Lecture 3 - Ekistics-The Science of Human Settlements

7/25/2019 Lecture 3 - Ekistics-The Science of Human Settlements

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PLANNING 03: INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL

PLANNINGBy ARCH. DAVID A. BAUTISTA

LECTURE 3: EKISTIKS - THE SCIENCE OF HUMAN

SETTLEMENTShttp://makulaynatinta.blogspot.com/2012/03/lecture-1-science-of-human-settlements.html

1 | P a g e PLANNING 03 ARCH. DAVID A. BAUTISTA instructor


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EKISTICS (SCIENCE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS) starts !it" t"e#re$ise t"at "u$an sett%e$ents are susce#ti&%e o' s(ste$atic in)estigation*. Constantine A. Do+ia,is

T! P"#$%#&'!

-. T"e rst #rinci#%e is $a+i$i/ation o' $ans #otentia% contacts !it" t"ee%e$ents o' nature 1suc" as !ater an, trees2 !it" ot"er #eo#%e an, !it" t"e!or4s o' $an 1suc" as &ui%,ings an, roa,s2. In t"is $an ,i5ers 'ro$ ani$a%s6!e ,o not 4no! o' an( s#ecies o' ani$a%s t"at tr( to increase t"eir #otentia%contacts !it" t"e en)iron$ent once t"e( "a)e reac"e, t"e o#ti$u$ nu$&ero' contacts. 7an a%one a%!a(s see4s to increase "is contacts.

8. T"e secon, #rinci#%e is $ini$i/ation o' t"e e5ort re9uire, 'or t"eac"ie)e$ent o' $ans actua% an, #otentia% contacts. He a%!a(s gi)es "isstructures t"e s"a#e or se%ects t"e route t"at re9uires t"e $ini$u$ e5ortno $atter !"et"er "e is ,ea%ing !it" t"e :oor o' a roo$ !"ic" "e ten,s to$a4e "ori/onta% or !it" t"e creation o' a "ig"!a(.

3. T"e t"ir, #rinci#%e is o#ti$i/ation o' $ans #rotecti)e s#ace !"ic" $eans t"ese%ection o' suc" a ,istance 'ro$ ot"er #ersons ani$a%s or o&;ects t"at "ecan 4ee# "is contacts !it" t"e$ 1rst #rinci#%e2 !it"out an( 4in, o' sensor(or #s(c"o%ogica% ,isco$'ort

ina%%( an, t"is is t"e 't" #rinci#%e $an organi/es "is sett%e$ents in an

atte$#t to ac"ie)e an o#ti$u$ s(nt"esis o' t"e ot"er 'our #rinci#%es an,t"is o#ti$i/ation is ,e#en,ent on ti$e an, s#ace on actua% con,itions an,on $ans a&i%it( to create a s(nt"esis. ?"en "e "as ac"ie)e, t"is &( creatinga s(ste$ o' :oors !a%%s roo's ,oors an, !in,o!s !"ic" a%%o!s "i$ to$a+i$i/e "is #otentia% contacts 1rst #rinci#%e2 !"i%e $ini$i/ing t"e energ(e+#en,e, 1secon, #rinci#%e2 an, at t"e sa$e ti$e $a4es #ossi&%e "isse#aration 'ro$ ot"ers 1t"ir, #rinci#%e2 an, t"e ,esira&%e re%ations"i# !it" "isen)iron$ent 1'ourt" #rinci#%e2 !e s#ea4 o' *success'u% "u$an sett%e$ents*.?"at !e $ean is sett%e$ents t"at "a)e ac"ie)e, a &a%ance &et!een $anan, "is $an$a,e en)iron$ent &( co$#%(ing !it" a%% )e #rinci#%es.

