Lecture # 12 & 13Chapter 11 Human Resource Management

HRM FrameworkHRM: management functions concerned with attracting, maintaining and developing people in employment relationship.Unions: membership groups formed to represent employees and negotiate collective agreements with management, determining terms and conditions of employment.HR planning: determining future human resource needs in relation to an organizations business objectives or strategic plan.

HRM FrameworkIdentify HR needsAttract human resourcesMaintain resourcesTerminate the relationship (if necessary)

Job AnalysisJob analysis: is a systematic way of collecting and recording information about the purpose of a job, its major duties, conditions, required contacts and the knowledge, skills and abilities needed to effectively perform it.Job description: what a job entailsJob specifications: skills, abilities, education, and previous work experience.

Job analysis can help improve the following:Recruitment and selection: through JD and job specification.Performance appraisal: performance baseline is developed which helps to gauge performance.Remuneration: compare ones job in relation to the market and other employees.Training and development: helps in later development opportunities.

Methods of Job AnalysisInformation can be collected by interviewsObservationStructured questionnairesEmployee journals

RecruitmentRecruitment is the process of finding and attracting job candidates capable of effectively filling job vacancies.3 objectives within HRM function:To increase the pool of job applicants at minimal cost.To ensure the organization complies with legislative requirements.To improve the overall selection process.

Methods of RecruitmentInternal promotions low cost and improves moraleAdvertisementsEmployee referralsEmployment agencies useful for low skilled or temporary fills, low costExecutive recruitment hunts out senior management replacementsCampus interviewsContractors temporary

SelectionSelection process is the decision-making system used to identify which job applicants are best suited for the vacant post.Selection Devices:Application formsWritten testsSelection interviews

RemunerationRemuneration: is the financial payment to employees in return for their work.

Training & DevelopmentTraining: process of equipping people with skills and competencies in a systematic manner.Development: to broadly prepare the employees for future opportunities.

Organizations have 3 choices in employee selsection:They can select employees who have the skills and competencies.They can select employees who have the ability to acquire those skills.They can have a mixture of the two.

Performance appraisalIt is a process of appraising the job performance of employees.Clark (1992) identified 5 reasons for appraising:To mould employee behavior in accordance with company normsTo enhance consistency between employee actions and corporate goals.To improve quality of HR planningTo improve quality of salary reviewsTo provide a record in cases of dismissal, demotion, or grievance.

Performance appraisal MethodsObservationsDemonstrationPen and paper tests and essaysOral testsProjectsComputer-based assessments

360-degree feedback360-degee feedback begins with the belief that it is essential to receive feedback not only from immediate supervisor but from peers and subordinates too.

Internet: global connection of computer servers interconnected by telecommunication systems through which an individual can access stored information from their own pc or laptop and modem.Intranet: closed networks of information databases and systems within an organization.Extranet: closed networks of information systems between a group of organizations.

Terminating the Employment RelationshipRetrenchment: forced termination due to financial, technological or organizational circumstances, often reflecting an attempt by an employer to reduce labor costs in order to remain in business.Redundancy: forced termination resulting from the permanent deletion of specific positions within an organization due to the positions no longer being required.

Dismissal: the employer giving the required notice to terminate the employment relationship.