Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010
description
Transcript of Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010
![Page 1: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 18Case Studies IIApril 6, 2010
![Page 2: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Biological and Physical Importance
• Diversity• Fisheries and leisure• Protection from storms• Endemic spp.
– Marshbirds
www.sunherald.com
![Page 3: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Threats to the Gulf
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Texas Louisiana Alabama Florida
37%
26% 26%
32%
Saltm
arsh
con
vert
ed to
ope
n w
ater
Pred
icte
d be
twee
n 20
00 -
2060
*Adapted from McFadden et al. 2007
![Page 4: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Life history characteristics
Thin as a rail
The Birds of North America
Coloration
Other attributes
![Page 5: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Purpose and Goals of Study
![Page 6: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
OCCUPANCY OF SELECT MARSH BIRDS WITHIN
TIDAL MARSHES OF THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO:
CURRENT ESTIMATES AND PROJECTED CHANGE
![Page 7: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Projections and Anticipations Study rationale
Loss of area
Loss of edge
Loss of interspersion
Increased saline incursionwww.flood.firetree.net
Current 1 m sea-level rise
![Page 8: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Marsh Bird Surveys: Methods
AL: 2004 -108 survey points
MS: 2005 -119 survey points
2 surveys per point
Species detected at < 100m
Least Bittern, Seaside Sparrow, Common Moorhen, Purple Gallinule, and Clapper Rail
![Page 9: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Landscape Features* Used GIS to Calculate % of landscape developed within
1000m of survey points
1000m
![Page 10: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
GIS for Landscape Features
INTERSPERSION
EDGE
AREA
JUNCUS
![Page 11: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Clapper Rail Occupancy
Naïve estimate 71% 64 – 78%
Covariate Mean 95% CI Direction
INTERSPERSION 2.48 0.72 – 4.24 +JUNCUS 8.98 3.86 – 14.1 +
INTERSPERSION JUNCUS
![Page 12: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Clapper Rail Response
What could this mean and why
Study caveats number of surveys area covered non-linear responses, etc.
![Page 13: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
VARIATION IN THE NESTING HABITS OF CLAPPER RAILS IN RESPONSE TO TIDAL MARSH
HABITAT
![Page 14: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
0 2 41
Kilometers
0 2 41
Kilometers
Focal Estuaries
Pascagoula Marsh Coastal Preserve
Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve
![Page 15: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Habitat DifferencesPascagoula
0 2 41
Kilometers
4500 ha
Hydrology – river-dominated
Habitats: Juncus roemerianus
Spartina alterniflora
Oligo to mesohaline (salinity range)
Unique (Odum, Wilson, Elueterius)
![Page 16: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Grand Bay
0 2 41
Kilometers
7000 ha
Hydrology – marine-dominated
Habitats: Juncus roemerianus
Spartina alterniflora
Meso to polyhaline (salinity range)
Unique (Odum, Wilson)
![Page 17: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Clapper Rail Nest Success
• Factors affecting nest success– Flooding / predation
• Why study nest success
• Why important – future trends
![Page 18: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nest data collection
• Nest location• Nest data collection• Veg data• Nest success
![Page 19: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Nests and Habitat
• Monitored 76 nests (54 at Pascagoula, 22 Grand Bay)
• Nest success loss was low (10 at Pascagoula, 5 at Grand Bay)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Pascagoula Grand BayPerc
ent n
est l
oss
to fl
oodi
ng
![Page 20: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nests and HabitatV
eget
atio
n he
ight
(cm
)
0
40
80
120
160Clapper Rail nests
Control points
0
400
800
1200
1600
Pascagoula Grand Bay
Stem
den
sity
(m2 )
Vegetation height
Stem density
![Page 21: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Nest success
Grand Bay PascagoulaNest survival 0.98, 0.96 to 0.99 0.99, 0.98 to 1.00
Effect of nest initiation date 0.0004, -0.01 to 0.01 0.01, 0.05 x 102 to 0.02
![Page 22: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CLAPPER RAIL DIET COMPOSITION AND EGG
RESOURCES VARY ACROSS TWO HYDROLOGICALLY DYNAMIC
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS
![Page 23: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Clapper Rail Diet
Baises in gut content analysis
Feeding studies
Assimilation relationships
Why is it important to study diet
![Page 24: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Stable Isotopes and Estuaries
Odum, W.E. 1988. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 19:147-176.
