Lecture 1-Axis & Planes

7/23/2019 Lecture 1-Axis & Planes

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INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMYINTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY

DrDr : SUHAIL KARIM: SUHAIL KARIMBSPT, PPDPTBSPT, PPDPT

Shifa Tameer-E Millat UniversityShifa Tameer-E Millat University

IslamabadIslamabad

2STMU DPT 1st Semester (General

Anatomy)


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Topics of DiscussionTopics of DiscussionDEFINITIONDEFINITIONSUBDIVISIONS OF ANATOMY SUBDIVISIONS OF ANATOMY IMPORTANT TERMSIMPORTANT TERMS

ANATOMICAL POSITION ANATOMICAL POSITION ANATOMICAL PLANES n! SECTIONS ANATOMICAL PLANES n! SECTIONS ANATOMICAL PLANES ANATOMICAL PLANES ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONSBODY CAVITIESBODY CAVITIES

SURFACE RE"IONSSURFACE RE"IONSMOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS

#HIPLASH in$u%& #HIPLASH in$u%&


Anatomy)


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DEFINITIONDEFINITION Anatomy is the branch of biological Anatomy is the branch of biological

sciences which deals with the form,sciences which deals with the form,

structure function and relationshistructure function and relationshi

of various tissues, organs and organof various tissues, organs and organ

systems of living beings!systems of living beings!


Anatomy)


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ANATOMYStudy of structure and

functions

Histology EmbryologyGross Anatomy


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Subdivisions of AnatomySubdivisions of Anatomy

"ross Anatomy"ross Anatomy Surface AnatomySurface Anatomy #linical Anatomy#linical Anatomy A lied Anatomy A lied Anatomy #adaver Anatomy#adaver Anatomy

#om arative Anatomy#om arative Anatomy Microsco ic Anatomy or $istologyMicrosco ic Anatomy or $istology %evelo mental Anatomy or Embryology%evelo mental Anatomy or Embryology


Anatomy)


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EMBRYOLO"Y EMBRYOLO"Y

Also called Also calleddevelo mentaldevelo mentalanatomy!anatomy!It is the study ofIt is the study of

renatalrenataldevelo mentaldevelo mentalchanges in anchanges in anindividual!individual!


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HISTOLO"Y HISTOLO"Y

The study ofThe study of

structure withstructure with

the aid ofthe aid of

microsco e!microsco e!


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Hu' n n (o'& is ()* sci*nc*Hu' n n (o'& is ()* sci*nc* +)ic) !* s +i() ()* s(%uc(u%* of +)ic) !* s +i() ()* s(%uc(u%* of()* )u' n -o!& ()* )u' n -o!&

T)* (*%' n (o'& is !*%i.*! f%o'T)* (*%' n (o'& is !*%i.*! f%o'()* "%**/ +o%! 0 n (o'*1 +)ic)()* "%**/ +o%! 0 n (o'*1 +)ic)'* ns (o cu(2'* ns (o cu(2


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CADAVERIC ANATOMY CADAVERIC ANATOMY

Is studied on deadIs studied on deadbodies usuallybodies usuallywith the na&edwith the na&edeye!eye!

Two a roachesTwo a roachesare made in thisare made in thisanatomy one isanatomy one isregional andregional and

other is systemic!other is systemic!


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R*3ionR* 3ion'ody is studied in arts li&e U er (imb,'ody is studied in arts li&e U er (imb,

(ower (imb, Thora), Abdomen, $ead and *ec& (ower (imb, Thora), Abdomen, $ead and *ec&


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SystemicSystemic'ody is studied in systems li&e musculos&eletal'ody is studied in systems li&e musculos&eletalsystem, cardiovascular System, *ervous system,system, cardiovascular System, *ervous system,


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LIVIN" ANATOMY LIVIN" ANATOMY

Is studied on livingIs studied on living

human by inspectionhuman by inspection

palpation pe!cussion palpation pe!cussion

auscultation endoscopauscultation endoscop

y!adiog!aphy andy!adiog!aphy and

elect!omyog!aphy"elect!omyog!aphy"


