Lecture 1BActive Passive Voice

7/27/2019 Lecture 1BActive Passive Voice

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ACTIVE &

PASSIVE VOICE


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ACTIVE? PASSIVE?

The teacher scolds Kenny. ACTIVE

Kenny scolds the teacher. ?

Kenny ________ the teacher. PASSIVE


3/27

ACTIVE or PASSIVE?

Set 1 :

a) The teacher scolds Kenny.

b) Kenny scolds the teacher.

c) Kenny is scolded by the teacher.

Set 2 :

a) Alex prepares the report.b) The report prepares Alex.

c) The report is prepared by Alex.

ACTIVE

ACTIVE

ACTIVE

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

PASSIVE


4/27

Lets dissect these sentences

The teacher scolds Kenny.

Kennyscolds the teacher.

Kennyis scolded by the teacher.

SUBJECT

(doer)

OBJECT

(receiver)

SUBJECT

(doer)

OBJECT

(receiver)

SUBJECT

(RECEIVER)

OBJECT

(DOER)


5/27

When to use the active or passive?

Active?

- focus on the DOER (or agent) of action.

- subject performs action/acts

Passive?

- focus on the RECEIVER of action.

- subject receives action/is acted upon

- The subject of the active verb follows by

in a passive sentence.

- The noun that follows byis called an

agent


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Look at these sentences

Active : An accident happened on the highway

Passive: None

Active : Every year the Turks to shop at Langkawi.

Passive: None

Only transitive verbs (verbs that can be followedby an object) are used in the passives.

Not possible to use intransitive verbs (such ashappen. sleep, come, seem, agree, cry, exist,go, live, occur,rain,stay,walk)in the passive.


7/27

I went to the store yesterday

Jack sits in the corner when he reads.

NOT The corner is sat when Jack reads.

Peter arrived early.

NOT Early was arrived Peter.


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Identify the focus of each sentence below.

a) Japan makes the Honda cars.

b) The Honda cars are made in Japan.

d) Rice is grown in Thailand.

e) Thailand grows rice.


9/27

Sometimes, doer of action unimportant

In active voice, doer of action is placed at start ofsentence. In passive voice, doer can be hidden.

Examples:

a) Animal skin is used to make leather goods.

b) The houses are developed for the poor.

c) It is believed that if you cut your fingernails at

night, you will see ghosts.


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CHANGING ACTIVE TO PASSIVE

HOW?

Look at TENSES

Changes in verb forms

ACTIVE VERB to PASSIVE VERB


11/27

Forming Tenses of Passive Verbs

The passive voice always consists of two parts: a form of the verb "to be" + past

participle:

Tense Active Voice Passive Voice

Simple Present plays/drives is played/ driven

Present Continuous is playing/ driving is being played/ driven

Present prefect has played/has driven has been played/driven

Simple past played/ drove was played/ was driven

Past continuous was playing/ driving was being played/

driven

Past Perfect had played/driven had been played/driven

Future will play/ drive will be played/ driven


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SIMPLE PRESENT

is/are + past participle (pp.)

Tom eats the pear.

The pear______ by Tom.

Tom eats the pears.

The pears_______ by Tom.

present tense verb


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SIMPLE PAST

A) Tom ate the pear.

The pear_____ by Tom.

B)

Tom ate the pears.

The pears______ by Tom

was/were + pp.

past tense verb


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PRESENT CONTINUOUS

A) Tom is eating the pear.

The pear_______ by Tom.

B)

Tom is eating the pears.

The pears________ by Tom.

is/are + being + pp.

is/are +ing


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PAST CONTINUOUS

A) Tom was eating the pear.

The pear________ by Tom.

B)

Tom was eating the pears.

The pears________ by Tom.

was/were + being + pp.

was/were +ing


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PRESENT PERFECT

A)Tom has eaten the pear.

The pear has been eaten by Tom.

B)

Tom has eaten the pears.

The pears have been eaten by Tom.

has/have + been + pp.

has/have +pp.


17/27

PAST PERFECT

A) Tom had eaten the pear.

The pear________ by Tom.

B)

Tom had eaten the pears.

The pears_______ by Tom.

had + been + pp.

had +pp


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SIMPLE FUTURE

Tom will eat the pear. The pear will be eaten by Tom.

will + verb will + be+ pp.

going to + verb going to + be + pp.

Tom is going to eat the pear.

The pear__________ by Tom.

Tom is going to eat the pears. The pears___________ by Tom.


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FUTURE PERFECT

Tom will have eaten the pear. The pear will have been eaten by Tom.

will have + been + pp.

will have + pp


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MODAL VERBS

will

would

can

could shall

should

may

might

must

ought to


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MODAL VERBS

A) Tom should do the work.

The work_________ by Tom.

B)

Tom can do the work.

The work________ by Tom.

modal verb

(modal) + be + pp.


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MODAL PERFECT

A) Tom will have done the work.

The work will have been done by Tom.

B)

Tom must have made the mistake.

The mistake must have been made by Tom.

(modal) + have

(modal) + have +been + pp.


23/27

to?

A)

Tom is going to sing the song.

The song __________ by Tom.

B) The law ought to punish the criminals.

The criminals ought to be punished (by thelaw).

To +verb

to +be + pp.


24/27

Changing from Passive Voice to Active

PASSIVE VOICE AGENT/Doer CHANGED TO

ACTIVE VOICE

?

The leaders

?


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SUMMARY

ing (present participle) + being

have / has / had (perfect) + been modal / to + be


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To summarize

Active voice

It is used for most academic writing.

It clearly tells what the action is & whois performing the action.

It is shorter. (concise)

It is more direct, sincere. Better impacton receiver. Feels more trustworthy


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Passive voice

To emphasize an action / the recipient of theaction

To de-emphasize negative news

To conceal the doer of an action (anonymous)

To add variety

To avoid responsibility

To sound less direct. Wordier. Lesstrustworthy.

Lecture 1BActive Passive Voice

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Transcript of Lecture 1BActive Passive Voice