Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering...
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Transcript of Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering...
![Page 1: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II
EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering
Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13
![Page 2: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
EXAM GRADES
![Page 3: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Quiz III Grades
![Page 4: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Midterm Grades
• Midterm I– Average: C+– 25% - B+– 50% - B-– 75% - C-
• Midterm II– Average: B– 25% - A– 50% - B– 75% - C
![Page 5: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Midterm II Grades
![Page 6: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Midterm I & II Grades
![Page 7: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Course Grades
• Average: A-• 25% - A• 50% - A-• 75% - B
![Page 8: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Course Grades
![Page 9: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Importance of Trust
• Sarbanes-Oxley Act• HIPAA• California Proposition 11• FISMA• Massachusetts
201 CMR 17.00
Over 10,000 regulations
![Page 11: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Users expect data to be stored indefinitely…
![Page 12: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reliability
• What responsibilities do we have as engineers to preserve information?
• Should we be liable if our systems fail in these ways?
• What limits should there be to liability?• Can a system ever be fully reliable?• What responsibility do we have to report the
limits to our systems reliability?
![Page 13: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
High Frequency Trading
• Algorithmic trading, seeks to exploit small differences in prices, millions of programs running
• How do they interact?• How does something
written by Company Aaffect somethingwritten by Company B?
![Page 14: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
High Frequency Trading
• 2010 Flash Crash – largest intraday point loss– Losses recovered in minutes, but scared regulatory
bodies• US SEC and CFTC
consluded that HFTcontributed to thevolatility.
![Page 15: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
High Frequency Trading
• SEC and FTC stated – “market makers and other liquidity providers widened their quote spreads, reduced liquidity, and withdrew from the market”
• Some signal set offtheir algorithms,caused a jointmovement whichhelped cause the crash
![Page 16: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
High Frequency Trading
• What responsibility do we have to prevent disasters?
• What happens when our duty to our employer might conflict?
• How do we weighour responsibilities?
![Page 17: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The broader world is complex
• Critical thinking• Awareness of situations and consequences• Working with regulators, and employers• Maintaining integrity
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Resistors
• What do the bands mean?
![Page 20: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ohm’s Law
• Resistance, Voltage, and Current are related…
• V –• I – • R –
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POWER!!!
• P = V I• V = I R, so…
– P = (I R) I = I^2 R• I = V/R, so…
– P = V (V/R) = V^2/R
![Page 22: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Diodes
![Page 23: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Diodes
![Page 24: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
LED
• Light Emitting Diode– Diode that emits light
(fancy that!)– Low power, bright– Come in various colors
• Using LEDs– Use in correct
orientation– Use a current limiting
resistor!!!
![Page 25: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
LED History
• Invented in 1962 by Dr. Nick Holonyak while at General Electric
• Dr. Craford (Dr. Holonyak’s student) invented the first colored LED
• First LEDs produced by Monsanto Company in 1968
![Page 26: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
LEDs
![Page 27: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
LEDs
![Page 28: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
LEDs
![Page 29: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Semiconductors
• Electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator
• Conductivity increases with temperature
• P-type semiconductor– Excess holes
• N-type semiconductor– Excess free electrons
• “Doping” sets these properties
![Page 30: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Doping
• Not just for the Tour de France!
• Introduce impurities– Gallium Arsenic gas very popular
• Grow silicon in an environment with the impurities in certain concentrations
![Page 31: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
LEDs
![Page 32: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
P-Type?
HOLES!
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N-Type?
FREE ELECTRONS!
![Page 34: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
P-Type?
HOLES!
![Page 35: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
N-Type?
FREE ELECTRONS!
![Page 36: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
LEDs
![Page 37: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Semiconductors
• Both P and N junctions are relatively conductive… under the right circumstances
• Junctions get depleted of charge
![Page 38: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
LEDs
![Page 39: Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e555503460f94b4bc56/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
LEDs
• Often used as indicator lights• More recently for
– TVs– Flash lights– Light bulbs– Jumbo-tron displays