Lecture Ch15
-
Upload
honya-elfayoumy -
Category
Documents
-
view
244 -
download
0
Transcript of Lecture Ch15
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
1/73
Review over Session 9
Challenges of a New
Age/Territorial Expansion of theUnited States
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
2/73
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
3/73
Immigration Concerns +rish' ,er!an' and Chinese i!!igrants flood
the United States in the !id-.00(s1 +rish were hated in the East
1 They #a!e as poor people fleeing the 2otato
3a!ine
The Chinese #a!e due to the ,old Rush
1 They were hated out west and treated terri4ly 4y
the whites 5any Nativists groups were for!ed to
#o!4at the i!!igrations
5any i!!igrants lived in terri4le #onditions
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
4/73
Age of Reform The A4olitionist !ove!ent grew larger
throughout the North
New Religions were 4orn
1 Sha6ers
1 5illerites
1 5or!ans
7orothea 7ix helped in 2rison Refor! and2sy#hiatri# Asylu! Refor!
8o!ens Rights !ove!ent
1Te!peran#e 5ove!ents' Sene#a 3alls Con*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
5/73
Territorial Expansion 3ur Trade' 5ountain 5en 4laed trails
west' .:0-.;0
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
6/73
Chapter 15The Coming Crisis
the 1850s
During the decade of the 1850s America moved closer to Civil
War due to sectional tensions in the North and South.
OUT OF MANYA HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN
PEOPLE
> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
7/73
2art :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
8/73
Chapter 3o#us @uestions
8hy did people in the North and the South tend
to see the issue of slavery so differently 8hy were the politi#ians of the .B0s una4le to
find a lasting politi#al #o!pro!ise on the issue of
slavery
8hat was the intent of the Co!pro!ise of .B0
8hat explains the end of the Se#ond A!eri#an
2arty Syste! and the rise of the Repu4li#an
2arty 8hy did the South se#ede following the
Repu4li#an 2arty vi#tory in the ele#tion of .0
> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
9/73
2art Two=
America in 1!"
9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
10/73
Expansion and ,rowth
5ap= U* S* 2opulation and Settle!ent'
.B0
A!eri#a had grown rapidly in the first half
of the nineteenth #entury*
The nation had experien#ed great growth
of wealth' industry' and ur4aniation*EDually i!portant' southern e#ono!i#
influen#e was waning*
.0> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
11/73
MA# 1!$1 U$%$ #opulation and %ettlement& 1!" &y .B0' the United States was a
#ontinental nation* +ts people' who! Tho!as %efferson had on#e thought would not rea#h
the 5ississippi River for forty generations' had not only passed the river' 4ut leapfrogged
to the 8est Coast* +n #o!parison to the A!eri#a of .00' the growth was astounding*..> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
12/73
2oliti#s' Culture' and National +dentity
2ride in de!o#ra#y was one unifying the!e in a
growing sense of national identity and new !iddle-#lass values' institutions' and #ulture that
supported it*
An A!eri#an Renaissan#e produ#ed writers who
fo#used on so#ial #riti#is!' in#luding=
1 8alt 8hit!an and E!ily 7i#6inson who experi!ented
with poeti# for!
1 Nathaniel awthorne and er!an 5elville who wrotea4out the dar6er side of hu!an nature
1 3rederi#6 7ouglass(s auto4iography and arriet
&ee#her Stowe(s Uncle Toms Cabin#onde!n slavery
.:> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
13/73
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
14/73
arriet &ee#her Stowe
So youre the little
woman that startedthis great war Abraham
Lincoln
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
15/73
Un#le To!(s Ca4in
A 4est selling 4oo6 in the North
&anned in the South
Story is 4ased on a Slave na!ed To!
