Lecture 2 History of Air Transport
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Transcript of Lecture 2 History of Air Transport
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History of Air Transport December 17, 1903
First powered flight in a heavier than air aircraft known to man.
Orville Wright propelled himself through the air a distance of 35 m near
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USA. 1914 1918
During the world war Zeppelin aero planes were freely used byGermans for passenger transport
May 1918 Long distance air mail service was introduced between Washington and
New York
1918
First international air service was started between Toulouse in France
and Barcelona in Spain August 27, 1939
First jet flight was made in Germany. The jet aircraft was manufacturedby Heinkel Aircraft Company in Germany
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First Flight by Wright Brothers
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Zeppelin Aircraft
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeppelin
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History of Air Transport 1911
Recorded as beginning of air flight in India by HenriPiquet, a French man. This flight was betweenAllahabad and Naini Junction (7 km)
1912
Opening of first domestic air route between Karachiand Delhi by the Indian State Air Service incollaboration with the Imperial Airways, UK
1932 Tata airlines, the first India Airline, was founded by
JRD Tata who himself piloted its inaugural flight.
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History and Organisation of Air Transport
1945: Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) wasformed with the following functions:
Regulatory functions such as air worthiness of aircraft, licensing ofpersonnel, investigation of incidents/accidents, bilateral matters,approval of tariffs/schedules etc.
Till the formation of other bodies, DGCA had also looked after the
administration of airports and provision of navigational andcommunication facilities at the airports
At the time of independence the following eight airlineswere operating:
Tata Airlines Indian National Airways
Air Service of India Deccan Airways
Ambica Airways Bharat Airways and
Mistry Airways Orient Airways (shifted to Pakistan)
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1953
Airline industry was completely nationalized and Indian Airlines and AirIndia (earlier Tata Airline) were formed as public sector organizations
1972
International Airport Authority of India (IAAI) was set up for operation,management, planning and development of the four internationalairports
1978 Bureau of Civil Aviation Security was formed as a cell in the DGCA for
coordinating, monitoring, inspecting and training personnel in civilaviation security matters. BCAS was reorganized into an independentDepartment under Ministry of Civil Aviation since 1987
1985
Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Udan Academy was created to cater to thefinely honed flying skills and the technical experience required by
modern pilots
History and Organisation of Air Transport
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1986
National Airports Authority (NAA) was set up for administering thedomestic airports other than the four international airports
NAAs function was also to provide navigational and communicationfacilities at all airports including the four international airports
1995
Airports Authority of India (AAI) was formed by merging IAAI and NAAwith a view to accelerate the integrated development, expansion andmodernization of the airports.
2000
Security functions at all airports were taken over by CISF. Earlier the
security functions were performed by the police personnel requisitionedfrom State Governments
History and Organisation of Air Transport
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Requirement of Civil Aviation
Building of airports to accepted internationalstandards
Establishment of standard navigational aids
Setting up of a world wide weather reportingsystem
Standardization of operational practices tominimize the possibility of error ormisunderstanding
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International Civil Aviation Organization
ICAO was established in 1947 with headquarters at Montreal,Canada
Is a specialized agency of United Nations
Ensure safety and orderly growth of civil aviation throughout theworld
Encourage the art of aircraft design and operation for peaceful
purposes Encourage development of airways, airports and air navigational
facilities for international aviation
Meet the needs of the people of the world for safe, regular, efficient
and economic air transport Prevent economic waste by unreasonable competition
Ensure the rights of the contracting nations and avoid discrimination
Promote safety and development
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International Civil Aviation Organization
The international design standards and recommended practicesprescribed by ICAO are applicable to all airports serving
international air commerce
At present 189 nations are the members of ICAO
ICAO has two bodies, viz., Assembly and the Council
Assembly composed of representatives from all the contractingnations is a sovereign body of ICAO. It meets every three years
The Council is the governing body with 36 members. Thesemembers are elected by the assembly for a three year term.
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Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was
formed in 1958 for administering airportsin USA
The FAA develops, directs and fosters thecoordination of a national system of airports
It also develops and establishes standards
FAA
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Aircraft Characteristics Type of Propulsion
Size of Aircraft Minimum Turning Radius
Minimum Circling Radius Speed of Aircraft
Capacity of Aircraft
Aircraft Weight and Wheel Configuration Jet Blast and Noise
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Type of Propulsion Propeller driven Piston Engine (P)
Thrust is generated by propeller which is powered by gasoline fed
reciprocating engine (Cesna Aircrafts) Turbo Prop (TP)
Thrust is generated by propeller which is powered by turbine engine. Itsturbine uses almost all the engine's energy to turn its compressor andpropeller, and it depends on the propeller for thrust, rather than on thehigh-velocity gases going out of the exhaust. (ATR, Dornier)
Turbo Jet (TJ) Dont depend on propeller for thrust. Thrust is directly obtained from
turbine engines (Concorde)
Turbo Fan (TF) Similar to turbo jet, but with a small fan attached to the turbine engine.
The fan causes more air to flow around (bypass) the engine. Thisproduces greater thrust and reduces specific fuel consumption. Thispropulsion system is the most efficient. (most of the present dayprincipal transport aircrfats Airbus, Boeng, McDonnell-Douglas)
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Turbo Prop
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Turbojet
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Turbo Fan