HAT IS THE E*TENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT+ T"e ,istance $an !ants to go or can go in t"e course o' "is ,ai%( %i'e. T"e s"ortest o' t"e t!o ,istances ,enes t"e e+tent o' t"e rea% "u$an

sett%e$ent t"roug" ,enition o' a *,ai%( ur&an s(ste$* T"e #rocess starts !it" t"e circ%e !"ose ra,ius is ,ene, &( $ans

!i%%ingness to !a%4 ,ai%( u# to a certain ,istance an, to s#en, a certain#erio, o' ti$e in ,oing so 1t"e %i$it 'or t"e rura% ,!e%%er is - "our or =4i%o$eters 'or "ori/onta% $o)e$ent6 t"e %i$it 'or t"e ur&an ,!e%%er is 80

, | P a g e PLANNING 03 ARCH. DAVID A. BAUTISTA instructor


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$inutes or - 4i%o$eter2. T"is %ea,s to t"e conce#tion o' a circu%ar cit( an, o'a cit( gro!ing in concentric circ%es

I' !e turn &ac4 in "istor( !e n, "o!e)er t"at t"roug"out t"e %onge)o%ution o' "u$an sett%e$ents #eo#%e in a%% #arts o' t"e !or%, ten,e, to&ui%, an ur&an sett%e$ent !"ic" reac"e, an o#ti$u$ si/e o' =0000 #eo#%ean, #"(sica% ,i$ensions suc" t"at e)er(one !as !it"in a -0$inute ,istance'ro$ t"e center.

T"ere is no 9uestion t"at 'or #eo#%e !"o ,e#en, on !a%4ing as a $eans o'%oco$otion t"is unit is t"e o#ti$u$ one 'ro$ t"e #oint o' )ie! o' $o)e$entan, socia% interaction t"roug" ,irect contacts &et!een #eo#%e. A%soe+#erience "as s"o!n t"at 'or #eo#%e !"o can !a%4 it is a $a+i$u$ one'ro$ t"e stan,#oint o' aest"etics6 'or e+a$#%e creation o' t"e P%ace ,e %aConcor,e in Paris cut 'ro$ t"e tota% 3=00$eter %engt" o' t"e C"a$#s @%(seesa %engt" o' 8-00 $eters a ,istance 'ro$ !"ic" one can reac" an, en;o( t"eArc ,e Trio$#"e on 'oot.

It is a%so #er"a#s an o#ti$u$ one 'ro$ t"e socia% #oint o' )ie!6 'or e+a$#%ePeric%es in ancient At"ens cou%, get a reasona&%e sa$#%e o' #u&%ic o#inion &(

$eeting -00 to -=0 #eo#%e !"i%e !a%4ing 'ro$ "is "o$e to t"e Asse$&%(.

T! /'#y 2 H/$ S!'!!$

u,ge$ent a&out 9ua%it( can &e $a,e in se)era% !a(s in ter$s o' t"e re%ationo' e)er( in,i)i,ua% to "is en)iron$ent t"at is "is re%ation to nature societ( s"e%%san, net!or4s an, t"e &enet t"at "e gets 'ro$ t"ese contacts. ?e can $easure"is re%ations to air an, to its 9ua%it(6 to !ater in "is "o$e in t"e ri)er or %a4e an, atsea 1its 9ua%it( an, "is access to it26 an, to %an, resources 1t"eir &eaut( an,accessi&i%it(2 an, t"e recreationa% an, 'unctiona% 'aci%ities #ro)i,e, &( t"e$6

HAT IS MORPHOGENESIS

7or#"ogenesis is t"e ,e)e%o#$ent o' &o,( s"a#e an, organi/ation.

HAT IS S4NTHESIS+

T"e co$&ining o' se#arate e%e$ents or su&stances to 'or$ a co"erent !"o%e. T"eco$#%e+ !"o%e so 'or$e,.

M"&5!$!#



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>or$ation o' t"e !a%%s. ?a%%s "a)e to t t"e &o,( an, t"e senses o' 7AN

>or$ation o' t"e !a%%s. Cur)e, !a%%s 1%e't2 %ea, to !aste in t"e s(nt"esis o' 'urniturean, roo$6 straig"t !a%%s 1rig"t2 a%%o! t"e $ost econo$ic s(nt"esis o' 'urniture an,roo$.



