Lecture 2-Style Sheet and Citation
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PAPER WRITING
Lecture II
Rida Wahyuningrum
English Department
Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya
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Style sheet is a document's
appearance in terms of such
elements as:
-the default typeface, size, and
color for headings and body text
-How front matter (preface, figure
list, title page, and so forth) should
look
-How all or individual sections
should be laid out in terms of space
(for example, two newspaper
columns, one column with headings
having hanging heads, and so
forth).
ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
Top : 4 cm
Bottom : 3 cm
Left : 4 cm
Right : 3 cm
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ACADEMIC WRITING
The SPACE between
rows is 1.5 or 2, except
for the direct quote, title,
list of tables and pictures,
and a list of
libraries, use SINGLE
SPACE.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
The TITLE should be
capitalized, centred,
bolded, and 4-spaced
distance from the
beginning of writing.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
The FONTS normally
used is Times New
Roman 12.
Use 14 for the title.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
Capitalize each word,
except function words.
No period at the end of
headings or sub
headings.
Bold-typed.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
A-4 sized
paper
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In general, it is a
reference to a published
or unpublished source
(not always the original
source).ACADEMIC WRITING
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Specifically, an abbreviated
alphanumeric expression embedded
in the body of an intellectual work that
denotes an entry in the bibliographic
references section of the work for the
purpose of acknowledging the
relevance of the works of others to the
topic of discussion at the spot where
the citation appears.
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Indirect citations give both the surname and the date
parenthetically. Indirect citations help maintain the
"flow" of the writing because people are very good at
reading around parenthetical information.
Direct citations are
those that include the
surname of the author
as part of the text of
the sentence and the
date within
parentheses.
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Further detailed examples and
information about DIRECT vs
INDIRECT CITATION is provided
in pdf file
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ACADEMIC WRITING
MLA style was developed by the Modern Language
Association and is most often used in the arts and
the humanities, particularly in English studies, other
literary studies, including comparative literature and
literary criticism in languages other than English, and
some interdisciplinary studies, such as cultural
studies, drama and theatre, film, and other media,
including television.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
The Modern Language Association uses
parenthetical references instead of
footnotes or endnotes in the body of the
research paper to acknowledge the use of
borrowed material. These references point
to the Works Cited page (see examples of
entries above) at the end to fully
document this material with necessary
author, title, and publishing information.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
PLACEMENT AND PUNCTUATION GUIDELINES
1. Keep the parenthetical references as brief as possible. Do this by inserting the author’s last name and a page number in parentheses after the statement you are documenting:
“A large percentage of the suicides in this category are centered in the New York City area” (Hyde 126).
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ACADEMIC WRITING
PLACEMENT AND PUNCTUATION GUIDELINES
2. If you include the author’s name in a sentence, you need only put the page number of the reference in the parentheses:
Hyde notes that “a large percentage of the suicides in this category are centered in the New York City area” (126).
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ACADEMIC WRITING
PLACEMENT AND PUNCTUATION GUIDELINES
3. If you are citing an entire work rather than a specific passage or section, omit any parenthetical reference and give the author’s last name in your sentence:
Throughout her book, Hyde argues that suicide among the young constitutes a national epidemic.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
EXAMPLES OF PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES
1. A work by an author of two or more works you are using
Use last name, comma, short title and relevant page numbers:
(Grossman, Aesthetics 5)
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ACADEMIC WRITING
EXAMPLES OF PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES
2. A work by an author with the same last name asanother author in your list of Works Cited.
Supply first name:
(James Brown 317)
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ACADEMIC WRITING
EXAMPLES OF PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES
3. A work by more than one author
Two authors: (Hyde and Forsyth 47) Three or more authors: (Quirk et al 96)
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ACADEMIC WRITING
EXAMPLES OF PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES
3. A work by more than one author
Two authors: (Hyde and Forsyth 47) Three or more authors: (Quirk et al 96)
4. A multivolume work
Indicate volume used: (Laszlo 2: 787)
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ACADEMIC WRITING
EXAMPLES OF PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES
5. A work with no author
Use shortened version of title or whole title if it is short. If you shorten the title, begin with the word by which the source is alphabetized in thelist of Works Cited:
(Americana 8: 63)
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ACADEMIC WRITING
EXAMPLES OF PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES
6. Corporate author or government agencyYou may include author and title, but it is often best to use information as part of a sentence since the citation may be long:
(IBM Annual Report 1990 6)
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ACADEMIC WRITING
EXAMPLES OF PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES
7. Literary WorksBecause of differences in editions, use more than the page number to locate the passage cited. After page number, add a semicolon and other appropriate information using abbreviations such as “ch.”, “pt.”:
(Conrad 15; ch. 3)
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ACADEMIC WRITING
EXAMPLES OF PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES
8. More than one work in a single parenthetical reference
Use normal pattern but separate each citationwith a semicolon:
(Kabotis 214; Perkins 58)
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Further detailed
information is provided
in pdf file
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The style of the American Psychological
Association, or APA style, is most often used
in social sciences. APA style uses Harvard
referencing within the text, listing the author's
name and year of publication, keyed to an
alphabetical list of sources at the end of the
paper on a References page.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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Further detailed
information is provided
in pdf file
![Page 40: Lecture 2-Style Sheet and Citation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/55cf9227550346f57b940bcc/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
ACADEMIC WRITING
The Chicago Style (CMOS)
was developed and its guide is
The Chicago Manual of Style.
It is most widely used in
history and economics as well
as some social sciences.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
In the Chicago Style, bibliographic entries
are arranged alphabetically by the last
name of the author. They are not
numbered; however, to make the
bibliography easier to correct please
separate entries into the four
categories with a heading for each:
books, articles, encyclopedias, and
websites.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
Below is a “style sheet” for a Chicago Style
bibliography. It will give you examples for the
different types of publications you may need to
cite.
Please note these basic formatting rules.
• First line of the entry is flush left and subsequent
lines of each entry are indented
five spaces.
• Double-space only between entries.
• Anonymous works are alphabetized by title
• Capitalize all nouns in a title
• End each citation with a period.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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Further detailed
information is
provided in pdf
file
![Page 50: Lecture 2-Style Sheet and Citation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051417/55cf9227550346f57b940bcc/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
ACADEMIC WRITING
A reference list contains only those sources
you actually referred to in your assignment.
Each resource on your list, there will be some
citation in your assignment.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
A bibliography, sometimes, is taken to be a list
of all those sources you looked at.
This list, also attached to the back of your
assignment, contains all those books, articles,
website, and so on, you cite in your
assignment but also those ones you consulted
but didn't actually cite in your assignment.
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ACADEMIC WRITING
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Rida Wahyuningrum
English Department
Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya