Lecture 10. Wednesday, September 17.
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Transcript of Lecture 10. Wednesday, September 17.
Lecture 10.Wednesday, September 17.
1.Biogeography - Why do things occur where they do? Needlefish
distribution is strongly influenced by temperature
Needlefish distribution is strongly influenced by temperature.Occur
in water above 23.9C. However - not all species occur in all
places. Gondwanaland Distribution Example 1 - Cichlids Gondwanaland
Distribution Example 2 - Characiformes Gondwanaland Distribution
Example 3 - Osteoglossids Lungfishes Distribution thought to
reflect Gondwana connections of southern continents One the classic
examples of supports the Gondwanaland super-continent Lauratian
Distribution Example #1 - Percidae Lauratian Distribution Example
#2 - Esocidae Cypriniformes, Catostomidae
13 genera 70 species Lauratian Distribution Example #3 -
Cypriniformes
53 genera 286 species Gondwanaland Distribution Example 1 -
Cichlids Cichlidae - 900 species in African rift lakes = species
flocks
L. Victoria In NA Great Lakes, 230 total speices - all
orders/families Evolve when a new habitat with open niches is
invaded In this case these lakes formed, there were no fish in
them, once a single type of fish moved there was explosive
speciation Molecular Clock Data Indicate that Cichlids diverged
after breakup of Gondwanaland Group Activity #1 -Draw the
phylogenetic tree & distinguishing
traits for: group a - Myxiniformes, Gnathostomata, Chondrichthyes,
Osteichthyes group b - Petromyzontiformes, Elasmobranchii,
Holocephali, Sarcopterygii, Actinopterygii group c -
Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Sarcopterygii, Actinopterygii group d
- Myxiniformes, Petromyzontiformes, Chondrichthyes, Sarcopterygii
Group Activity #3 - Design a dichotomous key that would allow one
to distinguish these groups
For example . . . Step 1 - lacks vertebrae--> Myxiniformes if
not --> go to step 2 Step 2 - lacks jaws -->
Petromyzontiformes if not --> go to step 3 Review Questions:
1.Distinguish between the Intrinsic Limitations hypothesis versus
the Vicariance hypothesis for the distribution of fish.What
assumptions do each make concerning dispersal? 2.List 2 major
geological factors that can affect fish distributions.How does
glaciation affect fish distribution? 3.List 4 taxa that show a
Gondwanaland distribution.Which ones have clear-cut fossil
support?List 3 taxa that show a Lauration distribution. 4.What were
the 3 hypotheses for explaining the distribution of cichlids?What
evidence is there to support (or reject) each one?How did
scientists calibrate a molecular clock for cichlids?How did they
use it to estimate the origin of cichlids?Do you think it likely
that cichlids migrated between Africa & South America?What is
neutral DNA? 5.Speculate on the relative roles of vicariance versus
dispersal for marine versus freshwater fish.Do you think their
relative importance differs between saltwater and freshwater
fish?What evidence does your book present on this matter?