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SURFACE ANATOMYSURFACE ANATOMYIs the study o# deepe! pa!t o# the body in !elation to the s$inIs the study o# deepe! pa!t o# the body in !elation to the s$insu!#ace it is help#ul in clinical p!actice and in su!gical ope!ations"su!#ace it is help#ul in clinical p!actice and in su!gical ope!ations"


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RADIO"RAPHIC OR IMA"IN"RADIO"RAPHIC OR IMA"IN" ANATOMY ANATOMY

The study of bones and dee er organs by lain orThe study of bones and dee er organs by lain or

contrast radiogra hy by ultrasounds and #T Scans!contrast radiogra hy by ultrasounds and #T Scans!


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APPLIED ANATOMY APPLIED ANATOMY %eals with the a lication of anatomical%eals with the a lication of anatomical

&nowledge to the medical and surgical ractice!&nowledge to the medical and surgical ractice!


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E4PERIMENTAL ANATOMY E4PERIMENTAL ANATOMY Is the study of factors whichIs the study of factors whichin+uences and determine the form,in+uences and determine the form,structure and function of di erentstructure and function of di erent

arts of the body!arts of the body!


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IMPORTANT TERMSIMPORTANT TERMS %!oss Anatomy%!oss Anatomy

&ystemic&ystemic

RegionalRegional &ystems&ystems

%ast!ointestinal%ast!ointestinal

Ca!diovascula! Ca!diovascula!

Respi!ato!yRespi!ato!y

%enitou!ina!y%enitou!ina!y

Musculos$eletalMusculos$eletal

Integumenta!yIntegumenta!y

'ymphatic'ymphatic

19STMU DPT 1st Semester (General Anatomy)


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Anatomical PositionAnatomical Position(e!son stands e!ect(e!son stands e!ect

)eet #lat on #loo! )eet #lat on #loo!

A!ms at sidesA!ms at sides

(alms eyes * #ace #acing #o!+a!d(alms eyes * #ace #acing #o!+a!d



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Forearm PositionsForearm PositionsSu ineSu ine

alms face forwardsalms face forwardsor u wardsor u wardsradius ulna areradius ulna are

arallelarallel

.rone.ronealms face bac&wardalms face bac&ward

or downwardor downwardradius ulna areradius ulna arecrossedcrossed



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ANATOMICA P ANES and SECTIONSANATOMICA P ANES and SECTIONS

&,CTION - !e#e!s to a pa!t&,CTION - !e#e!s to a pa!t cut along a plane.cut along a plane.

. Types o# sections. Types o# sections

/" TRAN&0,R&, &,CTION/" TRAN&0,R&, &,CTION

1" 'ON%ITUDINA' &,CTION1" 'ON%ITUDINA' &,CTION

." O2'I3U, &,CTION." O2'I3U, &,CTION



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ANATOMICA SECTIONANATOMICA SECTION

/" TRAN&0,R&, &,CTION/" TRAN&0,R&, &,CTION

Re#e!s to a pa!tRe#e!s to a pa!t cut cross ise! " idt# ise"cut cross ise! " idt# ise"

1"1" 'ON%ITUDINA' &,CTION'ON%ITUDINA' &,CTION CCutut made along themade along the long a$is %lengt# ise&long a$is %lengt# ise& o# the o!gan"o# the o!gan"

." O2'I3U, &,CTION 4 ." O2'I3U, &,CTION 4

Re#e!s to a cut neithe! longitudinal no! t!ansve!se"Re#e!s to a cut neithe! longitudinal no! t!ansve!se"

They lie on a slightly obli5ue plane"They lie on a slightly obli5ue plane"



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ANATOMICA SECTIONSANATOMICA SECTIONS

on!itudinal sectionof "idney

Transverse section oflun!s



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ANATOMICA P ANESANATOMICA P ANES

The te!ms o# ANATOMICA' &,CTION& a!e limitedThe te!ms o# ANATOMICA' &,CTION& a!e limitedin use#ulness because they do not o!ientate us to ho+in use#ulness because they do not o!ientate us to ho+

the cut +as made"the cut +as made"

