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Geographic

Information Systems

(GIS1402)

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Introduction to GIS

Text book: Chapter 1On-campus: Lecture 1

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What G'I'S' stands "orGEOGRAPHIC (G)

spatial (location-specific) in naturegeo-referenced

GEOGRAPHIC (G)spatial (location-specific) in naturegeo-referenced

SYSTE S (S)user!ard"aresoft"are

SYSTE S (S)user!ard"aresoft"are

I#$OR ATIO# (I)%easure%entsdata (spatial & non-spatial)

I#$OR ATIO# (I)%easure%entsdata (spatial & non-spatial)

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What G'I'S' stands "or

G eographic Information S ystems

earths featuresin real worldlocations

data and information the co mputertechnology &supportinfrastructure

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The GIS

Source: Delaney an d Van Niel (2008)

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The GIS

Data is o rganised as m ap layers Layers use common coordinates

Slope

Geology

Hydrography

Population Density

Soil TypeZoning

Roads

Land use

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The GIS

Everything issomewhere. - ERSIS

What does i t imply?

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What is GIS

( relati)el# ne% interdisciplinar# "ield:"rom&eo&raph#* computer science* mathematics andsocial + en)ironmental sciences'

( GIS ma# be de"ined as,a tool

an in"ormation s#stem

an approach to science

a multi-billion dollar industr#

and or a means o" raisin& public a%areness'

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What is GIS

Computer Science& InformationTechnology

Geography

and related elds(cartography, spatial s tatistics, etc.)

Application Area forestrymarketing

geology, etc.

Knowledge Base for GIS

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GIS .e"initions

GIS is a powerful set of tools forcollecting,storing, retrieving at will, transforming, and

displayingspatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes (Burrough, 19 !"

#n information systemdesigned to wor$ with datareferenced %y spatial or geographic coordinates(Star & 'stes, 199 "

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GIS de"initions

Chrisman 1//0 de"ined GIS as an or&anisedacti)it# b# %hich people:

measure &eo&raphic phenomena

represent them in a spatial-oriented database

process them to deri)e ne% in"ormationuse the ne% in"ormationin a real li"e situation

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GIS Components

H a r d w a r eard%are is the computer on %hich a GIS so"t%are runs

S o f t w a r eSo"t%are pro)ides the "unctions and tools needed "or GIS

D a t a 2a% material "or mappin& + anal#ses 3spatial + attribute4

P e o p l e5eople or user o" GIS %ho de)elop real %orld applications

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!unctional elements o" a GIS

GeographicInformation

System

Retrieval

Input/Capture

Management Manipulation/Conversion

Storage

Display Output

Analysis & modelling

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GIS !unctions

Data input 6 brin&in& 3capturin&4 data into GIS

Data storage 6 storin& data in di&ital "ormat Data management 6 use o" database structure

to track data + ensure data inte&rit# + securit#

Data retrieval 6 recallin& data at %ill in adesired "ormat

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GIS !unctions

Data manipulation 6 tool to con)ert 3edit* alter4 data

Data analysis & modelling 6 pro)ide ne% insi&ht intodata throu&h anal#sis + combinin& anal#ses results tomake "uture prediction throu&h modellin&

Data output 6 extract or export o" data else%here

Data display 6 produce onscreen + hardcop# displa#s

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Wh# use GIS

Geo&raphic data ha)espatial dimension' GIS process&eo&raphic 3spatial4 data'

GIS can de)elop* mana&e + anal#7e spatial datacon)enientl# + cost e""ecti)el#'

GIS allo%mana&ement + inte&rationo" spatial and non-spatial data to produce use"ul outcomes'

Computer is an essential tool in toda#8s %orkplace' Thecomputer empo%ers GIS'

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What $uestion a GIS can ans%er

Where is 9 3location4

What is there 3identi"ication4

What is the best route 3optimisation4 What exists %ithin 9 3proximit#4

What has chan&ed since9 3trend4

What relationship exists 3patterns4 What i" 9 3scenario model4

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What is makin& GIS &ro%

Decreasing cost o" hard%are* so"t%are 3some "ree4 +data'

Impro)ed user friendliness o" GIS So"t%are' 2ealisation o" thebenefits o" spatial data anal#ses'

2e$uirements to make site-specific decisions '

.e)elopment o" complementary technolo&ies 6 Internet+ Web* G5S* 2S + I5'

()ailabilit# o" GIStraining and courses'

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Wh# se a GIS

High quantity of output High quality of output Faster processing New analytical capabilities Reduced costs Increased productivity

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Businessman : Where is the best site tolocate a new shopping centre?

Environmentalist : Which part of the

Brisbane River is the most polluted? Town Planner : Where can we locate a

new golf course in Toowoomba? Insurance Company : Which part of

Ipswich is t he most prone to bush re?

Applications

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How can you apply a GIS?

rban Planning!"anagement &Policy

#oning! subdivisionplanning

$mergency response %rime analysis

a' assessment

$nvironmental Sciences "onitoring environmental

ris( "anagement of forests!

catc)ment! wetlands $nvironmental impact

assessment Ha*ardous or to'ic facility

siting Groundwater modeling and

contamination trac(ing

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%ivil $ngineering +ocating underground

facilities Designing alignment for

freeways! transit %oordination of

infrastructure maintenance

Business Demograp)ic analysis "ar(et s)are analysis Site selection

$ducation ,dministration $nrollment pro ections Sc)ool bus routing

.eal $state /eig)bor)ood land prices raffic impact analysis Determination of best use

Healt) %are $pidemiology /eeds analysis Service inventory

How can you apply a GIS?

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Land Use Mapping

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Soil Mapping

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Stream Buffering

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Topographic Analysis

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3-D Modelling & Visualisation

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;uestions "or #ou to consider

)hy are you studying GIS*

)hat do you e+pect to learn in this course*

)hich is more important for you*to learn to use GIS software,

to understand GIS concepts & principles , and orto learn to apply GIS to solve real life pro%lems,

all the a%ove-

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se"ul source o" in"ormation

What is GIS http: %%%'#outube'com %atch )75o1;0;

http: %%%'&is'com http: b&is'sanbi'or& GIS-primer pa&e?1@'htm http: &isloun&e'com %hat-is-&is http: %%%'mapcru7in'com %hat-is-&is'htm http: %%%'esri'com %hat-is-&is index'html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEaMzPo1Q7Qhttp://www.gis.com/http://bgis.sanbi.org/GIS-primer/page_10.htmhttp://gislounge.com/what-is-gis/http://www.mapcruzin.com/what-is-gis.htmhttp://www.esri.com/what-is-gis/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/what-is-gis/index.htmlhttp://www.mapcruzin.com/what-is-gis.htmhttp://www.mapcruzin.com/what-is-gis.htmhttp://gislounge.com/what-is-gis/http://bgis.sanbi.org/GIS-primer/page_10.htmhttp://www.gis.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEaMzPo1Q7Q

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(ckno%led&ement

>ost in"ormation used in this presentation isextracted "rom the Text book Chapter 1 6 The

Gist o" GIS 3pa&e 1-1A4

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Thank you!

The End