PSYCHOLOGY A brief history and introduction to the science of psychology.
Lecture 1_A Brief History of Psychology
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Transcript of Lecture 1_A Brief History of Psychology
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8/7/2019 Lecture 1_A Brief History of Psychology
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` Psychology is all around usA nd it is not only about abnormal behavior
` E ach of us is a psychologistW e observe, talk with others, and introspect
` W e all have lay beliefs of psychologyH ow do you define psychology?W hat do psychologists do?W hat sh ould psychologists focus on?
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` Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and themind
Psychology is a scie ncex E mpirical, theoretical, and applied psychologists
Psychology is the study of b ehavi or x A ny activity that can be observed, recorded, or measured
Psychology is the study of t he m i nd x C onscious and unconscious mental statesx Not observable, so inferred from behavior
Psychology is the science of mental life(James, 1890)
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` Psychology grew out of biology and philosophy
W hat is biology?
W hat is philosophy?
W hat is psychology?x Infers mental life through observing behavior
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` S ocrates (470-399 BCE )
` Plato and A ristotle
` H ippocrates (460-377 BCE )
` Galen (130-200 CE )H umor theory of personality
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` Ren Descartes (1596-1650)Dualismx T he body, but not the mind, can be studied scientifically
` T homas H obbes (1588-1679)M onismx Both the body and the mind can be studied scientifically
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` H ermann von H elmholtz (1821-1894)A diehard reductionist
` E mil Kraepelin (1856-1926)L ikened mental disorders to physical illness
` Jean C harcot (1825-1893)C ould cure nervous disorders with hypnosis
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` W ilhelm W undt (1879), University of L eipzig
F irst laboratory dedicated to thescientific study of the mind A toms of the mindM any famous studentsx G. S tanley H allx James M cKeen C attellx H ugo M nsterberg
` Psychology splits into different branchesS tructuralism, F unctionalism, the Gestalt A pproach, Behaviorism,Psychoanalysis
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` S tructuralismE dward Bradford T itchener x S tructural elements of the mindx Introspection as scientific method
x H ow used?x W hy unreliable?
` F unctionalismW illiam Jamesx Processes that underlie behavior, and why they evolved
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` T he rise of the unconsciousO rigins of psychoanalysisx S igmund F reud
` No longer only the science of mental lifeO rigins of behaviorismx E dward L . T horndikex Ivan Pavlovx John B. W atsonx B. F . S kinner
Psychology as a behaviorist views it is a purely objectiveexperimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is theprediction and control of behavior. ( W atson, 1913)
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` T he third force in psychologyO rigins of humanistic psychologyx A braham M aslowx C arl R ogers
` T he cognitive revolutionO rigins of cognitive psychologyx C ognition refers to the mental processes that intervene
between a stimulus and a response
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` Nature vs. Nurture` S imilarity vs. Distinctiveness` Inherently Good vs. Inherently E vil` R ational vs. Irrational` F ree W ill vs. Determinism` C onsistency vs. Variability in Behavior ` C onstancy vs. Development
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` Basic research
` A pplied research
`A helping professionC ounselors
C linical psychologistsPsychiatrists
` O pen and inclusive
` R efined research methods