Subjunctive Moodindicative moodimperative moodsubjunctive mood

Two forms of subjunctive mood

BE-subjunctiveWERE-subjunctive

Two forms of subjunctive mood

BE-subjunctive: realized by the base form of a verb

WERE-subjunctive: realized by the verb “were”(past tense form)

Uses of SubjunctivePresent:1. If I were tired, I would have a rest.Past:1. If he had set out earlier, he would have caught the early bus.Future:1. If I should have time tomorrow, I would go to the library.

2. If he were to come here this evening, we would invite him to attend the party.

3. If it rained this afternoon, the football match would be postponed until next Saturday.

Uses of Subjunctive

The subjunctive is used in English to express a command, desire, hypothesis, purpose, doubt, or supposition.

Content clauses expressing commands, requests, or suggestions commonly use the present subjunctive.

Uses of Subjunctive

such a clause may be introduced by a verb like propose, suggest, recommend, move (in the parliamentary sense), demand, or mandate, by an adjective like imperative, important, adamant, or necessary, or by a noun like insistence or proposal

Uses of Subjunctive

To express a wish The past subjunctive is used after the verb

to wish: I wish he were here or I wished he were there. This use of the subjunctive is sometimes known as the "volitional" subjunctive.

Uses of Subjunctive

To express a hypothesis The past subjunctive is used after the

conjunction if in a contrary-to-fact protasis. For example:

If I were a millionaire, I would buy a sports car.

If he had a car with him, he could drive us there.

Uses of Subjunctive

By far the most common use of the subjunctive is the use of the subjunctive after "if" clauses that state or describe a hypothetical situation.

If I were a butterfly, I would have wings.

BE-subjunctive

1. Decide,decree, suggest, move2. advisable, appropriate, essential,

imperative3. decision, decree, instruction, requirement

BE-subjunctive

It is imperative that the new law be implemented.

If the rumor be true, everything is possible.

If the rumor were true, everything would be possible.

If the rumor should be true, everything is possible

Were-subjunctive

If I were in school again, I would wok harder.

Were I in school again, I would work harder.

If I were rich, I would build up a large house for poor people.

Were-subjunctive

simple past if …should if …were to

Inverted conditional clause

Were…

Were you in my position, you would do the same.

Had…

Had I time, I would come. Should…

Subjunctive in set phrases

It is (high, about) time (that)…I would rather / sooner (that)…If only……as if / as though…I wish (that)…

Exercises He left orders that nothing ____ touched until the

police arrived here. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be

2. I was to have made a speech if ____. A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away

Exercises

3. If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you ____ able to write letters in English.

A. should be B. were C. must be D. are4. Much as ____, I couldn't lend him the money

because I simply didn't have that much spare cash.

A. I would have liked to B. I would like to haveC. I should have to like D. I should have liked to

Exercises

5. If your car ____ any attention during the first 12 month, take it to an authorised dealer.

shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need 6. ____ enough time and money, the researcher

would have been able to discover more in this field.

A. Giving B. To give C. Given D. Being given

Exercises

7. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.

A. weren't B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn't be 8. ____ for the fact that she broke her leg,

she might have passed the exam. A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not