British North America: Colonial Governments and Imperial Policy.
Lecture 2 The development of British North America.
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Transcript of Lecture 2 The development of British North America.
Methods of colonizationJoint stock companies or individualsPermission from CrownProprietary colony Maryland Earl of
Baltimore Pennsylvania, William Penn Charter colony: Plymouth, Massachusetts
Renewal of Colonization
1607 May 6 JamestownEstablished by the London CompanyLeading figure: Captain John Smith
adventurer, amateur geographer, historian, populizer of America
The History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles
Pocahontas episode, return to England after a gunpowder explosion
The development of JamestownHard time for colonists until planting
tobacco, first tobacco yield 16161619: Virginia House of Burgesses first
legislative bodyArrival of Africans as indentured workers on
a Dutch man o’war1622: March 22 Jamestown Massacre, 1624: Royal charter revoked
PlymouthEstablished by Separatists in 1620Leader: William BradfordMayflower CompactA mission for the glory of God, for the
advancement of Christian faith, and the honor of king and country
1621: Wampanoag Indians help settlers, the first Thanksgiving
Main historical source: Of Plymouth Plantation1691: Becomes part of Massachusetts
Massachussetts 1630MassachusettsCongregationalistsJohn Winthrop’s sermon A Model of
Christian Charity“we shall be a city upon a hill”Puritan mission concept
The development of MassachussettsLeading body: the General CourtSemi-theocracyChallenges: Roger Williams a SeparatistAnne Hutchinson: against Puritan patriarchy,Rejects covenant of works: good conduct
would give salvation, banished from colony
New York 1664New NetherlandsDutch East India company hired Henry
Hudson searching for the passage to the Orient
1609: He discovered Delaware Bay, and the river named after him
1614: Dutch establish fur trading posts on Manhattan Island
The development of New York1626: Governor Peter Minuit purchases
Manhattan from the IndiansNew Amsterdam will become capital of New
NetherlandsJames, Duke of York drives out Dutch in 1664
The influence of the DutchBredeweghe Broadway, Wall Street (original
wall to protect against Indians)Family names: Roosevelt, Van Buren,
RensselaerTraditions, customs: Santa Claus, Rip van
Winkle, Vocabulary: boss, crib, stoop
Pennsylvania 1681William Penn,Quaker, follower of George FoxReligious tolerance, equality of sexes,
rejection of war and violence, rejection of rank
Society of FriendsSettlement of Non-conformists, Mennonites,
Amish, Baptists, Moravians
Georgia 1732Settling prisoners, buffer colony1733: Savannah founded by OglethorpeGermans, but also Scottish Highlanders,
Portuguese Jews, Welsh provide a cosmopolitan character
1753: Charter expired, colony reverted to the crown
British North AmericaNew England: Southern N.E. Rhode Island,
Connecticut, MassachusettsNorthern N.E. Vermont, Maine, New
HampshireMid-Atlantic colonies New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania DelawareSouth: Virginia, Carolinas (South Carolina,
North Carolina,) Georgia,
Reasons for successful colonizationColonies as business venturesAllowing the settlement of Non-conformistsContiguous settlementNot hostile terrain
New EnglandCommerce, later industryLimited agricultureParticipation in triangular tradeNew England to Slave Coast rum, exchange
for slavesMiddle Passage to Bahamas, exchange for
molassesMolasses to N.E. rum is made again
Culture and society in New EnglandElements of Puritan perspective:Chosenness predestinationPuritan work ethicMission conceptManichean world view Good v. EvilModeration