It could be 6top-to-bottom7 o! #!ont-to-bac$7 o! 6side-It could be 6top-to-bottom7 o! #!ont-to-bac$7 o! 6side-

to-side7" This is the !eason +hy +e have anatomicalto-side7" This is the !eason +hy +e have anatomical

planes planes



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ANATOMICA P ANESANATOMICA P ANES('AN, - is geomet!ical concept !e#e!!ing to an('AN, - is geomet!ical concept !e#e!!ing to animagined #lat su!#ace"imagined #lat su!#ace"

They a!e used to desc!ibe the sections o# the body"They a!e used to desc!ibe the sections o# the body"

The!e a!eThe!e a!e ' main anatomical planes' main anatomical planes 88

/" &A%ITTA' ('AN,/" &A%ITTA' ('AN,

1" CORONA' ('AN,1" CORONA' ('AN,." HORI9ONTA' ('AN,." HORI9ONTA' ('AN,



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ANATOMICA P ANESANATOMICA P ANES

&A%ITTA' ('AN,&A%ITTA' ('AN,

it is an imagina!y ve!tical plane :e;tending #!om #!ont to bac$ and top toit is an imagina!y ve!tical plane :e;tending #!om #!ont to bac$ and top to

bottom< dividing the body into le#t and !ight po!tions" bottom< dividing the body into le#t and !ight po!tions"

MID&A%ITTA' ('AN,MID&A%ITTA' ('AN,

plane that divides the body into e;actly e5ual !ight and le#t po!tions" plane that divides the body into e;actly e5ual !ight and le#t po!tions"

(ARA&A%ITTA'(ARA&A%ITTA'

any plane pa!allel to the mediaN planeany plane pa!allel to the mediaN plane



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ANATOMICA P ANESANATOMICA P ANES)RONTA' ('AN,)RONTA' ('AN,

A ve!tical plane passing th!ough the body :at !ight angles toA ve!tical plane passing th!ough the body :at !ight angles to

sagittal plane< and divides the body into #!ont :ante!io!< and bac$sagittal plane< and divides the body into #!ont :ante!io!< and bac$

:poste!io!< po!tions":poste!io!< po!tions"

HORI9ONTA' ('AN,HORI9ONTA' ('AN,

It divides the body into top :supe!io!< andIt divides the body into top :supe!io!< and

bottom :in#e!io!< po!tions bottom :in#e!io!< po!tions



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Anatomical PlanesAnatomical Planes(lanes a!e imagina!y #lat(lanes a!e imagina!y #latsu!#aces passing th!ough thesu!#aces passing th!ough the

body bodysections a!e anatomical vie+ssections a!e anatomical vie+si# body is cut on a planei# body is cut on a plane

&agittal plane divides body&agittal plane divides bodyinto !ight and le#t halvesinto !ight and le#t halves)!ontal plane divides body)!ontal plane divides bodyinto #!ont * bac$ po!tionsinto #!ont * bac$ po!tionsT!ansve!se plane divides theT!ansve!se plane divides the

body into uppe! * lo+e! body into uppe! * lo+e! po!tions po!tions



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Topics of DiscussionTopics of DiscussionDEFINITIONDEFINITION

ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURE ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURERECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONSSUBDIVISIONS OF ANATOMY SUBDIVISIONS OF ANATOMY

IMPORTANT TERMSIMPORTANT TERMS ANATOMICAL POSITION ANATOMICAL POSITION ANATOMICAL PLANES n! SECTIONS ANATOMICAL PLANES n! SECTIONS ANATOMICAL PLANES ANATOMICAL PLANES ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS

BODY CAVITIESBODY CAVITIESSURFACE RE"IONSSURFACE RE"IONSMOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS

#HIPLASH in$u%& #HIPLASH in$u%&



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ANATOMICA DIRECTIONSANATOMICA DIRECTIONSD re!t onal terms are "se# to lo!ate str"!t"res n t$e %o#y&D re!t onal terms are "se# to lo!ate str"!t"res n t$e %o#y&

