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SIE 509 – Principles of GIS

Connie HoldenOffice: Rm 134 Boardman

Phone: 581-3952Email: cholden@maine.edu

constance.holden@umit.maine.edu

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Lecture 1Course Introduction

andIntroduction to GIS

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TextGIS Fundamentals (4th Ed.)Paul BolstadEider PressWhite Bear Lake, Minnesota2012

ISBN: 978-0-9717647-3-6

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Software• Distance students need to purchase ArcGIS for

Home Use• http://www.esri.com/arcgis-for-home/index.html.

• The price is $100 for a 12-month license. – Download vs. CD ($25)

• On campus students have access to the program in the SIE lab, but may also choose to purchase a copy.

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COURSE OBJECTIVES:

• This is an introductory course designed to provide the student with:– An overview of the development and basic

principles of geographic information systems.– Practical experience in the use of ArcGIS 10.x (one

of the most popular commercial GIS packages).– The implementation of a GIS project using available

data.

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Online Course Materials

• Course Materials: http://umaine.edu/computingcoursesonline

• Live Broadcast: Available at http://meet.maine.edu/sie509/

• Online students may view and participate in the live sessions but are not required to do so.

• Archived Broadcasts: Links to the class broadcasts are made available at the end of each day through the Lectures link for this course.

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Topics• Introduction to GIS• Spatial Data• Data Models• Data Collection• Digital Data Sources• Data Input and Editing• Database Management• Data Analysis

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Topics (continued)

• Analytical Modeling• Data Quality Issues• GIS Project Development will be integrated

through out the semester

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Assignments• Labs

– Eight to 10 lab exercises.– Lab exercises have differing point values (25-50

Points), depending upon the length and difficulty of the exercise.

• Project– The project should be implemented using GIS

software. – The project can be related to your research, or be

on another topic of interest.

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Project Examples• Small Scale Variation of Atlantic Cod in Inshore

Gulf of Maine• Analysis of Maine Moose & Automobile Crashes • A Geographic Analysis of Drug Abuse Offenses in

Northern New England• A Geographic Analysis of Applications for

Admission to UM• Creation of a map and database of the Orono bike

trails• Changes in UM green space over time

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• Access to Facilities among Bangor’s Low Income Population

• Mapping China’s Long March• An Analysis of Campus Crime and the

Placement of Blue Lights.• Mapping the Fay Hyland Botanical Garden• The Joys and Sorrows of Geocoding• Landslides along the Maine Coast• Glacial geology in Miers Valley, Antarctica• ATM Locations in Bangor

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Project Dates

• Proposal – Sept. 24• List of data files and their source – Oct. 15• Data dictionary – Nov. 12• Oral presentations begin – Dec. 8• Final report and CD with project – Dec. 17

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Exams• There are two exams scheduled:

– Exam 1 - Oct. 20– Exam 2 – Dec. 3

Grading•Lab exercises 25%•Exams (2) 25% each•Project 25%

•Plus and minus grading will be used.

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L1 – An Introduction to GIS

Chapter 1

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What does GIS stand for?

• Geographic(Geography)

• Information

• System

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What is a Geographic Information System?

• Geographic Information System (GIS) – A computer-based system for the collection, storage, organization, maintenance, and analysis of spatially-referenced data, and the output of spatially-referenced information.– Data – Any collection of related facts; the basic elements

of information.– Information - Data that have been processed to be

useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions

• Information can only come from accurate data (GIGO).

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GIS Software Tools(the frustrating part)

GIS started at universities as research tools – Harvard, Yale, Minnesota, Clark UniversityGIS software have evolved to robust (sort of) toolscapable of a wide variety of tasks

Primary flavorsESRI (ArcGIS) Intergraph

Microimages Autocad MapInfo

ERDAS Idrisi Manifold

GRASS GeoMedia

Malarial Deaths per 10,000 People

Lecture 1http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/microsites/gmap/3-2.html 18

Database

Map of Syrian Refugees

Lecture 1http://reliefweb.int/map/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-refugees-region-20-january-2014 20

The Search For Patterns• Displaying spatial data on a map allows us to search for patterns.• Mapping the Spread of Ebola

Lecture 1http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28755033 21

The Power of GIS

• The interaction between the database and the map, along with the ability to create graphs.

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What are the components of a GIS?

We understand GIS to be computer facilitated system

But it is NOT only software andhardware

Also includes:•Data – both spatial and aspatial•Trained personnel•Supporting Institution•Protocols for use

Data for a GIS

• Spatial data – you can attach coordinate information.

• 2D maps (X,Y)

Lecture 1http://www.mappery.com/map-of/Hong-Kong-Hotel-Map-2 24

3D –Maps (X,Y,Z)

Lecture 1https://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/4112874847 25

4D Maps – (X,Y,Z & T)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxDyJ_6N-6A

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What types of data are used in a GIS?• Coordinate data• Connection information • Descriptive information• Temporal information• Images• Documents• URL’s

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What types of questions can be answered by a GIS?

• Where are particular features found?• What geographic patterns exist?• Where have changes occurred over a specified

time period?• Where do certain conditions apply?• What will be the implications if an organization

takes a certain action?

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GIS allows us to abstract information from the physical world and display it in layers or themes. It allows us to:

• Input and edit both spatial and attribute data.

• Display data on a screen or print a map.

• Analyze the data for making decisions.

• Create models and ask “what if”.

How does a GIS answer spatial questions?

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How is spatial data represented in a GIS?

Vectors• Points, Lines &

Areas/Polygons

Raster• Grids/Tesselations

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What is difference between a database management system and a database?

• A database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications.

• A database is an integrated collection of data records, files, and other objects

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_management_system

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Applications of GIS• Urban Planning, Management & Policy

• Zoning, subdivision planning• Land acquisition• Economic development• Code enforcement• Housing renovation programs• Emergency response• Crime analysis• Tax assessment

• Environmental Sciences• Monitoring environmental risk• Modeling storm water runoff• Management of watersheds, floodplains, wetlands, forests, aquifers• Environmental Impact Analysis• Hazardous or toxic facility siting• Groundwater modeling and contamination tracking

•Political Science• Redistricting• Analysis of election results• Predictive modeling

Civil Engineering/UtilityLocating underground facilitiesDesigning alignment for freeways, transitCoordination of infrastructure maintenance

BusinessDemographic AnalysisMarket Penetration/ Share AnalysisSite Selection

Education Administration Attendance Area Maintenance Enrollment Projections School Bus Routing

Real EstateNeighborhood land pricesTraffic Impact AnalysisDetermination of Highest and Best Use

Health CareEpidemiology Needs Analysis Service Inventory

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Applications of GIS (cont’d)•Political Science

• Redistricting• Analysis of election results• Predictive modeling

Health CareEpidemiology Needs Analysis Service Inventory

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GIS Before ComputersCholera Map of Dr. John Snow (UK 1850s)

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There’s Another GIS/GISc

• Geographic Information Science– comprehending the underlying conceptual issues

of representing data and processes in space-time– the science (or theory and concepts) behind the

technology

• GI Science is the focus of the research in this department.

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DEMO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isVD8u6WrG4

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Assignment – Chapter 1 of Text