Lecture 3: Shared Workspace Awareness Dr. Xiangyu WANG 11 th August 2008.
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Transcript of Lecture 3: Shared Workspace Awareness Dr. Xiangyu WANG 11 th August 2008.
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Lecture 3: Shared Workspace Awareness
Dr. Xiangyu WANG11th August 2008
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The concept of Shared Workspace A space for working is a prerequisite for work (both
individual and cooperative) Computer Supported Cooperative Work aims at providing
virtual spaces where people can work together independently from their locations.
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A shared workspace (physical): examples
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A shared workspace (Virtual): examples
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What is Awareness? Previous researchers have defined
awareness as knowledge created through interaction between an agent and its environment – in simple terms, “knowing what is going on” (Endsley, 1995).
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Characteristics of Awareness Awareness is knowledge about the state of an
environment bounded in time and space: e.g., I left a message in your blog in 6:00 pm today.
Environments change over time, so awareness is knowledge that must be maintained and kept up to date.
Awareness is a secondary goal in the task – that is, the overall goal is not simply to maintain awareness but to complete some task in the environment.
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Workspace awareness Specialization of awareness, one that is tied to
the specific setting of the shared workspace. Up-to-the-moment understanding of another
person’s interaction with a shared workspace.
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The Importance of Awareness Workspace awareness:
Reduces the effort needed to coordinate tasks and resources,
Provides a context in which to interpret other's utterances and actions,
Allows anticipation of others' actions.
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Workspace Awareness Workspace awareness is a specialized
situational awareness.
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Example
Shared WhiteboardPhysical Whiteboard
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Workspace Awareness (GUTWIN & GREENBERG 2002)
What information makes up WA? How is WA information gathered? How is WA information used in
collaboration?
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What information makes up WA? Information about:
Who: e.g., who is in the workspace What: e.g., what they are doing Where: e.g., where they are working When: e.g., when they did, or will do How: e.g., how they do
Divided into past, present and future information: Past: What has happened in the shared workspace
when I was away? Present: What is happening in a shared workspace
right now? Future (coordination): What will happen in the
shared workspace tomorrow after I submit my design?
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Information about the present
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Information about the past
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How is WA information gathered/conveyed? Three main sources for awareness information:
(think about shared whiteboard) Bodies Artifacts Conversations and gestures
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Bodies Information available to people as a result
of being embodied in the same space. Information from observing others’ hands,
heads, eyes, bodies, etc.
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Artifacts Artifacts in the shared workspace provide
essential awareness information: visual symbols like words, pictures, etc.
By seeing or hearing the ways that an artifact changes, it is often possible to determine “what is being done to it”.
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Conversations Verbal communication:
Talking to each other about awareness elements.
Picking up others’ verbal shadowing - the running commentary that people commonly produce alongside their actions.
Gestures: Can be used to carry out intentional
communication, e.g. pointing at things
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WA information is used for?
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Awareness techniques GUTWIN & GREENBERG (2002)
concentrated on real-time aspects of workspace awareness – elements that answer the who, what, and where questions.
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Awareness techniques – What (2)
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Where
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Case Study: TeamWave A groupware system that provides team
rooms for groups whose members can work both co-located and at distance.
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Collaboration in TeamWave Workspace Awareness: Information about
the happenings in the rooms. Telepointers: each user has a telepointer
that provides awareness on his/her actions.
Chat tool: For communication among the users.
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Tools available in TeamWave Standard:
chat tool, shared whiteboard. special tools satisfying basic group needs, e.g.:
concept map, voting tool, file transfer, external URL reference, …
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