Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
-
Upload
chadionisio -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
1/23
Lecture 3:
Energy Flow in anEcosystem
1Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
2/23
Energy FlowEnergy Flow
• EnergyEnergy in an ecosystem originallyin an ecosystem originallycomes from the suncomes from the sun
• Energy flows through EcosystemsEnergy flows through Ecosystemsfromfrom producers to various levelsproducers to various levelsof consumers to decomposersof consumers to decomposers
2Bonifacio B. Magtibay,E, !E, M!EM
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
3/23
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
4/23
"roducers"roducers
• !unlight!unlight is the mainis the mainsource of energysource of energyforfor mostmost life onlife onearth.earth.
• "roducers"roducers containcontain
chlorophyllchlorophyll # can# canuse energy directlyuse energy directlyfrom the sunfrom the sun
4Bonifacio B. Magtibay,E, !E, M!EM
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
5/23
$utotrophs$utotrophs
• $n $utotroph is any organism$n $utotroph is any organismthatthat can produce its own foodcan produce its own food supply%supply%
• $utotrophs are also called$utotrophs are also called"roducers"roducers
•"lants, algae, some protists, #"lants, algae, some protists, #some bacteria are e&lessome bacteria are e&les
5Bonifacio B. Magtibay,E, !E, M!EM
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
6/23
'iche of a $utotrophs'iche of a $utotrophs
• aptures energyaptures energy and transformsand transformsit intoit into organic, stored energyorganic, stored energy forforthe use of living organisms.the use of living organisms.
• May beMay be photoautotrophsphotoautotrophs usingusinglight energy (e.g.light energy (e.g. plants plants ))
•May beMay be chemoautotrophschemoautotrophs usingusingchemical energy (e.g.chemical energy (e.g.cyanobacteri cyanobacteri a)a)
6Bonifacio B. Magtibay,E, !E, M!EM
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
7/23
"hotoautotroph"hotoautotroph
$ producer that captures energy$ producer that captures energyfrom the sun by:from the sun by: –"hotosynthesis"hotosynthesis
• $dds$dds *&ygen*&ygen to theto theatmosphereatmosphere
• +emoves+emoves arbon io&idearbon io&ide fromfrom
the $tmospherethe $tmosphere
7$lgae$lgae
Bonifacio B. Magtibay,E, !E, M!EM
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
8/23
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
9/23
hemoautotrophshemoautotrophs
• apture energy from the bondsapture energy from the bondsof inorganic molecules such asof inorganic molecules such as-ydrogen !ulfide-ydrogen !ulfide
• "rocess is called"rocess is called hemosynthesishemosynthesis•*ften occurs in deep sea vents or*ften occurs in deep sea vents orgut of animalsgut of animals
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM 9
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
10/23
onsumersonsumers
onsumers or heterotrophsonsumers or heterotrophseat other organisms toeat other organisms toobtain energy. (e.g.obtain energy. (e.g.animals animals ))•-erbivores-erbivores
–Eat *nly "lantsEat *nly "lants•arnivoresarnivores –Eat *nly *therEat *nly *ther
$nimals$nimals
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM 10
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
11/23
onsumersonsumers
• *mnivores*mnivores (-umans)(-umans) – Eat "lants # $nimalsEat "lants # $nimals
• etritivores (!cavengers)etritivores (!cavengers)
– Feed *n ead "lant # $nimal +emainsFeed *n ead "lant # $nimal +emains(bu00ards), e.g. vultures, hyena(bu00ards), e.g. vultures, hyena
• ecomposersecomposers
– Brea1 down dead organic matter intoBrea1 down dead organic matter intosimpler substances2 recycle nutrients,simpler substances2 recycle nutrients,e.g., Fungi # Bacteriae.g., Fungi # Bacteria
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM 11
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
12/23
Feeding +elationshipsFeeding +elationships
Energy flowsEnergy flowsthrough anthrough anecosystem inecosystem inoneone directiondirection
fromfrom producersproducers
toto variousvariouslevels oflevels ofconsumersconsumers
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM 12
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
13/23
Feeding +elationshipsFeeding +elationships
• Food hainFood hain –!imple energy path through an!imple energy path through an
ecosystemecosystem
• Food ebFood eb –More realistic path through anMore realistic path through an
ecosystem made of many foodecosystem made of many foodchainschains
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM 13
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
14/23
Food hainFood hain
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE,MSEM 14
"roducer"roducer ((trapped sunlight # stored food)trapped sunlight # stored food)
44stst orderorderonsumeronsumer
55ndnd *rder*rderonsumeronsumer
33rdrd *rder*rderconsumerconsumer
66thth *rder*rderonsumeronsumer
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
15/23
'ame the "roducer, onsumers #'ame the "roducer, onsumers #
ecomposers in this food chain:ecomposers in this food chain:
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM 15
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
16/23
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
17/23
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE,MSEM 17
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
18/23
/rophic Levels/rophic Levels
Each level in a food chain or foodEach level in a food chain or foodweb is aweb is a trophic Leveltrophic Level..
• "roducers"roducers
–$lways the first trophic level$lways the first trophic level
–-ow energy enters the system-ow energy enters the system
• -erbivores-erbivores –!econd trophic level!econd trophic level
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM 18
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
19/23
/rophic Levels/rophic Levels
• arnivores7*mnivoresarnivores7*mnivores –Ma1e up the remainingMa1e up the remaining
trophic levelstrophic levels
Each level depends on theEach level depends on theone below it for energy.one below it for energy.
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM 19
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
20/23
Ecological "yramidsEcological "yramids
8raphic representations of the8raphic representations of therelative amounts of Energy orrelative amounts of Energy orMatter at each trophic levelMatter at each trophic level
May be:May be:Energy "yramidEnergy "yramid
Biomass "yramidBiomass "yramid"yramid of 'umbers"yramid of 'umbers
Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM 20
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
21/23
Energy "yramidEnergy "yramidBonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM
21
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
22/23
Biomass "yramidBiomass "yramid
22Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM
-
8/9/2019 Lecture 3 - Flow of Energy
23/23
"yramid of 'umbers"yramid of 'umbers
23Bonifacio B. Magtibay, CE, SE, MSEM