'elo s a l st o # re!t onal terms an# t$e r #e n t ons&'elo s a l st o # re!t onal terms an# t$e r #e n t ons&1& *+,T1& *+,T --

To t$e le t o t$e %o#y (not yo"r le t. t$e s"%/e!t s)To t$e le t o t$e %o#y (not yo"r le t. t$e s"%/e!t s) +& & T$e stoma!$ s to t$e le t o t$e l er +& & T$e stoma!$ s to t$e le t o t$e l er

2& G T2& G T To t$e r $t o t$e %o#y or str"!t"re %e n st"# e#&To t$e r $t o t$e %o#y or str"!t"re %e n st"# e#&

+& & T$e r $t #ney s #ama e#+& & T$e r $t #ney s #ama e#3& *AT+ A*3& *AT+ A*

To ar# t$e s #e a ay rom t$e m #sa ttal lane&To ar# t$e s #e a ay rom t$e m #sa ttal lane& +& & T$e eyes are lateral to t$e nose&+& & T$e eyes are lateral to t$e nose&

4& M+D A*4& M+D A* To ar# t$e m # sa ttal lane a ay rom t$e s #eTo ar# t$e m # sa ttal lane a ay rom t$e s #e +& & T$e eyes are me# al to t$e ears&+& & T$e eyes are me# al to t$e ears&



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A:T+ ; A:T+ ; To ar# t$e ront o t$e %o#y&To ar# t$e ront o t$e %o#y&

+& & T$e nose s on t$e anter or o t$e $ea#&+& & T$e nose s on t$e anter or o t$e $ea#&P;ST+ ;P;ST+ ;

To ar# t$e %a! (rear) o t$e %o#yTo ar# t$e %a! (rear) o t$e %o#y +& & T$e $eel s oster or to t$e toes&+& & T$e $eel s oster or to t$e toes&

SUP+ ;SUP+ ; To ar# t$e to o t$e %o#y&To ar# t$e to o t$e %o#y&

+& & T$e s$o"l#ers are s" er or to t$e $ s&+& & T$e s$o"l#ers are s" er or to t$e $ s&

:,+ ;:,+ ; To ar# t$e %ottom o t$e %o#y&To ar# t$e %ottom o t$e %o#y&

+& & T$e stoma!$ s n er or to t$e $eart&+& & T$e stoma!$ s n er or to t$e $eart&



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ANATOMICA DIRECTIONSANATOMICA DIRECTIONS



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ANATOM()A* D(+E)T(ONSANATOM()A* D(+E)T(ONSD; SA*D; SA*

Alon (or to ar#) t$e erte%ral s"r a!e o t$e %o#y& Alon (or to ar#) t$e erte%ral s"r a!e o t$e %o#y&+& & er s!ar s alon t$e #orsal s"r a!e&+& & er s!ar s alon t$e #orsal s"r a!e&

e ers to an nner re on. or me#"llae ers to an nner re on. or me#"lla

+& & T$e me#"llary ort on o t$e #ney !onta ns !olle!t n+& & T$e me#"llary ort on o t$e #ney !onta ns !olle!t n#"!ts#"!ts =; T =A*=; T =A*

e ers to an o"ter re on. or !orte?&e ers to an o"ter re on. or !orte?&+& & T$e !ort !al area o a#renal lan#s ro#"!es $ormones+& & T$e !ort !al area o a#renal lan#s ro#"!es $ormones



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#OD$ CA%ITIES#OD$ CA%ITIES

DORSAL BODY CAVITIESDORSAL BODY CAVITIES are !a t es n t$e @%a! are !a t es n t$e @%a!

