Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed...
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Transcript of Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed...
![Page 1: Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator (predicate verb)](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022100417/56649ec95503460f94bd6f38/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 14 & Lecture 15Passive Voice
1. Active sentence and passive sentence
As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator (predicate verb) is active is called an “active sentence”, and a sentence/clause whose predicator is passive is called a “passive sentence”.
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The subject in the active sentence is the agent or doer of an action, and in the passive the recipient of the action.
![Page 3: Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator (predicate verb)](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022100417/56649ec95503460f94bd6f38/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1) Rules change into the passive Most of the SVO / SVoO / SVOC patter
ns can be made passive.
![Page 4: Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator (predicate verb)](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022100417/56649ec95503460f94bd6f38/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2) Voice constraints Not all the active sentences can be m
ade passive. Some transitive or stative verbs do not occur in the passive:
This plane holds about 150 people. These students lacked experience.
![Page 5: Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator (predicate verb)](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022100417/56649ec95503460f94bd6f38/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Transitive verbs with reflexive or reciprocal objects do not passivize:
He hurt himself when he fell from the ladder.
We should help each other.
![Page 6: Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator (predicate verb)](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022100417/56649ec95503460f94bd6f38/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Some “verb + noun” combination, which have the force of an intransitive verb, can never take the passive:
The medicine soon take effect. The plant will soon take root.
![Page 7: Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator (predicate verb)](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022100417/56649ec95503460f94bd6f38/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• 2. Passive voice of phrasal verbs 1) Passive voice of basic phrasal
verbs 2) Passive voice of “verb + noun +
preposition”
![Page 8: Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator (predicate verb)](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022100417/56649ec95503460f94bd6f38/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• 3. Passive voice of non-finite verbs
1) Passive infinitive 2) Passive –ing participle 3) Contrast between passive infinitive and passive –ing participle
![Page 9: Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator (predicate verb)](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022100417/56649ec95503460f94bd6f38/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• 5. Passive construction and passive meanings 1) Contrast between English and Chinese passives 2) Active constructions expressing passive meanings 3) Passive constructions or “linking verb
+ complement” constructions
![Page 10: Lecture 14 & Lecture 15 Passive Voice 1.Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator (predicate verb)](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022100417/56649ec95503460f94bd6f38/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
•4. Uses of passive sentences
1) Cases where the passive is used
2) Two related types of passive sentences
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Assignment
Exercise in the Textbook