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Lecture 5C 9 Oct. 2015 Lipids III

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GLA (EVENING PRIMROSE, BORAGE, BLACKCURRANT, AND FUNGAL OILS)

DGLA MAKES PG 1 AND LT 3 -VASODILATORY-STRAW TO FIRE HOSE (DROPS BLOOD PRESSURE) -ANTI PLATELET AGGREGATORY -ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

-DGLA DECREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS -DECREASED PG 2 AND LT 4 -DECREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY -DECREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW (DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)

-DECREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY -DECREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY

AA -AA INCREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS

-INCREASED PG 2 AND LT 4 -INCREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY- - INCREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW (INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)

-INCREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY -INCREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY GLA- GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID (18:3 n-6) OR (18:3 6) DGLA- DIHOMOGAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID (20:3 n-6) OR (20:3 6) AA- ARACHIDONIC ACID (20:4 n-6) OR (20:4 6)

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ALA (ALA IS FOUND IN FLAXSEED, CANOLA, BLACKCURRANT SEED, SOME FUNGI AND THEIR SEED OILS)

EPA MAKES PG 3 AND LT 5 -VASODILATORY-STRAW TO FIRE HOSE (DROPS BLOOD PRESSURE) -ANTI PLATELET AGGREGATORY -ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

-EPA DECREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS -DECREASED PG 2 AND LT 4 -DECREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY -DECREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW - (DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)

-DECREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY -DECREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY

DHA -DHA DECREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS -DECREASED PG 2 AND LT 4 -DECREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY -DECREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW -(DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)

-DECREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY -DECREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY ALA- ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID (18:3 n-3) OR (18:3 3) EPA- EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (20:5 n-3) OR (20:5 3) DHA- DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (22:6 n-3) OR (22:6 3) EPA AND DHA ARE FOUND IN FISH, FISH OILS, AND MARINE MAMMALS AND THEIR OILS

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A)rheumatoid arthritispathology

diet

ELIMINATION THERAPY 

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Rheumatoid arthritis continued

Elimination diet

dong diet-simple foods (seafood, veggies, and rice while eliminating additives, preservatives, red meat, herbs, dairy products, spices, carbonated drinks and ethanol) 

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Arthritis and diet continued

Elimination therapy

no difference between dong and placebo dietsfor RA patients-other dietary elimination studies

have come up with the same thing

role of diet in RA is controversial because existing studies do not give clear cut result

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ARTHRITIS CONTINUED

Functional foods

fish-doesn’t work

-no other proven examples of functional foods

 

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Arthritis continued

Nutraceuticals

evening primrose oil borage oil black currant oil fish oil

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b) Eczema Pathology

food allergy or RA associated diet

solution-remove food allergen from diet

for RA associated diet - no proven

dietary approach known

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Eczema continued

functional foodsfish-a problemno other proven functional food

 nutraceuticals

evening primrose oil borage oil black currant oil fish oil

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Cancer pathology

diet

saturated fat does not cause cancer but promotes once it gets started- not conclusive but reduce saturated fat

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Cancer continued

Functional foods flax-lignans-SDG-

secoisolariciresinol diglycoside

 Nutraceuticals phytosterols

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Obesity

Pathology

Diet-reduce total fat intake

  Functional foods

Nutraceuticals

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Dietary fat recommendations- p 154

• increased oleic acid intake and low in saturated and trans fats, and cholesterol

• total fat-20-35 % of total energy intake-only above 30 % of total calories if consume increased amounts of oleic acid and with low saturated and trans fat intake(CFG)

• saturated fat-10 % of total energy intake maximum• linoleic acid- 5-10 % of total energy intake-essential

fatty acid • alpha-linolenic acid- 0.6-1.2 % of daily calories- ALA

is an essential fatty acid

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Dietary fat recommendations

cholesterol-300 mg /day max in persons not at risk of clinically significant atherosclerosis

eat plenty of vegetables, fruit and grains

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What is new in lipid research?

Tilakavati Karupaiah and Kalyana Sundram

Modulation of human postprandial lipemia by changing ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated (P/S) fatty acid content of blended dietary fats: a cross-over design with repeated measures

Nutrition Journal 2013, 12:122 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-122

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What is new in lipid research?Nutrition Journal 2013, 12:122 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-122

Prolonged post-prandial lipemia (elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations) poses significant risks for heart attack in terms of elevated plasma concentrations of chylomicron triglycerides and lowered HDL-c.

Compared to higher polyunsaturated:saturated (P:S) fatty acid diets, a low P:S diet gave the best increase in post-prandial HDL-c levels but low dietary P:S ratios caused an upward trend (non-significant) in post-prandial total plasma triglyceride levels. So caution regarding P:S ratios until there are more definitive results!!