Lecture 5: Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

23
Lecture 5: Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi Introduction to Linguistics - LANE 321

description

Lecture 5: Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi. Introduction to Linguistics - LANE 321. What is a vowel?. produced with a relatively free flow of air Vowels are all voiced. Describing Vowels. How do we describe/ classify consonants ? Voicing POA MOA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Lecture 5: Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Page 1: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Lecture 5: Chapter 4: The sounds of

language

Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Introduction to Linguistics - LANE 321

Page 2: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

What is a vowel? produced with a relatively free flow of

air

Vowels are all voiced

Page 3: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Describing Vowels How do we describe/ classify consonants?

Voicing POA MOA

How do we describe/ classify vowels? How high is the highest part of the tongue in

the mouth? How front or back is the highest part of the

tongue in the mouth? Are the lips rounded or unrounded?

Page 4: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Describing Vowels How high is the highest part of the

tongue in the mouth? High Mid Low

How front or back is the highest part of the tongue in the mouth? Front Central Back

Page 5: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Vowel Height

High Mid Low

Upper High Lower High

[i], [u] [ɪ], [ʊ]

Upper Mid Lower Mid

[e], [ə], [o] [ɛ], [ʌ], [ɔ]

Upper Low

[æ], [ɒ]

Lower Low

[a], [ɑ]

Page 6: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Vowel Height

High Mid Low

[i]eat/ key/ see

[ɛ]dead, pet, said

[æ]ban, laugh, sat

Page 7: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Vowel Height Upper High [i], [u]

[i] (front)e.g. eat/ key/ see

[u] (back)e. g. move/ two/ too

Page 8: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Vowel Height Lower High [ɪ], [ʊ]

[ɪ]e.g. hit, myth, women

[ʊ]e.g. could, foot, put

Page 9: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Vowel Height Upper Mid [e], [ə], [o]

[e]e.g. great, tail, weight

[ə]e.g. above, sofa, support

[o]e.g. no, road, toe

Page 10: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Vowel Height Lower Mid [ɛ], [ʌ], [ɔ]

[ɛ] e.g. dead, pet, said

[ʌ]e.g. blood, putt, tough

[ɔ]e.g. ball, caught, raw

Page 11: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Vowel Height Upper Low

[æ] e.g. ban, laugh, sat

[ɒ]e.g. Tom, hot, got (UK)

Page 12: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Vowel Height Lower Low

[a] e.g. bomb, swan (American)

[ɑ]e.g. spa, طويل, father

Page 13: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Vowel Backness

Front Central Back

[i], [ɪ], [e],

[ɛ], [æ] [ə], [ʌ], [a] [u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ], [ɑ], [ɒ]

Page 14: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Front and back vowels

Who /hu/He /hi/

Page 15: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Lip roundedness Rounded [u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ], [ɒ] [u] e.g. noon

Unrounded [i], [ɪ], [e], [ɛ], [æ], [ə], [a], [ʌ] [i] e.g. heat

Page 16: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Diphthongs A combination of two sounds begins with a vowel & ends with the glides [w] or [j] vowel + glide

[aw] cow, down, loud, doubt [ɔy] or [ɔj]

boy, toy, noise, void [ay] or [aj] ride, high, bye, eye, my

Page 17: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Activity: identifying diphthongsCall top Fright joyTop Haste Avoid Proud

Hide

Fright [ay] Joy [ɔy] Avoid [ɔy] Proud [aw] hide [ay]

Page 18: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Vowels’ full description Can be classified according to three

parameters: height, backness, and lip rounding

Examples: [i] high front unrounded vowel [u] high back rounded vowel

Page 19: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Phonetic Transcription

The best-known system: The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

IPA has been developing since 1888. The system represents each sound of

human speech with a single symbol. The symbol is enclosed in brackets [ ]

or / /.

Page 20: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Phonetic Transcription We can use IPA transcription across

languages, there is one symbol for EVERY possible human sound

There is a 1-1 correspondence of sound to symbol Cat [kæt] Cell [sɛl]

Page 21: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Transcription PracticeTranscribe the following words

Kick Boot She The Thin

[kIk] [but] [ʃi] [ðə] [θɪn]

Page 22: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Important terms

Articulatory phonetics articulators Consonants and vowels Places of articulation Manner of articulation Voicing Parameters for describing vowels Phonetic transcription

Page 23: Lecture 5:  Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Thank you Next class:

Plz read chapter 5: The sound patterns of language