1 +t depi#ts his life under three !asters
1 The third !aster' Si!on Hegree who is aNorthern transplant to the south' treatsTo! horri4ly and eventually has hi!
6illed1 To! is a Christ li6e figure' however the
ter! Un#le To! has ta6en on a different!eaning in present day
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
16/73
2art Three
Crac's in National Unit(
.> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
17/73
2oliti#al 2arties and Slavery
The national party syste! had for#ed8higs and 7e!o#rats to forge inter-
se#tional #oalitions*
&y .; se#tional interests were
eroding these #oalitions*
Se#tional divisions in religious andother organiations had 4egun to
divide the #ountry*
.?> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
18/73
Congressional 7e4ate
%ohn C* Calhoun had laid out the states(rights defense 4y #lai!ing that=1 the territories were the #o!!on property
of ea#h of the states
1 Congress #ould not dis#ri!inate againstslave owners*
Northerners grew in#reasingly #on#ernedover what they saw as a southern#onspira#y to #ontrol the govern!ent= theFslave power*G
.> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
19/73
+n .B0' the three !en who had long represented A!eri#a(s three !a"or regions
atte!pted to resolve the politi#al #risis 4rought on 4y the appli#ations of California for
statehood* enry Clay is spea6ingI %ohn C* Calhoun stands se#ond fro! rightI and
7aniel 8e4ster is seated at the left' with his head in his hand* &oth Clay and 8e4ster
were ill' and Calhoun died 4efore the Co!pro!ise of .B0 was arranged 4y a younger
group of politi#ians led 4y Stephen A* 7ouglas*.9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
20/73
.th2resident 5illiard 3ill!ore
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
21/73
Two Co!!unities' Two 2erspe#tives
&oth North and South=1 were #o!!itted to expansion' 4ut ea#h viewed
!anifest destiny in its own ter!sI and
1 shared a #o!!it!ent to 4asi# rights and li4erties 4utsaw the other as infringing on the!*
Two #o!!unities with two perspe#tives hade!erged*1 Northerners viewed their region as a dyna!i# so#iety
that offered opportunity to the #o!!on !an' in#ontrast to the stagnant slave owning aristo#ra#y of
the South*1 Southerners viewed their se#tion as pro!otingeDuality for whites 4y 6eeping 4la#6s in a perpetualstate of 4ondage*
The #han#es for national re#on#iliation were sli!*
:.> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
22/73
Co!pro!ises
5ap= The Co!pro!ise of .B0
The Co!pro!ise of .B0 was a#tually five separate4ills
1 California #a!e in as a free state*
1
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
23/73
:> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
24/73
The 3ugitive Slave A#t
The issue of runaway slaves further divided the
nation*
The 3ugitive Slave Haw of .B0 put the full for#e
of the federal govern!ent 4ehind slave #at#hers*
5o4s of northerners unsu##essfully tried to
prevent the law fro! 4eing #arried out*
&la#6 fugitives des#ri4ed their experien#es asslaves' helping to raise Northerners(
#ons#iousness*
:;> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
25/73
Es#aped slave Anthony &urns'
shown here surrounded 4y s#enes
of his #apture in .B;' was the
#ause of &oston(s greatest protest
against the 3ugitive Slave Haw*
The in"usti#e of his trial and
ship!ent 4a#6 to the South
#onverted !any &ostonians to the
antislavery #ause*
:B> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
26/73
This hand4ill warning free
Afri#an A!eri#ans of danger
#ir#ulated in &oston following
the first of the infa!ous
re#aptures under the
3ugitive Slave Haw' that of
Tho!as Si!s in .B.*
:> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
27/73
The Ele#tion of .B:
The growing polariation of opinion
strained the party syste!*
,eneral apathy #hara#teried theele#tion*
3ran6lin 2ier#e easily won' !ainly due to
strong i!!igrant vote*
:?> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
28/73
.;th2resident 3ran6lin 2ier#e
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
29/73
FJoung A!eri#aG= The 2oliti#s of
Expansion
&etween .;B and .;' the UnitedStates 4e#a!e a #ontinental nation*
A series of revolutions in Europereinfor#ed A!eri#ans( sense that theirideals of de!o#ra#y and !anifestdestiny were to 4e a#hieved*