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>or$ation o' t"e !a%%s. T!o se#arate nonconnecte, roo$s 1%e't2 can re$ainin,e#en,ent units &ut #eo#%e ten, to &ring t"e$ toget"er. T!o se#arate connecte,roo$s 1$i,,%e2 cannot re$ain in,e#en,ent units6 t"e( create $an( #ro&%e$sur'aces. T!o connecte, roo$s 1rig"t2 ten, to e%i$inate t"e #ro&%e$ sur'aces6 t"e(ten, to occu#( a $ini$u$ tota% area

7or#"ogenesis in "u$an sett%e$ents )aries !it" t"e t(#e o' unit !e are ,ea%ing!it". >ro$ t"e $an( t(#es o' units I !i%% se%ect t"e roo$ 1t"e No. 8 unit2 an, !i%%'o%%o! its 'or$ation. ?e ,o not 4no! "o! an, !"en t"e 'or$ation o' a roo$ starte,.It #ro&a&%( starte, in $an( #arts o' t"e !or%, an, #ro&a&%( t"e roo$s "a, $an('or$s an, si/es.

?e "a)e reason to &e%ie)e t"at t"e rst roo$s !ere o' $o,erate si/e 1accor,ing toto,a(s stan,ar,s2 &ut t"e( $a( "a)e &een )er( s$a%% one$an onenig"t "utssi$i%ar in a !a( to t"ose &ui%t an, use, &( t"e a#es

In an( case t"e $o$ent ca$e !"en so$e #ri$iti)e #eo#%e "a, roun, "uts an,ot"ers "a, ort"ogona% ones an, !"en t"ere !ere ,i5erent t(#es o' roo's or in

so$e cases no roo's at a%%. In at %east one $o,ern instance t"at o' t"e Bus"$en o't"e a%a"ari Desert in sout"!est A'rica t"ere is no ,oor to t"e "ut6 t"e Bus"$en

;u$# into it o)er a !a%% 1Re'. -32.

T7 y

I' !e can ana%(/e t"e #ro&%e$ o' 9ua%it( an, un,erstan, t"e $or#"ogenetic #rocess!"ic" s"ou%, ena&%e #eo#%e to &ui%, #ro#er%( an, i$#ro)e an un,esira&%e situation!"( are con,itions so &a, in our cities

M4TH NO.1 - My 2 ! %#y 2 #8!.

So$e ,ene o#ti$u$ si/e as &eing re%ate, to t"e inco$e o' t"e #eo#%e6&ut in a ,e)e%o#ing !or%, ?"ere t"e a)erage #er ca#ita inco$e increases &(8 #ercent a (ear 1an, &( $ore in ur&an areas2 !"at is t"e $eaning o' t"iso#ti$u$ o)er a %ong #erio,

Et"ers argue in ter$s o' o#ti$u$ nu$&ers o' #eo#%e an, o' organi/ationan, $ore s#ecica%%( $unici#a% eFcienc( &ut t"e( are not a&%e to #ro,ucean( con)incing #roo' 1Re'. -2. @)en i' t"e( cou%, co$#arisons o' one cit(!it" anot"er "a)e no $eaning in a !or%, !"ere #eo#%e no %onger %i)e iniso%ation.

Et"ers &ase o#ti$u$ si/e on organi/ationa% as#ects suc" as one sc"oo% orone "os#ita% 'or so $an( c"i%,ren or #eo#%e. But in a !or%, o' c"anging ratios&et!een age grou#s an, o' c"anging tec"nica% an, $anageria% a&i%ities t"is%ine o' t"in4ing cannot %ea, an(!"ere. Suc" consi,erations are )er( use'u% 'orca%cu%ating nee,s !"ic" "a)e to &e satise, in certain areas an, #erio,s &utnot 'or ca%cu%ating t"e o#ti$u$ si/e o' t"e cit(. Tec"no%ogica% ca%cu%ations&ase, on t"e $eans o' trans#ortation cannot &e "e%#'u% eit"er.



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M4TH NO. ,

Anot"er $(t" !"ic" sti%% #re)ai%s is t"at !e can so%)e t"e #ro&%e$s o' ourcities t"roug" t"e conce#tion an, oFcia% recognition o' a #"(sica% #%ane+#resse, &( a t!o or t"ree,i$ensiona% ,ra!ing. But our cities are gro!ingorganis$s. T"e( nee, a ,e)e%o#$ent #o%ic( %ea,ing to a ,e)e%o#$ent

#rogra$ !"ic" is e+#resse, in s#ace &( #"(sica% ,e)e%o#$ent #%ans &utt"e( a%so nee, econo$ic socia% #o%itica% a,$inistrati)e tec"no%ogica% an,aest"etic #rogra$s.

