Lecture One An Introduction To Networking. Chapter One Objectives Examine the objectives of...
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Transcript of Lecture One An Introduction To Networking. Chapter One Objectives Examine the objectives of...
Lecture One
An Introduction
To Networking
Chapter One Objectives
Examine the objectives of networked computing relative to standalone computing
Identify the elements of a network Describe specific uses of a network Identify some of the certifications available
to networking professionals Identify the kinds of non-technical, or soft
skills to help in succeeding as a networking professional
Networks and Standalone Computers
Network– A group of computers and other devices connected
by some type of transmission media
– Networks enable users to share devices and data, collectively called a network’s resources
Standalone Computer– Uses programs and data only from its local
disks and is not connected to a network.
Sneakernet
Method of sharing data by copying it to a disk and carrying it from computer to computer
FIGURE 1-1 Data sharing before the advent of networks
Local and Remote Computers
Local Computer– Computer on which a user is working
Remote Computer– Computer which a user controls or works on
via a network connection
Local Area Network (LAN)
Network of computers and other devices confined to a relatively small space, e.g., campus of a university, a corporate site, or even one or a few rooms in a building.– Peer-to-Peer Communication– Server-Based Network
Peer-to-Peer Communication(for simple small networks with limited number of
computers)
Means of networking computers using a single cable
FIGURE 1-2 Simple peer-to-peer network
Server-Based Network(Coach House networks are server-based; in fact we have
several servers)
Network using special computers, known as file servers, to process data for and facilitate communication between other computers on the network– File Server
• Manages shared resources
– Client• Requests or services another computer on the
network
Server-Based Network
Workstation– Desktop computer, which may or may not be connected
to a network (most clients are workstation computers. Today, the line between workstations and a PCs has been blurred.)
Network Operating System (NOS)– Special system software designed to manage data and
other resources on a server for a number of clients– Coach House: servers run under Microsoft Window
NT and Sun Microsystems' Solaris NOS's.
Client/Server Architecture
Networking model in which clients use a central file server to share applications such as compilers, utility and other software.
FIGURE 1-3 LAN with a file server
Client/Server Architecture
FIGURE 1-4 An example of a complex network
Advantages of Server-Based over Peer-to-Peer Networks
User login accounts and passwords can be assigned in one place
Access to multiple shared resources can be centrally granted
Optimized to handle heavy processing loads and dedicated to handling requests from clients
Can connect more than a handful of computers
Wide Area Network (WAN)(Except T118, Coach House LANs have access to WAN/Internet)
Network connecting two or more geographically distinct LANs– The Internet is
an intricate and extensive WAN spanning the globe FIGURE 1-5 A simple WAN
Elements Common to AllServer-Based Networks
Client– Also refers to the human user of a client
workstation
Server Workstation
Elements Common to AllServer-Based Networks
Network Interface Card (NIC)– Device that
enables a workstation to connect to the network (usually pre-installed and comes as an integrated part of a PC or workstation.)
FIGURE 1-7 A network interface card (NIC)
Elements Common to AllServer-Based Networks
NOS (Network Operating System) Host (Server in server room; Coach House
has several servers)– Server that manages shared resources
Node– Any client, server, or other device on a network
identified by a unique identifying number
Elements Common to AllServer-Based Networks
Topology– Physical
layout of a computer network
FIGURE 1-7 Commonly used network topologies
Elements Common to AllServer-Based Networks
Protocol– Rules the network uses to transfer data; TCP/IP is the protocol for the
Internet. – Data Packets: a message or file is broken down into small segments
(known as packet); packets are transmitted and routed through the network individually in order to gain efficiency (higher utilization of the transmission media).
– The distinct units of data transmitted from one computer on a network to another
Addressing (will be discussed in more details in later chapters)– Scheme for assigning a unique identifying number to every workstation
or PC on a network– The number that uniquely identifies each workstation or device on a
network is its address.
Elements Common to AllServer-Based Networks
Transmission Media– Means through
which data is transmitted and received
– For LAN, twisted pair is the most common.
FIGURE 1-8 Examples of network transmission media
How Networks Are Used
Services– Features provided by a network
• File and Print Services
• Communications Services
• Mail Services
• Internet Services
• Management Services
Network Services
File Services– Allow users to share data files, applications,
and disk storage space Communications Services
– Allow remote users to connect to a network• Remote User
– Person working on a computer in a different geographical location from the LAN’s server
• Communications Server– Access Server
Network Services
Mail Services– Coordinate the storage and transfer of e-mail
between users on a network• Gateway
– Combination of software and hardware enabling two different kinds of networks to exchange data
Internet Services– Enable a network to communicate with the
Internet
Network Services
Management Services– Centrally administer and simplify complicated
management tasks on the network
– Numerous services fall under category of network management
– You as a network administrator will learn how to perform various administration tasks.
Important Management Services Traffic Monitoring and Control
– Traffic Data transmission and processing activity taking place on a computer network at any given time
– Segment• Part of a LAN separated from other parts of the LAN and that shares
Load Balancing– Distributing process activity evenly across a network so that
no single device is overwhelmed
These tasks are not a critical for our Coach House network; we have ample capacity to handle relatively light traffic.
Important Management Services Hardware Diagnosis and Failure Alert Asset Management
– Collecting and storing data on the number and types of software and hardware assets in an organization’s network
License Tracking– Determining how many copies of an application are
currently in use on a network
Coach House main Unix server hardware is covered by service contract. We do need to track the license and document the asset (equipment list distributed to all)
Important Management Services
Security Auditing– Evaluating security measures currently in place
on a network and notifying the network administrator if a security breach occurs
Software Distribution– Process of automatically transferring a data file
or program from the server to a client on the network
We have good track record!
Important Management Services Address Management (Managed by the
University; procedures on WPUNJ Web site)– Centrally administering a finite number of network
addresses for an entire LAN Backup and Restoration of Data
– Backing Up• Copying critical files to a secure storage area
– Restoring• Retrieving data if original files are lost
Very critical especially the system related files in the event the system crashes!
Becoming a Network Professional
Mastering the Technical Challenges Developing Your “Soft Skills” Pursuing Certification Finding a Job in Networking Joining Professional Associations
Mastering the Technical Challenges
Installing, configuring, and troubleshooting network file server software
Installing, configuring, and troubleshooting network file server hardware
Installing, configuring, and troubleshooting network client software
Installing, configuring, and troubleshooting network client hardware
Mastering the Technical Challenges
Understanding the characteristics of different transmission media
Understanding network design Understanding network protocols Understanding how users interact with the
network
Mastering the Technical Challenges
Specialty areas in high demand for networking professionals:– Network security– Internet and intranet design– Network management– Voice/data integration– Remote and mobile computing
Mastering the Technical Challenges
More specialty areas:– Data integrity and fault tolerance– In-depth knowledge of Microsoft networking
products– In-depth knowledge of NetWare networking
products– In-depth knowledge of router configuration and
management
Developing Your “Soft Skills”
Skills not easily measured but important to a networking career:– Customer Relations– Oral and Written Communications– Dependability!!!– Teamwork!!!– Leadership Abilities
Pursuing Certification
Certification– Process of mastering material pertaining to a
particular hardware system, operating system, programming language, or other program, then proving your mastery by passing a series of exams
Computer Technology Association (CompTIA)
Pursuing Certification
A+ Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer
(MCSE) Certified NetWare Engineer (CNE) Net+
Web Sites
TABLE 1-1
Web sites with job databases
Professional Association Sites
TABLE 1-2
Web sites of networking organizations
Chapter Summary
A Network is a group of computers or other devices connected by some type of transmission media
Networks may be small or large, connecting computers in one office or across the world
All networks offer advantages relative to the use of standalone computers
Chapter Summary
A LAN is a network of computers and other devices confined to a relatively small space
A WAN is a network connecting two or more geographically distinct LANs
All server-based networks share some common elements
The physical layout of a computer network is called a topology
Network protocols are the rules that the network uses to transfer data
Chapter Summary
File and print services provide the foundation for networking
Mail services allow networks users to exchange and store e-mail
Internet services enable organizations to connect to the Internet
Network management services centrally administer and simplify complicated management tasks on the network
Chapter Summary
Networking professionals are in demand Certification Hone your soft skills Numerous resources are available in
searching for networking positions Joining associations can benefit your
professional growth