The Co!pro!ise of .B0 showed thedangers of introdu#ing new territoriesduring the se#tional #risis*
:9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
30/73
The %apanese painting shows Co!!odore 5atthew 2erry landing in %apan in .B*The #o!!er#ial treaty 2erry signed with the %apanese govern!ent' whi#h opened a
for!erly #losed #ountry to A!eri#an trade' was viewed in the United States as
another fruit of !anifest destiny*
S :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
31/73
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
32/73
2art 3our=
T)e Crisis of t)e
National #art( %(stem
:> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
33/73
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
34/73
MA# 1!$+ T)e ,ansas-Ne.ras'a Act& 1!/ The Kansas-Ne4ras6a A#t' proposed 4y
Steven A* 7ouglas in .B;' opened the #entral and northern ,reat 2lains to settle!ent*
The a#t had two !a"or faults= it ro44ed +ndian peoples of half the territory guaranteed to
the! 4y treaty and' 4e#ause it repealed the 5issouri Co!pro!ise line' it opened up the
lands to warring proslavery and antislavery fa#tions*;> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
35/73
F&leeding KansasG
The territory 4e#a!e a 4attleground ofse#tional politi#s*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
36/73
2otawato!ie 5assa#re and the
Sa#6 of Hawren#e
%ohn &rown' an
extre!e a4olitionist'
6illed B proslavery
5issourians
Sa#6 of Hawren#e'
5issouri &order
Ruffians &urned theTown to the ground
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
37/73
> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* ?
This engraving shows
F&order RuffiansG fro!
5issouri lining up to
vote for slavery in the
Ki#6apoo' Kansas
Territory' ele#tion of
.BB* The widespread
pra#ti#e of illegal voting
and open violen#e
earned Kansas the
dreadful ni#6na!e of
F&leeding Kansas*G
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
38/73
The 2oliti#s of Nativis!
Con#urrent with se#tional pressures#a!e an out4urst of anti-i!!igrantfeeling* Refor!ers were appalled 4y theinflux of +rish into A!eri#an #ities*
3or!er 8higs for!ed the FKnow-NothingG or A!eri#an 2arty to preventwhat they saw as a ta6eover 4y the
i!!igrants* &ut the Know-Nothings su##u!4ed to
se#tional divisions*
> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
39/73
Anti-+!!igration
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
40/73
This nightti!e !eeting of supporters of the Know-Nothing 2arty in New Jor6 City
was dra!ati#ally spotlighted 4y a new devi#e 4orrowed fro! the theater' an
in#andes#ent #al#iu! light' popularly #alled a li!elight*;0> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
Th R 4li 2 t d th
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
41/73
The Repu4li#an 2arty and the
Ele#tion of .B
5ap=The Ele#tion of .B
The Repu4li#an 2arty lin6ed !any 3ree-Soil supporters and
for!er 8higs*
+n .B' 7e!o#rats no!inated %a!es &u#hanan as a
#o!pro!ise #andidate*
Southern Know-Nothings ran 5illard 3ill!ore*
Northern Repu4li#ans ran %ohn C* 3re!ont who defeated
&u#hanan in the North* &u#hanan #arried nearly the entireSouth and won*
The ele#tion signaled the rise of the Repu4li#an 2arty*
;.> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
MA# 1! / T) El i
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
42/73
MA# 1!$/ T)e Election
of 1!0 &e#ause three
parties #ontested the
.B ele#tion' 7e!o#rat
%a!es &u#hanan was a
!inority president*Although &u#hanan
alone had national
support' Repu4li#an
%ohn 3rL!ont won !ost
of the free states' and
5illard 3ill!ore of theA!eri#an 2arty gained
;0 per#ent of the vote in
!ost of the slave states*
;:> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
.Bth 2 id t % & h
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
43/73
.Bth2resident %a!es &u#hanan
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
44/73
> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* ;;
%eeing istor( 2roo's 2eats %umner o*er t)e
insult of 2roo's3 uncle$
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
45/73
2art 3ive=
T)e 4ifferences 4eepen
;B> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
46/73
The 7red S#ott 7e#ision
The Dred Scottde#ision worsened se#tional
divisions*
The Supre!e Court ruled that Congress #ould
