Lecture 2 Hardware FTF Aggarwal

8/3/2019 Lecture 2 Hardware FTF Aggarwal

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Taking Mobile Computing to theSkies

Lufthansa wants to

Keep 3,500 pilots

Trained on the latest technology andprocedures

Plugged into the corporate infrastructure

Informed about schedules, weather events,and other facts that affect their jobs

Control costs

Provide Internet access to passengers


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Case Study Questions

1.Are many of Lufthansas challenges identifiedin the case similar to those being

experienced by other businesses in todaysglobal economy? Explain and provide someexamples.

2. What other tangible and intangible benefits,

beyond those identified by Lufthansa, mighta mobile workforce enjoy as a result ofdeploying mobile technologies? Explain.

3. Lufthansa was clearly taking a big risk withtheir decision to deploy notebook computers


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Are many of Lufthansas challenges identifies in the case similarto those being experienced by other businesses in todaysglobal economy? Explain and provide some examples.

While the specifics of each challenge are particular toLufthansas situation, many are shared by other globalorganizations. Examples could include:Provide a mobile workforce with equipment that fits their needs

while it does not get in the way of accomplishing theirobjectives (not only technical specifications, but also upgradesand updates, stability, etc)Distribute training and other non-directly value-adding activitiesduring non-productive periods both to maximize efficiency andreduce downtimeProvide adequate support to mobile operations while keeping atight lid on cost and being able to justify the investmentRedefine processes to accommodate new mobile technologiesand needs of a distributed workforce includingcommunication, meeting and decision making practices


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What other tangible and intangible benefits, beyond those identified byLufthansa, might a mobile workforce enjoy as a result of deploying mobiletechnologies. Explain.

ExamplesIncreased, all-around, communication, both with theorganization and with personal relationships (family, friends,etc). Especially important for a highly mobile workforce such as

airline pilots.Remote access to corporate applications, important sinceincreasingly more of the employees interaction is self-managed(payroll systems, expense reports, etc.)More productive time spent at customer locations andstreamlined order taking and processing

Ability to timely collect and report data on the competitiveenvironment, both for the own organization and competitors(prices, volume, advertising, etc)


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Lufthansa was clearly taking a big risk with their decision to deploy notebookcomputers to their pilots. What steps did they take to manage that riskand what others might be needed in todays business environment?Provide some examples.

Steps taken to manage the risk:Ensured that technical specifications for the equipment wereacceptable to both pilots and the union, given the very specialwork environment they would be used in

Increased the chances of user buy-in by providing convenientalternatives to traditionally cumbersome tasks (such as carryingmanuals and technical documents around)Standardized on a unique hardware and software platform toreduce support and upgrade costsStructured the process in phases, pilot and general deployment,

to both assess feasibility and obtain feedback before massimplementation


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Training users (pilots) in the skills required tooperate and become productive with the new

hardware and applications, if they did nothave them already

Ensure that project analysts and supportpersonnel had the skills required to carry on a

project of this magnitude


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Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4

Group mini case Report &Presentation Due on February 12

Mini case:Delta, Northwest Airlines, and Vancouver

Airport: The business Value of

Customer Self-Service Kiosks (87)


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IT Hardware

Left: The on-board L2 cache.

Right: The Pentium Pro processor core with 5.5 million transistors.

Source: Intel
http://www.intel.com/http://www.intel.com/


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Learning Objectives

1. Understand the history and evolutionof computer hardware.

2. Outline the major technologies anduses of computer peripherals for input,output, and storage.

3. Identify and give example of thecomponents and functions of acomputer system.


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Learning Objectives

4. Identify the computer systems andperipherals you would acquire or

recommend for a business of yourchoice, and explain the reasons foryour selections.


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Microcomputer Systems

Personal Computer (PC)microcomputer for use by an individual

Desktop fit on an office desk

Laptop small, portable PC


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Microcomputer Systems

Workstation a powerful, networkedPC for business professionals

Network Server more powerfulmicrocomputers that coordinatetelecommunications and resource

sharing in small networks


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Information Appliances

Hand-held microcomputer devices

Personal digital assistants (PDA)

BlackBerry

Video-game consoles

Internet enabled cellular phones


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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics of CPUs and RAM


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Motherboard: componentsbus , chipset, CPU, memory


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Motherboard: chipset

components of the chipset

memory controller

I/O controller

bus controller

cache controller

types of chipsets
http://sysopt.earthweb.com/chipset.htmlhttp://sysopt.earthweb.com/chipset.html


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Motherboard: bus system

data bus

address bus

system/control bus

expansion slots

ISA, EISA, VESA,SCSI, PCI, AGP

How local bus works? PCI vs VESABus speeds: Pentium 4 and

AthlonXP
http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/a/address_bus.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/control_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/e/expansion_slot.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/types/http://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/funcLocal-c.htmlhttp://home.ubalt.edu/abento/640/ithardware/buspci.gifhttp://www.homenethelp.com/web/explain/about-bus-speeds.asphttp://www.intel.com/design/Pentium4/prodbref/http://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=1352http://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/funcLocal-c.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/funcLocal-c.htmlhttp://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=1352http://www.intel.com/design/Pentium4/prodbref/http://www.homenethelp.com/web/explain/about-bus-speeds.asphttp://home.ubalt.edu/abento/640/ithardware/buspci.gifhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/funcLocal-c.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/types/http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/e/expansion_slot.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/control_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/a/address_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/bus.html


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Whats a BUS?

