sec. Computers In Businesses: Emphasis on
marketing of computers to businesses
1960s
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Transistors were electronic circuitry (smaller, faster, more reliable than vacuum tubes)
Speeds in microseconds (millionth/sec) 200,000 additions/sec. Computers In Businesses: Emphasis on
marketing of computers to businesses Data files stored on magnetic tape
1960s
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Transistors were electronic circuitry (smaller, faster, more reliable than vacuum tubes)
Speeds in microseconds (millionth/sec) 200,000 additions/sec. Computers In Businesses: Emphasis on
marketing of computers to businesses Data files stored on magnetic tape Computer Scientists controlled
operations
1960s
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Transistors were electronic circuitry (smaller, faster, more reliable than vacuum tubes)
Speeds in microseconds (millionth/sec) 200,000 additions/sec. Computers In Businesses: Emphasis on
marketing of computers to businesses Data files stored on magnetic tape Computer Scientists controlled
operations
1960s
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Late 60’s Early 70’s
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Late 60’s Early 70’s Integrated circuit boards
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Late 60’s Early 70’s Integrated circuit boards New input methods such as plotters,
scanners
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Late 60’s Early 70’s Integrated circuit boards New input methods such as plotters,
scanners Software became more important
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Late 60’s Early 70’s Integrated circuit boards New input methods such as plotters,
scanners Software became more important Sophisticated operating systems
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Late 60’s Early 70’s Integrated circuit boards New input methods such as plotters,
scanners Software became more important Sophisticated operating systems Improved programming languages
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Late 60’s Early 70’s Integrated circuit boards New input methods such as plotters,
scanners Software became more important Sophisticated operating systems Improved programming languages Storage capabilities expanded (disks)
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1970’s Integrated circuits
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Late 80’s to Current
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Late 80’s to Current
Improved circuitry – several thousand transistors placed on a tiny silicon chip.
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Late 80’s to Current
Improved circuitry – several thousand transistors placed on a tiny silicon chip.
Pentium chip named by Intel
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Late 80’s to Current
Improved circuitry – several thousand transistors placed on a tiny silicon chip.
Pentium chip named by Intel Modems – communication along telephone
wires
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Late 80’s to Current
Improved circuitry – several thousand transistors placed on a tiny silicon chip.
Pentium chip named by Intel Modems – communication along telephone
wires Portable computers: laptops
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Late 80’s to Current
Improved circuitry – several thousand transistors placed on a tiny silicon chip.
Pentium chip named by Intel Modems – communication along telephone
wires Portable computers: laptops Increased storage capabilities: gigabytes
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Late 80’s to Current
Improved circuitry – several thousand transistors placed on a tiny silicon chip.
Pentium chip named by Intel Modems – communication along telephone
wires Portable computers: laptops Increased storage capabilities: gigabytes Emphasis on information needed by the
decision maker.
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The Information Processing Cycle
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The Information Processing Cycle
INPUT
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The Information Processing Cycle
INPUT PROCESSING
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The Information Processing Cycle
INPUT PROCESSING
MAIN MEMORY
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The Information Processing Cycle
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESSING
MAIN MEMORY
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The Information Processing Cycle
INPUT OUTPUT
AUXILIARYSTORAGE
PROCESSING
MAIN MEMORY
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse Joystick
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse Joystick Trackball
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse Joystick Trackball Light pen
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse Joystick Trackball Light pen Image
scanner
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse Joystick Trackball Light pen Image
scanner
Touch tone telephone
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse Joystick Trackball Light pen Image
scanner
Touch tone telephone Touch screens
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse Joystick Trackball Light pen Image
scanner
Touch tone telephone Touch screens Bar code scanner
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse Joystick Trackball Light pen Image
scanner
Touch tone telephone Touch screens Bar code scanner Digitizer
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse Joystick Trackball Light pen Image
scanner
Touch tone telephone Touch screens Bar code scanner Digitizer Voice recognition
INPUT
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INPUT DEVICES (Hardware)
Keyboard Mouse Joystick Trackball Light pen Image
scanner
Touch tone telephone Touch screens Bar code scanner Digitizer Voice recognition Auxiliary Storage
Device
INPUT
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PROCESSING HARDWARE
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PROCESSINGPROCESSING HARDWARE
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Central Processing Unit: CPU
PROCESSINGPROCESSING HARDWARE
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Central Processing Unit: CPU The Brains or Intelligence of the
computer. Controls input and output
PROCESSINGPROCESSING HARDWARE
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Central Processing Unit: CPU The Brains or Intelligence of the
computer. Controls input and output
The part of the computer that interprets and executes instructions. Silicon chip: integrated circuit
board Pentium: name give to a particular
chip
PROCESSINGPROCESSING HARDWARE
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Central Processing Unit: CPU The Brains or Intelligence of the
computer. Controls input and output
The part of the computer that interprets and executes instructions. Silicon chip: integrated circuit
board Pentium: name give to a particular
chip
PROCESSINGPROCESSING HARDWARE
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What two numbers are used in Binary Code?
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What two numbers are used in Binary Code?
