Lecture 1 computer fundamentals
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Transcript of Lecture 1 computer fundamentals
1
How is a computer defined?
Produces and stores results
Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Processes data into informationinformation
Conveys meaning and isuseful to people
Accepts datadataCollection of unprocessed items
What is the information processing cycle?
Input Process Output Storage Communication
What is an input device?
Device used to enter dataand instructions
What is an output device?
device that conveys information to one or morepeople
What is the system unit?
Case that containsthe electronic components of the computer that are used to process data
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Computing systems are dynamic!
What is the difference between hardware and software?
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Hardware The physical elements of a computing system (printer, circuit boards, wires, keyboard…)
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Software The programs that provide the instructions for a computer to execute
What's the beauty of computing?
???
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Compute the value of the following eq.
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When y = 2 When y = 9
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Write steps to guess a number between 1 & 100?Write steps to determine whether the number is even or odd?Write steps to determine if the number is divisible by 3 without dividing (you can
only use addition & subtraction)
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Write steps to determine whether the number is prime?
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CommunicationApplication
Operating SystemProgramming
HardwareInformation
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Abstraction A mental model that removes complex details
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Abacus An early device to record numeric values Mechanical MachinesAble to add & subtract
Mechanical Devices Mechanical device to add, subtract, divide & multiply
Punch card Loom
Analytical EngineMemoryInput
Ada AugustaFirst Programmer, the loop
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Alan TuringTuring Machine, Artificial Intelligence Testing ENIACGeneral purpose high speed computer
UNIVAC IFirst commercial computer and was able to make prediction.
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Machine LanguageComputer programs were written in binary (1s and 0s)
Assembly Languages and translatorsPrograms were written in artificial programming languages and were then translated into machine language
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High Level LanguagesUse English-like statements and make programming easier. Fortran, COBOL, Lisp are examples.
High-LevelLanguages
Assembly LanguageMachine
Language
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Application PackageSystems Software
High-Level LanguagesAssembly Language
Machine Language
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Structured ProgrammingPascal, C, C++
New Application Software for UsersSpreadsheets, word processors, database management systems
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MicrosoftThe Windows operating system, and other Microsoft application programs dominate the market
Object-Oriented DesignBased on a hierarchy of data objects (i.e. Java)
World Wide WebAllows easy global communication through the Internet
New UsersToday’s user needs no computer knowledge
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Programmer / User
Applications Programmer(uses tools)
User with No Computer Background
Systems Programmer(builds tools)
Domain-Specific Programs
What can be (efficiently) automated?
Four Necessary Skills1. Algorithmic Thinking2. Representation3. Programming4. Design
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Is Computer Science a mathematical, scientific, or engineering discipline?
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What do you think?
Algorithms and Data StructuresProgramming LanguagesArchitectureOperating SystemsSoftware Methodology and EngineeringHuman-Computer Communication
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Numerical and Symbolic ComputationDatabases and Information RetrievalArtificial Intelligence and RoboticsGraphicsOrganizational InformaticsBioinformatics
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