Lecture 1 Hist Fall 2014
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Transcript of Lecture 1 Hist Fall 2014
Course Specifications
a-Overall aims of course By the end of the course, the students should be able to:
1-Demonstrate knowledge of the history of engineering
2-Demonstrate the various historical periods and the characteristics of each period.
B- Intended learning outcomes of course (ILOs) Knowledge and understanding:
A1-Recognize the meaning of engineering
A2-Define the different engineering periods
A3-recognize historic innovations
i. Project description:
Each project consists of 1 or 2 students as a group
Each group will present one common hard copy paper and one common presentation
Each group must get the approval of the professor on their selected topic
ii. Project dead lines:
Issue date: Feb. 8th, 2015
Presentations: During regular classes after submitting the hard copy.
Delivery of the hard copy to the research center: Mar 12th, 2015
Delivery of the soft copy on the CD to the research center: May 7th ,2015
iii. The project paper includes the following parts:
Literature survey: the students will conduct literature survey using the available references such as: Reference books, internet sites, etc.
A summary of the literature survey to be written.
A description for the topic, functional diagram, main components, theory of operation, applications, and future advances.
Conclusion
List of references
Assignment Deliverables and Assessment:
Hard copy of the research paper from 7 to 10 pages, single space, font 14. In addition the assignment cover page with all required information will include. (15 points)
One power point presentation for each group. (20 points)
6
Category Points Description
Introduction 2 Give a strong introduction of topic with extensive coverage of
relevant literature review
Content
knowledge 5 Paper reflects a sophisticated understanding of chosen topic
Organization 2 Method of organization is not only clear, but also well suited
to the topic
Format 2 Mechanical errors may be present, but are rare.
Conclusion 2 Conclusion is engaging and restates the paper’s
References 2 The paper is including the research references
Total 15
7
Rubrics for Research paper:
References
• Course notes: Hard copies of all the power
points presented in class by instructor are
made available to the students
• A. Harms, B Baetx, and R. Volt, Engineering
in time, Imperial collage Press, 2004.
10
Part B: History of Engineering
1. Prehistoric Engineering (∼106 BP→∼104 BP)
2. Ancient Engineering (∼8000 BCE→∼500 CE)
3. Medieval Engineering (∼500 CE→∼1400)
4. Renascent Engineering (∼1400→∼1800)
11
Part B: History of Engineering
5. Expansive Engineering (∼1800→∼1940)
6. Modern Engineering (∼1940→∼1990)
7. Contemporary Engineering (∼1990→∼2000+)
Presentation Outlines
• Define art, science and engineering
• The earliest civil engineer
• The development of civilizations and eras
ART Art is a term that describes a diverse range of
human activities and the products of those
activities.
It refers to the visual arts, which cover the
creation of images or objects in fields
including painting, sculpture, printmaking,
photography, and other visual media.
*Architecture is often introduced as one of
the visual arts
Types of Modern Art
• Static Art: or fixed Art like painting, sculpture,
printmaking, photography
• Dynamic Art: or moved Art like Music,
theatre, film, dance, Drama and other
performing arts
Detail of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa
SCIENCE
• Science (from Latin scientia, meaning
"knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that
builds and organizes knowledge in the form of
testable explanations and predictions about the
universe.
• The Science as tree its root is the Scientific
research and its fruits are the Theories and
Discoveries
Theories and Discoveries Improve the
human life
What are the aims of the science and engineering……?
A comparison between the science and
engineering………………………..
Table (1) the Aims and Basic operations of the science and engineering
The Aim Basic operations
Science (To Know)
Search for knowledge and theories to know and understand the universe
-The discovery of theories by using experiments - Analysis to find the suitable design - Ask why? - Experimental Design -Logical skills
Engineering (To work)
Innovation systems, equipment and check the needs of society
-Innovation – design – Production - Analysis – Imagine –deriving - test – planning - Communication skills - problem solving
Engineering • Engineering is the discipline, skill, and profession of
acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.
(from Latin Ingenious, meaning “engine")
• The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD) has defined "engineering" as:
The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop
structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation or safety to life and property.
• Engineering represents creative thought and skilled actions associated with the use or adaptation of natural materials and natural phenomena in the conceptualizing, planning, designing, developing, manufacture, testing, implementing, improving, and disposing of devices.
The Engineering History
• The earliest civil engineer known by
name is (IMHOTEP امنحتب)
He probably designed and supervised the
construction of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara in
Egypt around 2630-2611 BC
• Ancient Greece developed machines in both the civilian and military domains.
• The Engineering word was found at 18th century by JON SEMITON to build the Lighthouse.
• Then the engineering and engineer word is used in industrial revolution
The development of civilizations and
eras
• The names of civilizations and eras:
1. Civilization of Ancient Egypt 2. Mesopotamian civilization 3. Civilization of India
4. Civilization of China
5. Civilization of Greece
6. Civilization of Rome
7. Civilization of Islam
8. Civilization of Europe
• This Civilizations can be divided according to the historical times:
1. Ancient era (from 4000 until 450 BC) 2. Renaissance era (from 450 BC until 1400) 3. Modern era (from 1400 until now) • Also it can be divided according to the materials
of engineering used: 1. Stone Age 2. Copper Age 3. Bronze Age 4. Iron Age 5. The era of machines
Th
e er
a
The old Stone Age
80,000BC-14,000BC
Middle
Stone Age
14,000
BC-
7000BC
The
modern
Stone Age
7000Bc-
6000Bc
Copper
Age
6000-BC-
4000BC
Bronze
Age
4000BC-
2000BC
Iron Age
2000BC-
450
The era of
machines
The
mo
st im
po
rtan
t d
isti
ngu
ish
ing
feat
ure
sا
lowermost Middle uppermost The use of clothing
Food Cooking
Building huts
Boating industry
The developm-
ent of hunting
tools
Agriculture
Animal Husbandry
Pottery
Spinning and
weaving industry
Knowledge of
Minerals
Mining
Copper extraction
The emergence
of civilizations
original
Discovery of
America
The emergence of modern machines Manufacture of
Tools from stone
Industry arrows of
war
Knowledge of fire
Housing caves
Wearing leather
Cutlery
Drills and pig
industry
Fishing
Food Cooking
The use of clothing