0 and 1
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What two numbers are used in Binary Code?
0 and 1 They are each called a BIT
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What two numbers are used in Binary Code?
0 and 1 They are each called a BIT 8 BITS make a BYTE
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What two numbers are used in Binary Code?
0 and 1 They are each called a BIT 8 BITS make a BYTE 1 BYTE makes a letter or
number
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What two numbers are used in Binary Code?
0 and 1 They are each called a BIT 8 BITS make a BYTE 1 BYTE makes a letter or
number KILOBYTE = 1,024 bytes
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What two numbers are used in Binary Code?
0 and 1 They are each called a BIT 8 BITS make a BYTE 1 BYTE makes a letter or
number KILOBYTE = 1,024 bytes MEGABYTE = 1,048,576 bytes
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What two numbers are used in Binary Code?
0 and 1 They are each called a BIT 8 BITS make a BYTE 1 BYTE makes a letter or
number KILOBYTE = 1,024 bytes MEGABYTE = 1,048,576 bytes GIGABYTE = 1,024 megabytes
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What two numbers are used in Binary Code?
0 and 1 They are each called a BIT 8 BITS make a BYTE 1 BYTE makes a letter or
number KILOBYTE = 1,024 bytes MEGABYTE = 1,048,576 bytes GIGABYTE = 1,024 megabytes TERABYTE = 1,024 gigabytes
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROM
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY Small
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY Small Instructions are
installed permanently at the factory
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY Small Instructions are
installed permanently at the factory
Cannot be changed
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY Small Instructions are
installed permanently at the factory
Cannot be changed These instructions
check the computer’s resources and looks for Operating System
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY Small Instructions are
installed permanently at the factory
Cannot be changed These instructions
check the computer’s resources and looks for Operating System
RAM
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY Small Instructions are
installed permanently at the factory
Cannot be changed These instructions
check the computer’s resources and looks for Operating System
RAM
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY Small Instructions are
installed permanently at the factory
Cannot be changed These instructions
check the computer’s resources and looks for Operating System
RAM
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
Main Memory
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY Small Instructions are
installed permanently at the factory
Cannot be changed These instructions
check the computer’s resources and looks for Operating System
RAM
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
Main Memory Temporary—it is erased
when turned off.
MEMORY
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MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY Small Instructions are
installed permanently at the factory
Cannot be changed These instructions
check the computer’s resources and looks for Operating System
RAM
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
Main Memory Temporary—it is erased
when turned off. It is where programs and
data is stored while being processed
MEMORY
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OUTPUT DEVICES
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OUTPUT DEVICES
OUTPUTSunday, October 31, 2010
OUTPUT DEVICES Useful information that leaves the system
OUTPUTSunday, October 31, 2010
OUTPUT DEVICES Useful information that leaves the system Output Hardware includes:
OUTPUTSunday, October 31, 2010
OUTPUT DEVICES Useful information that leaves the system Output Hardware includes:
•Monitor: soft copy•Printers: hard copy•Flat Panel displays•Voice and music - speakers•Synthesizers•Plotters OUTPUT
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AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES
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AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES
AUXILIARYSTORAGE
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AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES
Network Drive (H: drive)AUXILIARYSTORAGE
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AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES
Network Drive (H: drive)
Hard Disk Drive (C:drive)AUXILIARYSTORAGE
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AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES
Network Drive (H: drive)
Hard Disk Drive (C:drive)
Floppy Disk Drive with 3 ½” Floppy Disk (A:drive)
AUXILIARYSTORAGE
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AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES
Network Drive (H: drive)
Hard Disk Drive (C:drive)
Floppy Disk Drive with 3 ½” Floppy Disk (A:drive)
Smart card
AUXILIARYSTORAGE
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AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES
Network Drive (H: drive)
Hard Disk Drive (C:drive)
Floppy Disk Drive with 3 ½” Floppy Disk (A:drive)
Smart card CD Read/Write Drive
AUXILIARYSTORAGE
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AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES
Network Drive (H: drive)
Hard Disk Drive (C:drive)
Floppy Disk Drive with 3 ½” Floppy Disk (A:drive)
Smart card CD Read/Write Drive Zip Drive
AUXILIARYSTORAGE
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AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES
Network Drive (H: drive)
Hard Disk Drive (C:drive)
Floppy Disk Drive with 3 ½” Floppy Disk (A:drive)
Smart card CD Read/Write Drive Zip Drive Digital Audio Tape
AUXILIARYSTORAGE
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Computer Hardware
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Hardware
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Hardware Includes the electronic and mechanical
devices that process the data; refers to the computer as well as peripheral devices
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System Unit
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System Unit Case that holds the power supply,
storage devices and the circuit boards (including the motherboard).
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CPU (Central Processing Unit)
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CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Where the processing in a computer takes place, often called the brain of the computer.
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CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Where the processing in a computer takes place, often called the brain of the computer.
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Circuits
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Circuits The path from one
component of a computer to another that data uses to travel.
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Circuits The path from one
component of a computer to another that data uses to travel.
