Lecture 6 - Complex systems - Iowa State University 6 - complex sy… · complex biological...
Transcript of Lecture 6 - Complex systems - Iowa State University 6 - complex sy… · complex biological...
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COMPLEX SYSTEMS
TSC 220WEEK 4/ LECTURE 6
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a complex system is ...
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... a set of interconnected parts
making an integrated whole ...
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... that exhibits behavior not obvious from the
properties of the parts
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complex or not?
can we predict the behavior?
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complex or not?
can we predict the behavior?
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some characteristics of complex systems ...
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boundaries may be indeterminant
usually are open
may have memory
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generally are dynamic
relationships are nonlinear
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Complex systems often show ...
... self-organization and emergent behavior
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self-organization is ...
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... the spontaneous formation of structures in
systems composed of few or many components.
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emergence is ...
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... the arising of novel and coherent structures,
patterns and properties during the process of self-
organization in complex systems
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why and how?
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cellular automata
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Emergent behavior: THE GAME OF LIFE
create a square lattice of sites:
each site can be occupied (“alive”) or empty (“dead”)
create rules for creation and destruction of “lifeforms”
at each step, apply rules and advance system
look for emergent behaviorJOHN CONWAY
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if exactly three neighbors:dead ⇒ alive (”birth”)
if 2 or 3 neighbors: stay alive(”survival”)
if too many or too few neighbors:alive ⇒ dead (overcrowding or
loneliness)
t t+Δt
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THIS IS A “GLIDER”
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The game of life shows organized behavior that “mimics” complex biological systems.
the organized behavior emerges from the interaction of “parts” by specific, very simple rules
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Wolves and Moose
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Back to the history lesson
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agent based modeling
multi agent systems
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see MAS_Anasazi.pdf on WebCT
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complexity in society
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complex adaptive systems
complex systems that have the capacity to evolve and
adapt
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is society a complex adaptve system?
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of course
society can change and adapt to new circumstances
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some attributes of the societal system that we might want ...
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Resilience
– the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance, undergo
change and still retain essentially the same
function, structure, identity, and feedbacks
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Adaptability
– the capacity of actors in a system to manage resilience, either by moving the system
toward or away from a threshold that would
fundamentally alter the properties of the system
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Adaption
– the process by which an organism becomes better
suited to its habitat
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a fundamental property of a system is that optimization of a system
≠ optimization of the individual parts
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how do we optimize a system?
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complex system optimization
an ongoing area of research
generally done with a simulation of a model
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problem: we have an incomplete description of the
system
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a local approach:
optimize a technology by including the effects of
everything else as a constraint
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appropriate technology
technology that is appropriate to the social, economic, and
environmental state of a given situation
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appropriate technology
not just for the developing world, though it is most often
discussed in that context
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Summary
• Societies are complex adaptive systems (a metaphor)
• A complex system is a set of interconnected parts making an integrated whole whose behavior cannot be predicted
• A complex adaptive system is a complex system that evolves with time
• Optimizing a technology within the context of society requires consideration of social, economic, and environmental constraints
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Thought for the day:
from the BBC:“Engineering Earth is ‘Feasible’”
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8231387.stm
Given what we discussed today, what is your reaction to this idea?
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Questions ???