Lecture 2 Philosophy of Science
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Transcript of Lecture 2 Philosophy of Science
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INTRODUCTION TOPHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCEPHILOSOPHY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
I MADE BAKTA
2013
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PHI LOSOPHY
TERMINOLOGY
PHILOSOPHIA
FALSAFAH
PHILOSOPHY
Etimology:
Philein Sophos
Philos sophia
The lover of wisdom
The friend of wisdom
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PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY as:
Thinking Process
Way of life
Product of thinkingPhilosophy
Philosophical knowledge
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HOMO SAPIENS
Thinking creatures
Curiosity
Admiration
Problems
Philosophy as a thinking process, due
to:
Availability of tools of thinking:Logics
Language
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WHAT KIND OF THINKING?
Radical
Universal
Conceptual
Coherence and consistent Systematic
Comprehensive
Critical Free Thinking
Responbility
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PHILOSOPHY
A way of critical, deep, holistic,systematic thinking to understand the
REALITY as totalityA knowledge to comprehend of BEING
and REALITY with logic, not mythos
Through contemplation and reflexion
The goals are understanding the natureand wisdom
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Branches (domains) ofPhilosophical study
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Axiology
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METAPHYSICS
Meta ta physica come after physics
What is behind physics
The study of the ultimate nature ofreality and being
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EPISTEMOLOGY
Episteem = knowledgeLogos = knowledge
Epsitemology: the knowledge of knowledge
The mother of knowledge
The theory of knowledge
Source, structure, methods and validity of knowledge
The fields of study:
- how to attain a knowledge
- the source of knowledge
- how to assess the a validity of
knowledge
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AXIOLOGY
Axios : how to use
Logos : knowledge
Fields of study;
- Moral
- Ethics- Aesthetics
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What is the goals of thePhilosophical Study
A comprehension (understanding) ofReality, and Being totally
To understand the Nature
To attain wisdom
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KNOWLEDGE
All we know are knowledge
A consciously (cognitive) relationbetween subject and object on a matter
KNOWLEDGE
Daily common knowledge
Philosophical knowledge (Philosophy) Scientific knowledge (Science)
Theological knowledge (Religion)
l b h l h
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Relation between Philosophyand Science
In ancient Greek: philosophy andscience are studied by the sameexperts.
In development: philosophy becomemore general and in totality, butscience become more specific and
validated Science become more complicated, has
many problems, asked philosopher to
solve this problem
PHILOSOPHY OF
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PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE
SCIENCE started from PHILOSOPHY,and ended at PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE is the bridgebetween PHILOSOPHY and SCIENCE (Philip Frank)
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PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Branch of Philosopy that studiedScience totally.
Studied all aspects of Science
- Metaphysics/Ontology
- Epistemology
- Axiology Philosophy of Science support Science
to solve the problems of Science
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ONTOLOGY
What kind of knowledge that canacknowledge as science
What is the limit and boundaries of
science What is pseudoscience
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EPISTEMOLOGY
To study
The source, structure, methods andvalidity of science
The fields of study:- how to attain a science (Scientific
Method)
- the source of science- how to assess the validity of
science (Scientific Truth)
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EPISTEMOLOGY
The Scientific Method
- Deducto-Inducto Verificative
- Hypothetico-Inducto Verificative
The Scientific Truth
- Corespondence Theory- Coherence Theory
- Pragmatic Theory
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AXIOLOGY
To study the implementation of Science
Moral obligation of Scientist
- science is related to values
- science is not related to values
science is just for scienceScientific Ethics
Aesthetic aspects of Science
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PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophy of Science in General Philosophy of Science in Specific
Sciences
- Philosophy of Law- Philosophy of Humanities
- Phiolosophy of Education
- Philosophy of Medical Sciences
- Etc
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PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICALSCIENCES
Ontological aspects
Epistemological aspects
Axiological aspects
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ONTOLOGY
Problems in development of MedicalSciences : discipline, subdiscipline, sub-
discipline Pseudo medical sciences
Uncertainty in Medical Sciences
Evidence based Medicine
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EPISTEMOLOGY
Trials in Medicine
Evidence-based Medicine
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AXIOLOGY
Morals in Medicine cloning & stemcell experiments
Medical Ethics
- Ethics in medical experiments
- Ethics in services for patients
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MEDICAL ETHICS
Basic concept of Merdical Ethics
Primum no nocere first do no harm
(AHIMSA) Primum tacere firm in truth (SATYAM)say YES for truth, say No for untruth
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Scientific Attitude
Creative and Inovative
Receptive and critical (scientific skepticism)
Independent and Courage in Truth
Holistic Thinking
Commitment to cultural values andsensitive to problems of society
Scientific HonestyAcademic modesty
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SUMMARY
Philosopy of Science and Philosophy ofMedical Science is very important for
medical students Medical students should have the BEST:
- Hard skill
- Soft Skill
- Character (moral and ethics)
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PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS
General
Comprehensive
Deep and intense
SpeculativeCritical
Associated with values
Implicative