not 4an slavery in the territories and that 4la#6
people did not have the right to 4ring suits
4efore federal #ourt 4e#ause they were not
#itiens* 8hile Southerners applauded the de#ision'
Northerners denoun#ed it*
;> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
47/73
These sy!patheti# portraits of
arriet and 7red S#ott and their
daughters in .B? helped to shape
the northern rea#tion to the
Supre!e Court(s de#ision that
denied the S#otts( #lai! to
freedo!* The infa!ous Dred Scott
de#ision was intended to resolve
the issue of slavery expansion 4ut
instead heightened angry feelings
in 4oth North and South*
;?> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
48/73
T)e 5ecompton Constitution
Confli#t #ontinued in Kansas as free-soilers=
1 organied their own territorial govern!ent1 4oy#otted the proslavery govern!ent(s
ele#tions for a #onstitutional #onvention
The proslavery FHe#o!pton #onstitutionG wassu4!itted to Congress*
Stephen 7ouglas fought against it' alienatinghis southern supporters*
Kansas re"e#ted the #onstitution and #a!einto the Union as a free state*
The defeat of He#o!pton #a!e as Congress
#ontinued to divide along se#tional lines* ;> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
49/73
The 2ani# of .B?
Adding to the #onfli#t was a finan#ial
pani# and sharp depression in .B? and
.B* The 2ani# affe#ted northern !ore than
southern exports*
Southerners 4elieved the 2ani# showedthe superiority of their syste!*
;9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
50/73
+lli i C iti 7 4 t Sl
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
51/73
+llinois Co!!unities 7e4ate Slavery
+llinois voters gathered in .B to hear Stephen A* 7ouglas
and A4raha! Hin#oln de4ate slavery and the future of theUnion*
1 7ouglas a##used Hin#oln of favoring so#ial eDuality ofwhites and 4la#6s*
1 Hin#oln denied this and a##used 7ouglas of supportingthe spread of slavery*
Although 7ouglas won the senatorial ele#tion' the de4atesesta4lished 4oth Hin#oln and the Repu4li#an 2arty as#ontenders for national power*
The de4ates de!onstrated that the slavery Duestion haddivided A!eri#an #o!!unities' 4ut that A!eri#ans stronglyvalued their de!o#rati# institutions*
B.> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
52/73
Hin#oln-7ouglas 7e4ates
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
53/73
%ohn &rown(s Raid
Se#tional tensions intensified when %ohn&rown raided the federal arsenal at
arper(s 3erry in an unsu##essful effortto instigate a slave revolt*
&rown was hanged 4ut southern opinionwas sho#6ed 4y northerner(s atte!pts to
!a6e &rown a !artyr and northernsupport for slave revolts*
B> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
F
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
54/73
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
55/73
> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* BB
+n a #onte!porary
engraving' %ohn &rown
and his followers are
shown trapped inside
the ar!ory at arpers3erry in
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
56/73
> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* B
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
57/73
2art Six=
T)e %out) %ecedes
B?> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
Th El ti f .0
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
58/73
The Ele#tion of .0
+n the ele#tion of .0' four #andidates ran for president*
1 The 7e!o#rats split over a proposed slave #ode for theterritories*
Stephen 7ouglas won the no!ination 4utSoutherners no!inated %ohn C* &re#6inridge*
1 Southern and 4order state 8higs #reated theConstitutional Union 2arty and no!inated %ohn &ell*
1 Repu4li#ans no!inated A4raha! Hin#oln' a !oderate*
&re#6inridge and Hin#oln represented the extre!epositions on slavery in the territories*
7ouglas and &ell tried to find a !iddle ground*
Hin#oln won the ele#tion with .0 ele#toral votes 4yvirtually sweeping the North*
B> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
MA# 1! ! T)e Election of
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
59/73
MA# 1!$! T)e Election of
10" The ele#tion of .0
was a se#tional ele#tion*
Hin#oln won no votes in the
South' &re#6inridge none in
the North* The #ontest in theNorth was 4etween Hin#oln
and 7ouglas' and although
