PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE AND YOUNG ADULTHOOD

LSN 1303: HEALTH AND WELLNESS

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Development of the personality, including acquisition of social attitudes and skills from infancy to maturity

Personality: enduring personal characteristics of individual

Psycho-social Development

Erik Erikson German-born, American developmental psychologist

Identified eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood.

Erikson’s Psychosocial Development theory

Erikson’s Psychosocial Development theory

Erikson’s theory in Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1c1y-mm_io

Stage 1. Trust vs. Mistrust. Baby up to 1.5 years

Baby (infant) basic needs are met by parents.

If baby gets attention and love then he/she will trust the world.

If baby is neglected and mistreated a sense of mistrust will result.

Mistrust leads to frustration, suspicion, withdrawal, and lack of confidence

.

Stage 2. Autonomy vs. Shame. Toddler. 1.5 – 3 years

. The child (toddler ) learns about the world around.

Parents’ patience and encouragement helps foster autonomy in the child.

Toddler’s learns basic skills – to eat, to dress, to maintain personal hygiene

Develops sense of autonomy – can do things by himself.

If not encouraged or shamed or not allowed to do things may develop lack of self-confidence

Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt. Pres-school: 3 - 5 years.

• The child develops more skills, but not all goes to plan…

• The child wants to begin and complete his own actions for a purpose.

• Guilt is a confusing new emotion.

Stage 4. Industry vs. Inferiority. Primary School. 5 – 12 years

Children become more aware of themselves

Work hard at school to do things right.

Stage critical for development of self-confidence

Parents and teachers must provide positive reinforcement.

Stage 5. Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion. Teenagers: 15 – 18 years.

Transition into adulthood. Finding who you are.

Fitting in with peers.

Experimentation can lead to role confusion.

Stage 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation.Young adulthood: 18 - 40 years

Forming intimate relationships with others, building family, having children of one’s own.

Reciprocal relationships

Commitment, responsibility

Stage 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation: 40 – 65 years

Seeks to contribute to the development of the future generations◦ As a parent and grandparent◦ As a member of the society

Selfish, self-centered people are unable to contribute and may find themselves lost and depressed.

Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair: 65 – 100 plus…

Stage of contemplation.

Looking back into the past.

Living a meaningful life

Existential Question in Adolescence

Who am I and what can I be?

Adolescence: 13- 18 years

Marks the transition from childhood to adulthood.

Bridge between childhood and adulthood.

Changes in Adolescence: becoming an adult

Biological◦ Changes in body shape, appearance, and function: hormones

kick in... Psychological

◦ Changes in the way of thinking about oneself and the ability to think about the world.

Social◦ How one relates to families, other young people and the

outside world.

Central concern during adolescence

Search for Identity.

Identity Crisis: desire to fit in with peers; denial of traditional values, search for purpose in life…

Most important psychological and psychosocial changes

Emergence of abstract thinking The growing ability of absorbing the perspectives or viewpoints of others

An increased ability of introspection The development of personal and sexual identity The establishment of system of values Increasing autonomy from family and more personal independence

Greater importance of peer relationships Emergence of skills and coping strategies to overcome problems and crises.

Primary Social Tasks Adolescents must Accomplish

To standout: to develop an identity and pursue autonomy

To fit in: to find comfortable affiliations and gain acceptance from peers.

To measure up: to develop competence and find ways to achieve.

To take hold: to make commitments to particular goals, activities, and beliefs.

Psychosocial Development in Young adults

Interests broaden into community and world affairs.   Chooses, prepares for and practices a career.  Becomes independent of parents.   Adjusts to marriage or other intimate love relationship.  Childbearing and child rearing are major concerns of those who have children.  

Is continually adjusting to stress and satisfaction of work, spouse, parents, and children.  

Establishes a personal set of values and formulates a meaningful philosophy of life. 

 Need for ability to cope with change.   Period of reaching psychosocial maturity.

Group Activity http://padlet.com/rcdumale/wellness1