X-ray spectroscopy of bright Seyfert 2s: The importance of the 10-100 keV spectrum
Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100...
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Transcript of Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100...
![Page 1: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 5:Gamma-Ray Bursts
Light extinction:
![Page 2: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation (100 keV), discovered in the 1970’s, the origin of which was not known
until 1997
CGRO-BATSE
![Page 3: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CGRO spectrum of a GRB
![Page 4: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Light curves of GRBs
Fluence ~
if cosmological
relativistic conditions are implied:Lorentz factor
CGRO-BATSE (Fishman & Meegan 1995)
€
10−7 ÷10−4 erg /cm2
€
tvar ≈10ms
€
τ >>1,
![Page 5: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The GRB distribution is isotropic
![Page 6: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bimodal distribution of GRBdurations
short
long
Different progenitors: SNevs binary NS mergers
Kulkarni 2000Duration (s)
![Page 7: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Precisionedi BATSE
1 grado
![Page 8: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1996-2002:The BeppoSAXrevolution
Wide Field Cameras
![Page 9: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Precisionedi BATSE
1 grado
Precisione delleWFC di BSAX
![Page 10: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
8 hours 3 daysGRB970228: first detection of X-ray and optical afterglow
6 monthslater
Costa et al. 1997
Van Paradijs et al. 1997
€
t−1.3
![Page 11: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
“Firecone” model: relativistic shocks in a jet
~ 100 ~ 10
![Page 12: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Early Multiwavelength Counterparts
(z = 0.937)
Bloom et al. 2008
(z = 6.29)
(z = 1.6)
![Page 13: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Redshift Measurement
Djorgovski et al. 1999
![Page 14: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bloom et al. 1998,1999
Host galaxies exhibit emission lines of starformation: [O II], [O III], Balmer and Paschen series
![Page 15: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Isotropic irradiated gamma–ray energy vs redshift
Long GRB
Short GRB
![Page 16: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
GRB980425Supernova 1998bw (Type Ic)
z = 0.0085
![Page 17: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Example of Supernova underlying GRB optical afterglow (z = 0.695)
Galama et al. 1999
![Page 18: Lecture 5: Gamma-Ray Bursts Light extinction:. GRBs are brief flashes of soft -ray radiation ( 100 keV), discovered in the 1970s, the origin of which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/55143cb6550346414e8b473a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Light curves of Ic SNe: GRB-SNe, broad-lined SNe, normal SNe