$al o t$e %o#y$al o t$e %o#y 2 ma n ro" s2 ma n ro" s

1& = A: A* =A< T +S B t$ n t$e s "ll1& = A: A* =A< T +S B t$ n t$e s "ll ;r an; r an C 'ra nC 'ra n

2& SP :A* =A< T> B t$ n t$e erte%ral !ol"mn2& SP :A* =A< T> B t$ n t$e erte%ral !ol"mn

;r an; r an

C S nal !or#C S nal !or#



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#OD$ CA%ITIES#OD$ CA%ITIES



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#OD$ CA%ITIES#OD$ CA%ITIES,ENT+A* -ODY )A,(T(ES,ENT+A* -ODY )A,(T(ES 4 a!e cavities in the 6#!ont7 hal# 4 a!e cavities in the 6#!ont7 hal#

o# the body"o# the body"

/"/" THORACIC CA0ITYTHORACIC CA0ITY

1"1" (',URA' CA0ITY(',URA' CA0ITY

."." M,DIA&TINUMM,DIA&TINUM

="=" A2DOMINO(,'0IC CA0ITYA2DOMINO(,'0IC CA0ITY

>">" A2DOMINA' CA0ITYA2DOMINA' CA0ITY

?"?" (,'0IC CA0ITY(,'0IC CA0ITY



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%ENTRA #OD$ CA%ITIES%ENTRA #OD$ CA%ITIES

/" THORACIC CA0ITY 4 +ithin the !ib cage/" THORACIC CA0ITY 4 +ithin the !ib cage

1" (',URA' CA0ITY 4 'e#t /@.1" (',URA' CA0ITY 4 'e#t /@.!d!d

and !ight /@. and !ight /@.!d!d

o# the tho!acic cavity o# the tho!acic cavityO!ganO! gan lung lung

." M,DIA&TINUM 4 Middle one thi!d o# tho!a;." M,DIA&TINUM 4 Middle one thi!d o# tho!a;

O!ganO! gan Hea!t T!achea and oesophagus Hea!t T!achea and oesophagus>" Abdominal cavity 4 )!om the diaph!agm to the !im o# the pelvic bones>" Abdominal cavity 4 )!om the diaph!agm to the !im o# the pelvic bones

O!gansO! gans stomach live! most o# the intestines panc!eas spleen * stomach live! most o# the intestines panc!eas spleen *

$idneys$idneys

?" (,'0IC CA0ITY 4 )!om the pelvic !im to the #loo! o# the t!un$ ?" (,'0IC CA0ITY 4 )!om the pelvic !im to the #loo! o# the t!un$

O!gansO! gans (o!tions o# the intestines ova!ies ute!us u!ina!y bladde!" (o!tions o# the intestines ova!ies ute!us u!ina!y bladde!"



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S&RFACE RE'IONSS&RFACE RE'IONS

/" A2DOMINA'/" A2DOMINA'

A!ea ove!lying the abdominal cavityA!ea ove!lying the abdominal cavity1" ANT,2RACHIA' 4 1" ANT,2RACHIA' 4

#o!ea!m#o!ea!m

." ABI''ARY 4." ABI''ARY 4

A!mpitA!mpit

=" 2RACHIA' 4=" 2RACHIA' 4

Uppe! a!mUppe! a!m

>" 2UCCA' 4>" 2UCCA' 4

chee$ chee$

?" CAR(A' 4 ?" CAR(A' 4

+!ist+!ist

" C,R0ICA' 4" C,R0ICA' 4

Nec$ Nec$

" COBA' 4" COBA' 4

HipHip

E" CRURA' 4E" CRURA' 4

Ante!io! lo+e! legs :shin


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Anatomy)


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S&RFACE RE'IONSS&RFACE RE'IONS

/" C,R0ICA' 4/" C,R0ICA' 4 Nec$ Nec$

1" %'UT,A' 41" %'UT,A' 42uttoc$s2uttoc$s

." 'UM2AR 4." 'UM2AR 4lo+e! bac$ lo+e! bac$

=" OCCI(ITA' 4=" OCCI(ITA' 4(oste!io! o# head(oste!io! o# head

>" (O('IT,A' 4>" (O('IT,A' 4(oste!io! $nee Goint(oste!io! $nee Goint

?" &CA(U'AR 4?" &CA(U'AR 4

shoulde! bladeshoulde! blade" &URA' 4" &URA' 4

cal# cal# " THORACIC 4" THORACIC 4

uppe! bac$ uppe! bac$


Anatomy)


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Anatomy)


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MOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS Movements ta$e place at Goints +he!e t+o o! mo!eMovements ta$e place at Goints +he!e t+o o! mo!e

bones o! ca!tilages a!ticulate +ith one anothe!" bones o! ca!tilages a!ticulate +ith one anothe!"

