LECTURE 4:ICAO CHART REQUIREMENTS

NAVIGATION

INTRODUCTION

The world of aviation requires maps that are unlike those used in ground transportation.

For the safe performance or air operations: Current, comprehensive and authoritative source

of navigation information is available at all times.

Aeronautical charts provide convenient medium for supplying information in manageable and coordinated manner.

Aeronautical charts not only provide the two dimensional information but also portray three dimensional air traffic service system.

All charts produced by ICAO states make reference to them for: Flight planning Air traffic control Navigation purposes.

INTRODUCTION

The aeronautical charts must be standardized.

Without the global standardization of aeronautical charts it would be difficult for pilot and other chart users to effectively find and interpret important navigation information.

Thus, the safe and efficient flow of air traffic, navigation and flight planning are facilitated by aeronautical charts drawn to accepted ICAO Standards.

INTRODUCTION

ICAO - ANNEX 4

Annex 4 contain The Standards, Recommended Practices and explanatory notes for Navigational Charts.

Annex 4 define the obligation of States to make available certain ICAO aeronautical chart types and specify: Chart coverage Chart format Chart identification Chart content (standardized symbol & color use)

The goal is to satisfy the need for uniformity and consistency in aeronautical charts that contain appropriate information of a defined quality.

There are 21 types of ICAO aeronautical charts series.

All the types intended to serve specialized purposes such as: Detailed charts for individual

aerodromes/heliports. Small scale charts for flight planning. Electronic aeronautical charts for cockpit display.

ICAO - ANNEX 4

GENERAL CHARTS

Basically, there are three series of charts available for planning and visual navigation, each with a different scale which are:

Aeronautical Navigation Chart - ICAO Small Scale charts

World Aeronautical Chart - ICAO 1 : 1 000 000 charts.

Aeronautical Chart - ICAO 1:500 000 series

Aeronautical Navigation Chart - ICAO Small Scale charts basically:

cover the largest area for a given amount of paper

provide a general purpose chart series suitable for long-range flight planning

GENERAL CHARTS

The World Aeronautical Chart - ICAO1 : 1 000 000 charts provide complete world coverage with uniform presentation of data at a constant scale, and are used in the production of other charts.

The characteristic of Aeronautical Chart - ICAO 1:500000 series are: supplies more detail Provides a suitable medium for pilot and

navigation training. Most suitable for use by low-speed, short- or

medium-range aircraft operating at low and intermediate altitudes.

GENERAL CHARTS

Operational requirements for charts

For the purposes of this Annex, the total flight is divided into the following phases: Phase 1 - Taxi from aircraft stand to take-

off point Phase 2 - Take-off and climb to en-route

ATS route structure Phase 3 - En-route ATS route structure Phase 4 - Descent to approach Phase 5 - Approach to land and missed

approach Phase 6 - Landing and taxi to aircraft stand.

En-route Chart

Portrays the air traffic service system, radio navigation aids and other aeronautical information essential to en-route navigation under instrument flight rules.

Designed for easy handling in the crowded space of an aircraft flight deck.

The presentation of information is such that it can easily be read in varying conditions of natural and artificial light.

Figure: Examples of en-route chart

En-route Chart

Plotting Chart

Provides a means of maintaining a continuous flight record of aircraft position.

Sometimes produced to complement the more complex en-route charts.

Figure: North Atlantic Plotting Chart

The Area Chart

This chart shall provide the flight crew with information to facilitate the following phases of instrument flight:

the transition between the en-route phase and approach to an aerodrome;

the transition between take-off and en-route phase of flight.

Designed to enable pilots to comply with departure and arrival procedures and holding pattern procedures.

Co-ordinated with the information on the instrument approach charts.

Aeronautical data Aerodromes - All aerodromes which affect the

terminal routings shall be shown. Where appropriate a runway pattern symbol shall be used.

Prohibited, restricted and danger areas shall be depicted with their identification and vertical limits.

Area minimum altitudes shall be shown. Air traffic services system - The components

of the established relevant air traffic services system shall be shown.

The Area Chart

Instrument Approach Chart Provides the pilot with a graphic

presentation of instrument approach procedures, and missed approach procedures to be followed should the crew be unable to carry out a landing.

This chart type contains a plan and profile view of the approach with full details of associated radio navigation aids and necessary aerodrome and topographical information.

Instrument Approach Chart (VOR)

Instrument Approach Chart (NDB)

Instrument Approach Chart

Instrument Approach Chart

Figure: Instrument

Approach Chart - ILS

Aerodrome/Heliport Chart The charts show:

Provides an illustration of the aerodrome or heliport

Allows the pilot to recognize significant features, rapidly clear the runway or heliport touchdown area after landing and follow taxiing instructions.

At large aerodromes where all the aircraft taxiing and parking information cannot be clearly shown on the Aerodrome/Heliport Chart - ICAO, details are provided by the supplementary Aerodrome Ground Movement Chart - ICAO and the Aircraft Parking/Docking Chart - ICAO.

Aerodrome/Heliport Chart

Aerodrome/Heliport Chart

Aerodrome Obstacle Charts

The heights of obstacles around airports are of critical importance to aircraft operations.

Information about these are given in detail on the Aerodrome Obstacle Charts - ICAO, Types A, B, and C.

Aerodrome obstacle charts show:

These charts are intended to assist aircraft operators in making: the complex take-off mass distance and performance calculations

required including those covering emergency

situations such as engine failure during takeoff.

Aerodrome Obstacle Charts

Electronic Aeronautical Chart Display Provides basic requirements aimed at

standardizing electronic aeronautical chart displays while not unduly limiting the development of this new cartographic technology.