A collection of wires through which data istransmitted from one part of a computer toanother.

A bus connects all the internal computercomponents to the CPU and main memory.There's also an expansion bus that enablesexpansion boards to access the CPU and

memoryEvery bus has a clock speed measured inMHz
http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/data.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/computer.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/main_memory.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/expansion_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/expansion_board.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/clock_speed.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/MHz.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/MHz.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/clock_speed.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/expansion_board.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/expansion_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/main_memory.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/computer.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/data.html


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All buses consist of two parts -- an addressbus and a data bus. The data bus transfersactual data whereas the address bus

transfers information about where the datashould go.

The size of a bus, known as its width, isdetermines how much data can be

transmitted at one time. For example, a 16-bit bus can transmit 16 bits of data, whereasa 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits of data.
http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/address_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/address_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/address_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/address_bus.html


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Semiconductor memory

Microelectronic semiconductor memorychips

Used for primary storageAdvantage:

Small size

Fast

Shock and temperature resistance

Disadvantage:

Volatility: must have uninterrupted electric


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Two types of semiconductormemory

RAM: random access memory

Most widely used primary storage medium

Volatile memory Read/write memory

ROM: read only memory

Permanent storage Can be read but cannot be overwritten

Frequently used programs burnt into chips

during manufacturing


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Bit and Byte

Bit (short for binary digit)

Smallest element of data

Either zero or one

Byte

Group of eight bits which operate as a

single unit Represents one character or number


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Representing characters in bytes


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Computers use binary system tocalculate

Decimal

Octal

Binary

ASCII


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Measuring storage capacities

Kilobyte (KB): one thousand bytes

Megabyte (MB): one million bytes

Gigabyte (GB): one billion bytes

Terabyte (TB): one trillion bytes

Petabyte (PB): one quadrillion bytes


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Main Memory

basic concepts

memory banks (0,1,2): 64 Meg to 1 Gig

SIMMs (single in-line memory modules), DIMMS (dual in-

line memory modules), SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) SIMMs older, DIMMS old, SDRAM newer PCs

additional references

Upgrading memory
http://www.pcworld.com/resource/article.asp?aid=18024http://www.pcworld.com/resource/article.asp?aid=18024


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Updating Memory

RAM is sold in the form of chipscontained on small circuit boards called

memory modules.

Most PCs have three DIMM sockets ontheir motherboards, and one or two ofthem are usually free. Adding RAM is assimple as plugging in new DIMMs


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Disk drives

Hard-drives

Overview

Speed

Interfaces: IDE, SCSI, SATA, IDE vs SCSI

CD and DVD

basics: CD standard and DVDstandards

x

A measurement of CD or DVD drive speed. Each x translates toeither 153,600 bytes of data per second, the data rate of the CD-audio or 1,250,000 bytes per second, the data rate of the DVD-video.

USB flash drives

Overview
http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/index.htmhttp://www.tomshardware.com/storage/20020806/index.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SCSI.htmlhttp://www.tomshardware.com/storage/20020812/http://www.acc.umu.se/~sagge/scsi_ide/http://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/harddrive.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/CD_ROM.htmhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DVD.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/2003/DVDFormatsExplained.asphttp://www.usbflashdrive.org/usbfd_overview.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.usbflashdrive.org/usbfd_overview.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/2003/DVDFormatsExplained.asphttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DVD.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/CD_ROM.htmhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/harddrive.htmlhttp://www.acc.umu.se/~sagge/scsi_ide/http://www.tomshardware.com/storage/20020812/http://www.tomshardware.com/storage/20020812/http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SCSI.htmlhttp://www.tomshardware.com/storage/20020806/index.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/index.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/index.htm


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Magnetic Disks

Used for secondary storage

Fast access and high storage capacity

Source: Quantum. Source: Corbis.
http://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.html


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Types of magnetic disks

Floppy disks

Magnetic disk inside a plastic jacket

Hard disk drives

Magnetic disk, access arms, and read/write headsin sealed module

RAID (Redundant arrays of independent disks)

Disk arrays of interconnected hard disk drives Fault tolerant with multiple copies on several disks
http://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.html


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Optical Disks
http://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.html


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Uses of optical disks

Image processing

Long term storage of historical files of

images Scan documents and store on optical disks

Publishing medium for fast access to

reference materials Catalogs, directories, etc.

Interactive multimedia applications

Video games, educational videos, etc.
http://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.html


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Disk drive performance

Fragmentation

Compression.

CacheSwap file (paging file)
http://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.html


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Fragmentation

Fragmentation means two things:

File fragmentation:

a condition in which individual files on a disk are notcontiguous but are broken up in pieces scatteredaround the disk;

Data Fragmentation:

a condition in which the free space on a disk consistsof little bits of free space here and there rather thanonly one or a few free spaces.
http://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.html


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Compression

Zip

Winzip
http://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.html


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Example

In John F. Kennedy's 1961 inaugural address,he delivered this famous line:"Ask not what your country can do for you --

ask what you can do for your country."