The di##e!ent types o# movements a!eThe di##e!ent types o# movements a!e

/"/" )',BION)',BION

1"1" ,BT,N&ION,BT,N&ION

."." DOR&I)',BIONDOR&I)',BION

="=" ('ANTAR)',BION('ANTAR)',BION

>">"A2DUCTIONA2DUCTION

?"?" ADDUCTIONADDUCTION

"" ROTATION 4 M,DIA' and RADIA' ROTATIONROTATION 4 M,DIA' and RADIA' ROTATION

"" O((O&ITIONO((O&ITION


Anatomy)


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTSE" (ROTRACTIONE" (ROTRACTION

/F" R,TRACTION/F" R,TRACTION

//" ,',0ATION//" ,',0ATION

/1" D,(R,&&ION/1" D,(R,&&ION

/." ,0,R&ION/." ,0,R&ION

/=" IN0,R&ION/=" IN0,R&ION

/>" (RONATION/>" (RONATION

/?" &U(INATION/?" &U(INATION

/ " (RON,/ " (RON,

/ " &U(IN,/ " &U(IN,


Anatomy)


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTS)',BION 4)',BION 4 -ending or decreasing t#e angle-ending or decreasing t#e angle bet+een the bet+een the

bones o! pa!ts o# the body" bones o! pa!ts o# the body","g" )le;ion o# the uppe! ,"g" )le;ion o# the uppe!

limb at elbo+ Goint is anlimb at elbo+ Goint is an

ante!io! bending8 )le;ionante!io! bending8 )le;ion

o# the $nee at the $neeo# the $nee at the $nee

Goint is a poste!io! bending" Goint is a poste!io! bending"


Anatomy)


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTS,BT,N&ION 4 indicates,BT,N&ION 4 indicates straig#tening or increasingstraig#tening or increasing thethe angleangle

bet+een the bones o! pa!ts o# the body" bet+een the bones o! pa!ts o# the body"

,"g" ,;tension at elbo+ Goint occu!s at poste!io! di!ection","g" ,;tension at elbo+ Goint occu!s at poste!io! di!ection",;tension at $nee Goint occu!s in ante!io!,;tension at $nee Goint occu!s in ante!io! di!ection"di!ection"

HY(,R,BT,N&ION 4 :O0,R ,BT,N&ION beyond anatomicalHY(,R,BT,N&ION 4 :O0,R ,BT,N&ION beyond anatomical

limit< - can cause inGu!ylimit< - can cause inGu!y,"g" hiplash 4 hype!e;tension o# the nec$ du!ing !ea!- end,"g" hiplash 4 hype!e;tension o# the nec$ du!ing !ea!- end

automobile collision"automobile collision"


Anatomy)

MO%EMENTS ( E)TENSIONMO%EMENTS ( E)TENSION


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MO%EMENTS ( E)TENSIONMO%EMENTS ( E)TENSION


Anatomy)


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTSH(/*ASH in0uryH(/*ASH i n0ury

&udden&udden extensionextension o# the ce!vical spine :bac$+a!do# the ce!vical spine :bac$+a!dmovement o# the nec$< andmovement o# the nec$< and flexion flexion :#o!+a!d movement:#o!+a!d movemento# the nec$


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*+IP AS+ in,ury*+IP AS+ in ,ury


Anatomy)


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTSDOR&I)',BION 4DOR&I)',BION 4

1le$ion at t#e an2le 0oint1le$ion at t#e an2le 0oint as occu!s +hen +al$ing uphill o! as occu!s +hen +al$ing uphill o!li#ting the toes o## g!oundli#ting the toes o## g!ound