SEURC@S

-0. C.A. Do+ia,is @4istics -JK ##. 3


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Hu$an sett%e$ents are sett%e$ents in"a&ite, &( $an. Hu$an sett%e$ents s"ou%,satis'( $an.

H/$ !'!!$ %$# 2:

/. ! CONTENT1$an a%one or in societies2

. ! CONTAINER1or t"e #"(sica% sett%e$ent !"ic" consists &ot" natura% an,$an$a,e or articia% e%e$ents2

?"en ta4en toget"er $a4e u# t"e "u$an sett%e$ent !"ose %argest #ossi&%e,i$ensions are ,ene, &( t"e geogra#"ic %i$its o' t"e eart"Ms sur'ace.

T"e tota% sur'ace o' t"e @art"

t"e %argest #ossi&%e container o' $an

t"e !"o%e cos$os o' $an

t"e cos$os o' t"e Ant"ro#os

t"e ant"ro#ocos$os

Suc" ,enition o' "u$an sett%e$ent i$#%ies t"at it is not $ere%( 3,i$ensiona% &ut | P a g e PLANNING 03 ARCH. DAVID A. BAUTISTA instructor


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,a(s or one season2 regar,%ess o' !"et"er t"e container is a natura% one 1 a

ca)e2 or $an$a,e 1tent or a &ui%,ing2.

Nature a%one !it"out $an cannot &e sai, to 'or$ a sett%e$ent or e)en a containersince it "as no "u$an content

a $an$a,e sett%e$ent is on%( t"e cor#se or t"e a&an,one, s"e%% o' asett%e$ent !"ic" $ust &e consi,ere, ,ea, as in an( ot"er cor#se.

so$e #eo#%e ca%% ,ea, sett%e$ent a sett%e$entQ &ut t"is is no $ore correct

ca%%ing t"e s"e%% o' a snai% a snai%.

ter$ is use, in $an( suc" cases 'or reasons o' si$#%icit( &ut t"is is not

accurate an, s"ou%, &e use, !it" care to a)oi, con'usion.

, /#% !'!!$ 2 /$ !'!!$ (D?#/@#)

TH@ CENT@NT AND TH@ CENTAIN@R

T"is can &e 'urt"er su&,i)i,e, into = categories 1in "ierarc"ica% or,er2

1Container2 NATUR@ #ro)i,ing t"e 'oun,ation u#on !"ic" t"e sett%e$ent iscreate, an, t"e 'ra$e !it"in it can 'unction

1Content2 7AN an in,i)i,ua% Ho$o sa#iens Bio%ogica% nee,s 1o+(gen nutrition2

Sensation an, #erce#tion 1= senses2

@$otiona% nee,s 1satis'action securit( sense o' &e%onging2 7ora% )a%ues

1Content2 SECI@T a grou# o' in,i)i,ua%s s"aring t"e sa$e cu%ture )a%uesnor$s an, tra,itions

1Container2 SH@LLS or t"e structures !it"in !"ic" $an %i)es an, carries out"is ,i5erent 'unctions t"e &ui%t co$#onent.

| P a g e PLANNING 03 ARCH. DAVID A. BAUTISTA instructor


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1Container2 N@T?ERS or t"e natura% an, $an$a,e s(ste$ !"ic" 'aci%itatet"e 'unctioning o' t"e sett%e$ent or %in4s !it"in t"e sett%e$ent roa,sco$$unications s(ste$s uti%ities etc.

Hierarc"( o' "u$an sett%e$ents

a "a$%et a neig"&or"oo, a s$a%% )i%%age

a co$$unit( a to!n

a cit( an ur&an area

a $etro#o%is

a conur&ation a co$#osite o' cities $etro#o%ises ur&an areas

a $ega%o#o%is $erging o' t!o or $ore $etro#o%ises !it" a #o#u%ation o' -07

or $ore6 a 80t" centur( #"eno$enon 17ega%o#o%is conce#t coine, &( ean

Gott$ann 'or ur&an co$#%e+es in t"e Nort"eastern Unite, States.2 A "ierarc"( o' sett%e$ents is c"aracteri/e, &( a 'e! %arge cities so$e $e,iu$si/e, cities an, $an( s$a%% sett%e$ents.

| P a g e PLANNING 03 ARCH. DAVID A. BAUTISTA instructor

Lecture 3 - Ekistics-The Science of Human Settlements

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