Circuits run between RAM and the
microprocessor RAM and various
storage devices
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Circuits The path from one
component of a computer to another that data uses to travel.
Circuits run between RAM and the
microprocessor RAM and various
storage devices
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Circuits The path from one
component of a computer to another that data uses to travel.
Circuits run between RAM and the
microprocessor RAM and various
storage devices
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Silicon Chip
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Silicon Chip Silicon is melted
sand.
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Silicon Chip Silicon is melted
sand. What the circuits
are embedded into to keep them together.
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Silicon Chip Silicon is melted
sand. What the circuits
are embedded into to keep them together.
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Peripheral Devices
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Peripheral Devices Devices connected by cable to the
CPU.
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Peripheral Devices Devices connected by cable to the
CPU. Used to expand the computer’s input,
output and storage capabilities.
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Input Devices
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Input Devices Units that gather
information and transform that information into a series of electronic signals for the computer.
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Input Devices Units that gather
information and transform that information into a series of electronic signals for the computer.
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Keyboard
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Keyboard An arrangement of
letters, numbers, and special function keys that act as the primary input device to the computer.
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Keyboard An arrangement of
letters, numbers, and special function keys that act as the primary input device to the computer.
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Mouse
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Mouse An input device that
allows the user to manipulate objects on the screen by moving the mouse along the surface of the desk.
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Mouse An input device that
allows the user to manipulate objects on the screen by moving the mouse along the surface of the desk.
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Sound Card
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Sound Card A circuit board that
gives the computer the ability to accept audio input, play sound files, and produce audio output through speakers or headphones.
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Sound Card A circuit board that
gives the computer the ability to accept audio input, play sound files, and produce audio output through speakers or headphones.
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Modem
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Modem A device that sends
and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines.
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Modem A device that sends
and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines.
Means (Modulate – Demodulate).
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Modem A device that sends
and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines.
Means (Modulate – Demodulate).
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Modem A device that sends
and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines.
Means (Modulate – Demodulate).
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Output Devices
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Output Devices Devices that display,
print or transmit the results of processing from the computers memory.
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Output Devices Devices that display,
print or transmit the results of processing from the computers memory.
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Monitor
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Monitor Display device that forms an image by
converting electronic signals from the computer into points of colored light on the screen.
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Resolution
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Resolution The density of the grid used to display
or print text and graphics; the greater the horizontal and vertical density, the higher the resolution.
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Resolution The density of the grid used to display
or print text and graphics; the greater the horizontal and vertical density, the higher the resolution.
The amount of Pixels on the screen. The more pixels the better the resolution.
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Pixels
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Pixels
The smallest unit in a graphic image; computer display devices use a matrix of pixels to display text and graphics.
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Pixels
The smallest unit in a graphic image; computer display devices use a matrix of pixels to display text and graphics.
Basic unit of composition of an image on a TV screen, Computer monitor, or similar display
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Printer
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Printer Output device that
produces text or graphical images on paper.
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Printer Output device that
produces text or graphical images on paper.
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Speakers
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Speakers Output devices that receive signals
from the computer’s sound card to play music, narration, or sound effects.
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Speakers Output devices that receive signals
from the computer’s sound card to play music, narration, or sound effects.
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Storage Devices
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Storage Devices Used to keep data
when the power to the computer is turned off.
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Storage Devices Used to keep data
when the power to the computer is turned off.
Different forms Hard disk Floppy or zip disks CD-Writer
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Storage Devices Used to keep data
when the power to the computer is turned off.
Different forms Hard disk Floppy or zip disks CD-Writer
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Storage Devices Used to keep data
when the power to the computer is turned off.
Different forms Hard disk Floppy or zip disks CD-Writer
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Formatted
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Formatted Arrangement of data for storage or
display.
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Formatted Arrangement of data for storage or
display. All storage devices must be formatted.
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Hard Disk
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Hard Disk Rigid magnetic disk mounted for
permanent storage
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Floppy Disk
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Floppy Disk Small portable magnetic disk enclosed
in stiff envelope
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Compact Discs
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Compact Discs CD-ROM
Compact disk with read only memory
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Compact Discs CD-ROM
Compact disk with read only memory CD-R
Compact disk which you can write to only one time. It then becomes a read only disk.
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Compact Discs CD-ROM
Compact disk with read only memory CD-R
Compact disk which you can write to only one time. It then becomes a read only disk.
CD-RW Compact disk which you may rewrite to.
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DVD
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DVD DVD ROM
Digital Video Disk which is read only.
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DVD DVD ROM
Digital Video Disk which is read only. DVD-R
Digital Video Disk which can be written to one time. It then becomes read only.
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DVD DVD ROM
Digital Video Disk which is read only. DVD-R
Digital Video Disk which can be written to one time. It then becomes read only.
DVD-RW Digital Video Disk which can be rewritten
to.
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Flash or Jump Drives
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Flash or Jump Drives External storage devices that can be
used like a external hard drive.
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Flash or Jump Drives External storage devices that can be
used like a external hard drive. They have the capability to be saved
to, deleted from, and files can be renamed just like with a normal hard drive.
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