('ANTAR)',BION 4 ('ANTAR)',BION 4

Turns t#e foot or toesTurns t#e foot or toes to+a!d theto+a!d the plantar surfaceplantar surface ""

,"g" hen standing on you! toes,"g" hen standing on you! toes


Anatomy)


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTSA2DUCTION 4A2DUCTION 4

meansmeans mo3ing a aymo3ing a ay #!om#!om body midlinebody midline ""

,"g" Moving,"g" Moving

an uppe!-limb a+ay #!om thean uppe!-limb a+ay #!om the

side o# the body"side o# the body"

ADDUCTION 4ADDUCTION 4

meansmeans mo3ingmo3ing

to ard t#e body midlineto ard t#e body midline,"g" Moving an uppe!-limb,"g" Moving an uppe!-limb

to+a!d the side o# the body"to+a!d the side o# the body"


Anatomy)


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTSROTATION 4ROTATION 4

involvesinvolves turningturning o! !evolving a pa!t o# the bodyo! !evolving a pa!t o# the body

around its longitudinal a$isaround its longitudinal a$is :,"g" tu!ning one s head to the side


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTSO((O&ITIONO((O&ITION

Mo3ementMo3ement by +hich by +hich thethe pad of t#e t#umbpad of t#e t#umb is b!oughtis b!ought toto

anot#er digit padanot#er digit pad " ,"g" e use this" ,"g" e use this

movement to pinch o! to button a shi!t"movement to pinch o! to button a shi!t"


Anatomy)


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTS

(ROTRU&ION 4(ROTRU&ION 4

Ante!io! :#o!+a!d


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTS

(ROTRACTION- :&CA(U'AR A2DUCTION< &houlde!(ROTRACTION- :&CA(U'AR A2DUCTION< &houlde!gi!dlegi!dle mo3es for ard to anatomical positionmo3es for ard to anatomical position ""

R,TRACTION 4 :&CA(U'AR ADDUCTION< &houlde!R,TRACTION 4 :&CA(U'AR ADDUCTION< &houlde!

gi!dlegi!dle mo3es bac2 ard from anatomical positionmo3es bac2 ard from anatomical position ""


Anatomy)


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTS,',0ATION 4,',0ATION 4

+aises+aises o! moves a pa!to! moves a pa!t superiorlysuperiorly :up+a!d


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MO%EMENTSMO%EMENTS,0,R&ION 4,0,R&ION 4

*ateral*ateral :out+a!d


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(RONATION 4 (RONATION 4 Movement o# the #o!ea!m and hand so that it is !otated medially alongMovement o# the #o!ea!m and hand so that it is !otated medially alongthe longitudinal a;is and the palm o# the hand #aces poste!io!lythe longitudinal a;is and the palm o# the hand #aces poste!io!ly:bac$+a!d< and the do!sum o# the hand #aces ante!io!ly :#!ont+a!d


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Topics of DiscussionTopics of DiscussionDE1(N(T(ONDE1(N(T(ON

ANATOM()A* NOMEN)*AT4+EANATOM()A* NOMEN)*AT4+E

+E)OMMENDAT(ONS+E)OMMENDAT(ONS

S4-D(,(S(ONS O1 ANATOMYS4-D(,(S(ONS O1 ANATOMY

(M/O+TANT TE+MS(M/O+TANT TE+MS

ANATOM()A* /OS(T(ONANATOM()A* /OS(T(ONANATOM()A* /*ANES and SE)T(ONSANATOM()A* /*ANES and SE)T(ONS

ANATOM()A* /*ANESANATOM()A* /*ANES

ANATOM()A* D(+E)T(ONSANATOM()A* D(+E)T(ONS

-ODY )A,(T(ES-ODY )A,(T(ESS4+1A)E +EG(ONSS4+1A)E +EG(ONS

H(/*ASH in0uryH(/*ASH in0ury

MO,EMENTSMO,EMENTS


Anatomy)


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THANKSTHANKS

Lecture 1-Axis & Planes

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Transcript of Lecture 1-Axis & Planes