Hin#oln swept the ele#toral
vote' 7ouglas(s popular vote
was un#o!forta4ly #lose*
The large nu!4er ofnorthern 7e!o#rati# voters
opposed to Hin#oln was a
sour#e of politi#al trou4le for
hi! during the Civil 8ar*
B9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
60/73
> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* 0
.th 2 id t A4 h Hi l
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
61/73
.th2resident A4raha! Hin#oln
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
62/73
The South Heaves the Union
5ap= The South Se#edes
Southerners responded to the ele#tion
of .0 4y initiating se#ession!ove!ents*
The Hower South se#eded' eight slavestates did not a#t*
:> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
63/73
MA# 1!$0 T)e %out) %ecedes The southern states that would #onstitute the Confedera#yse#eded in two stages* The states of the Hower South se#eded 4efore Hin#oln too6 offi#e*
Ar6ansas and three states of the Upper SouthMirginia' North Carolina' and TennesseeM
waited until after the South fired on 3ort Su!ter* And four 4order slave statesM7elaware'
5aryland' Kentu#6y and 5issouriM#hose not to se#ede* Every Southern state $ex#ept South
Carolina) was divided on the issue of se#ession' generally along up-#ountry1low-#ountry lines*
+n irginia' this division was so extre!e that 8est irginia split off to 4e#o!e a separate
nonslave state and was ad!itted to the Union in .*> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
S th C li S d
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
64/73
South Carolina Se#edes
Th 3i t C f d t 3l
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
65/73
The 3irst Confederate 3lag
%ecession
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
66/73
%ecession
6In t)e formation of t)e 7o*ernment of our fat)ers&
t)e Constitution of 188& t)e institution of domesticsla*er( is expressl( guaranteed$ T)e #eople of aportion of t)e %tates 9)o 9ere parties to t)e7o*ernment 9ere earl( opposed to t)e institution$T)e feeling of opposition to it )as .een c)eris)ed&
and fostered& and inflamed until it )as ta'enpossession of t)e pu.lic mind at t)e Nort) to suc)an extent t)at it o*er9)elms e*er( ot)er influence$ It)as sei:ed t)e political po9er and no9 t)reatensanni)ilation to sla*er( t)roug)out t)e Union$ At t)e
%out)& and 9it) our #eople of course& sla*er( is t)eelement of all *alue& and a destruction of t)atdestro(s all t)at is propert($;
-3ro! the 3lorida Se#ession Convention
This spe#ial edition of the Charleston
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
67/73
> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* ?
This spe#ial edition of the Charleston
Mercury was issued on 7e#e!4er :0'
.0' the day South Carolina voted to
se#ede fro! the Union*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
68/73
The North(s 2oliti#al :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
Esta4lish!ent of the
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
69/73
Esta4lish!ent of the
Confedera#y
Southerners esta4lished the Confederate
States of A!eri#a*
%efferson 7avis' a !oderate' was #hosenas its president*
7avis tried to portray se#ession as a
legal' pea#eful step*
9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
% ff 7 i
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
70/73
%efferson 7avis AlexanderStephens
Hin#oln(s +nauguration
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/Alexander-Stephens-CSVP.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/Alexander-Stephens-CSVP.jpg -
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
71/73
Hin#oln s +nauguration
I am loath to close. We are not enemies,but friends. We must not be enemies.Though assion may ha!e strained, itmust not brea" our bonds of affection.The mystic chords of memory, stretching
from e!ery battlefield, and atriot gra!e, toe!ery li!ing heart and hearthstone, allo!er this broad land, #ill yet s#ell thechorus of the Union, #hen again touched,
as surely they #ill be, by the better angelsof our nature. - A4raha! Hin#oln
+naugural Address'
5ar#h ;'..
?.> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
72/73
2art Seven=
Conclusion
?:> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*
-
7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15
73/73