Juncus: C3Spartina: C4
Distinct Carbon Isotopic Signature
Spartina Juncus
-14 ‰ -26 ‰
![Page 25: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Isotopes and Tissues
pectoral muscle
Reflects diet over several weeks to months
liver
Reflects diet over several hours to days
egg yolk
Reflects diet over several hours to days
![Page 26: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Niche Breadth and Diet
13C (‰)
15 N
(‰)
Source A Source B
Source C
Population A
Population B
8
6
4
2
-27 -25 -23 -21 -19
![Page 27: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CollectionPascagoula Grand Bay
Species / Tissue n n
Clapper Rail
Egg yolk 28 8
Liver 5 6
Pectoral muscle 5 8
Spartina sp. 18 3
J. roemerianus 23 7
olive nerite 22 0
marsh periwinkle 8 8
ribbed mussel 2 8
common rangia 14 1
Tettigoniids (grasshoppers) 10 3
blue crab 3 3
gulf fiddler crab 14 8
![Page 28: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Estuarine Differences: Hydrology, Food web differences
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
0
25
50
75
100
Muscle
Liver
Egg yolk
Pascagoula
Grand Bay
![Page 29: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Trophic Niche Breadth
![Page 30: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Egg Yolk Lipids and Fiddler Crabs
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Fiddler crab burrows/0.5 m2
Prop
ortio
n of
lipi
ds in
egg
yol
ks
![Page 31: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Clapper Rails and Fiddler Crabs
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Grand Bay Pasc. Grand Bay Pasc. Grand Bay Pasc.2006 2007 2008
Estuary/year
010
2030
4050
![Page 32: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Fiddler Crab Life History
![Page 33: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Rain and Distributions
![Page 34: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Projected Precipitation Change
![Page 35: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Predicted Habitat Change
www.flood.firetree.net
Current 1 m sea-level rise
![Page 36: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
THE INFLUENCE THE INFLUENCE OF OF
ACID RAIN ON THE ACID RAIN ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PRODUCTIVITY OF PURPLE MARTINS: PURPLE MARTINS:
A CONTINENT-WIDE, MULTI-YEAR A CONTINENT-WIDE, MULTI-YEAR
PERSPECTIVEPERSPECTIVE
![Page 37: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Purple Martin
![Page 38: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
OutlineOutline• Acid Rain and Songbirds • Purple Martins
Methods
• Project Martinwatch • Precipitate Components • Soil pH
Results
• Acid Rain and Purple Martins
![Page 39: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Acid RainAcid Rain
Transportation 7%
Fuel Combustion 3%
Electrical Utilities 25%
Transportation 53%
Other 5%
Industrial Sources 12%
Fuel Combustion 5%
Other 8%
Electrical Utilities 67%
Industrial Sources 15%
SOSO22 Source USA 1998 Source USA 1998
NONO33 Source USA 1998 Source USA 1998
Abstracted from Environment Canada www. ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html
![Page 40: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Acid Rain and SongbirdsAcid Rain and Songbirds
www.courses.washington.edu/vertebra/453/photos/sk
![Page 41: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Environmental CalciumEnvironmental Calcium
M. Gillilland www.msu.edu/~gillilla/snailsofmich.html
![Page 42: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Acid Rain and Wood ThrushAcid Rain and Wood Thrush
Hames et al. 2002
![Page 43: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Purple MartinPurple Martin
![Page 44: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Project MartinwatchProject Martinwatch
![Page 45: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Locations for This StudyLocations for This Study
www.geographynetwork.comwww.geographynetwork.com
![Page 46: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
National Atmospheric Deposition National Atmospheric Deposition ProgramProgram
www. nadp.sws.uiuc.edu
![Page 47: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Soil pHSoil pH
WWW.STATSGO.COM
![Page 48: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Age EffectsAge Effects
![Page 49: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Adult Age EffectsAdult Age Effects
4.2
4.6
5
5.4
Bro
od S
ize
Bro
od S
ize
Male ASYMale ASY
Female ASYFemale ASY
Male ASYMale ASY
Female SYFemale SY
Male SYMale SY
Female ASYFemale ASY
Male SYMale SY
Female SYFemale SY
![Page 50: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
House TypeHouse Type
![Page 51: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
5.2
Wooden House
Plastic Gourd
Natural Gourd
Metal House
Effect of House TypeEffect of House TypeC
lutc
h or
Bro
od S
ize
Clu
tch
or B
rood
Siz
e EggsEggs
HatchedHatched
FledgedFledged
![Page 52: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Supplementary CalciumSupplementary Calcium
![Page 53: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Effects on Eggs and HatchlingsEffects on Eggs and Hatchlings
EffectEffect SESE
SOSO44 -0.14-0.14 0.0760.076
EggsEggs
HatchedHatched
EffectEffect SESESOSO44 -0.067-0.067 0.0380.038
~ Loss of 0.7 eggs / nest
![Page 54: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Influence of Acid RainInfluence of Acid Rain
![Page 55: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
HabitatHabitat
![Page 56: Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568167d1550346895ddd2316/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
What Does This Mean?What Does This Mean?
Area of eastern Canada expected to receive SO4 deposition above critical loads (kg ha-1y-1) in 2010, without further controls beyond provisions in the 1991 Canada-
U.S. Air Quality Agreement.
Area of eastern Canada expected to receive SO4 deposition above critical loads (kg ha-1y-1) with
targeted emission reductions of 50% in Ontario, 50% in Quebec, 30% in New Brunswick, 25% in
Nova Scotia and 60% in the United States