The quote has 17 words, made up of 61 letters,16 spaces, one dash and one period. If each

letter, space or punctuation mark takes upone unit ofmemory, we get a total file size of79 units. To get the file size down, we needto look for redundancies.
http://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer-memory.htmhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer-memory.htmhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer-memory.htm


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"ask" appears two times"what" appears two times

"your" appears two times

"country" appears two times

"can" appears two times

"do" appears two times

"for" appears two times

"you" appears two times our dictionary:

ask what your country can do for you

Our sentence now reads:

"1 not 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -- 1 2 8 5 6 7 3 4"

"Ask not what your country can do for you -- ask whatyou can do for your country."


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"Ask not what your country can do for you -- ask whatyou can do for your country."

full phrase takes up 79 units.

Our compressed sentence (including

spaces) takes up 37 units, and thedictionary (words and numbers) alsotakes up 37 units. This gives us a file

size of 74, so we haven't reduced thefile size by very much.


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Others

graphics cards:

monitors: resolution, size, analog vs.

digitalprinters: ink, laser, color, speed.

Modems: phone lines, cable and DSL

scanners

digital cameras


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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting Devices

Connecting devices enable your hardware tocommunicate with each other.

Busses system and expansion.

Expansion slots and cards.

Ports and connectors USB, serial, parallel,and IrDA


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Hardware: Your Physical


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Hardware: Your PhysicalInterface

Parallel port

Serial port

USB port

Keyboard and mouse ports


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Popular connectors include: USB(universal serial bus)the most

popular means of connecting devices to a

computer. Serial connector usually has 9 holes but

may have 25, which fit into the correspondingnumber of pins in the port.

Parallel connector has 25 pins, which fitinto the corresponding holes in the port.


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IrDA (infrared data association)portsare for wireless devices that

work in essentially the same way as theremote control on your TV does.


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Radio Frequency Identification

RFIDTag and identify mobile objects

E.g., store merchandise, postal packages, petsUse RFID chips to transmit and receive radio signals

Chips half the size of a grain of sand

Passive chips:

do not have power source and derive power fromsignal in reader

Active chips:

Self-powered
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFIDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID


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RFID versus bar codes

RFID

Scan from greater distance

Can store dataAllows more information to be tracked

Privacy concerns due to invisible nature

RFID Controversy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFIDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID


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Additional Readings

www2.una.edu/compcenter/csglossary.htm

www.beginnerspc.com

Why do you think that Aviall failed in their implementation
http://www2.una.edu/compcenter/csglossary.htmhttp://www2.una.edu/compcenter/csglossary.htmhttp://www.beginnerspc.com/http://www.beginnerspc.com/http://www2.una.edu/compcenter/csglossary.htmhttp://www2.una.edu/compcenter/csglossary.htm


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Why do you think that Aviall failed in their implementationof an airplane parts and components inventorycontrol system? What could they have donedifferently?

Reasons why Aviall failed would include: The ERP system did not support adequatelyAvialls business strategies.

The ERP implemented did not improve the basicoperational support system needed by Aviall toprovide timely supply chain management.

The ERP system project did not adequatelyaddress the issue of systems integration betweenapplications.

The implementation of the ERP failed due toinadequate consideration of the magnitude of theproject.


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What Aviall could have done differently wouldinclude the following:

Project planning through the use of some

form of a systematic development process.Analysis of the business requirements prior tomaking decisions about the software toacquire for the ERP system.

Project management should have been ahigher consideration of Aviall.

How has information technology brought new business


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How has information technology brought new businesssuccess to Aviall? How did IT change Aviallsbusiness model?

How IT brought new business success for Aviall would include: System integrated by using common business databases managed by

databasesoftware from Sybase, Inc.

Designing the new combined system to properly access and deal withcustomized pricing charts for 17,000 customers who receive various typesof discounts, and with an inventory of 380,000 different aerospace parts.

Developing Aviall.com to reduce the cost per order from $9 per transactionto 39 cents.

Customers are able to transfer their orders from an Excel spreadsheetdirectly to the web site.

Customers have access to price and availability information in less than fiveseconds a real time feature.

Sales force spends more time developing customer relationships thanprocessing routine orders.

Aviall can better match production to demand from the IT improvements.

How IT changed Avialls business


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How IT changed Avialls businessmodel would include:

Changed Aviall from a catalog business to full-scale logistics business.

Aviall became a provider of supply chain

management services through the integrationof a range of Web-enabled e-business softwaresystems.

How could other companies use Avialls approach to the


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o cou d ot e co pa es use a s app oac to t euse of IT to improve their business success? Giveseveral examples.

Some Examples:

Reposition a firm as a supply chain

management services provider through Web-enabled e-business software systems.

Redesign the customer relationshipmanagement system to minimize the routine

order processing and permit the sales forceto focus on product and service developmentefforts that will grow revenue.

Lecture 2 Hardware FTF Aggarwal

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Transcript of Lecture 2 Hardware FTF Aggarwal