LECTURE 1

Teaching and Learning with TechnologyTeaching and Learning with Technology

Click to edit Master title style

Allyn and Bacon 2002Teaching and Learning with Technology


Allyn and Bacon 2008Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005


TheoreticalFoundations

Chapter 1

Teaching and Learning with TechnologyThird Edition

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease or lending of the program.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book and Allyn and Bacon was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.






Educational Technology

• Educational technology is any technology that is used to support teaching and learning

• The NCATE (National Council for Teacher Education) standards articulate the professional preparation requirements for all teachers







Allyn and Bacon 2005






Educational Technology and Instruction

• National standards have emerged to promote technology in education

• Educators must acquire a broad range of methods and skills to enhance teaching

• Instructional events are all teaching methods and learning experiences used to support learning






Instructional Events

Proper planning and effective use of tools and methods are key to successful teaching and learning






About Learning

• A variety of theories explain how we learn• Each theory offers a different view on how

learning occurs• Some theories contradict others• Teachers must determine best theory for

themselves






Learning Theories

Learning as communication• Knowledge is transmitted from sender to

receiver• Receiver returns feedback to sender• Sender receives feedback and makes

adjustments if necessary• Variables may alter intended meaning






Learning Theories

Learning as Communication






Learning Theories

FactorsAffectingLearning






Learning Theories

Environmental factors• Any factor that may cause messages to be

distorted or blocked• Includes obvious factors like noise or

improper lighting• Also includes less obvious distractions

like room temperature






Psychological factors• Individual differences that define and

impact communicated information• Emotional state may interfere with message

reception• Learning styles may interfere with message

transmission

Learning Theories






Personal filters• Individual’s values, heritage and belief

system• May include attitudes, cultural differences

and opinions• Filters are present in both sender and

receiver

Learning Theories






Behaviorist’s perspective• Focus on behavior as a response to

external stimuli• Learning occurs as a response to rewards

and punishments• Learning is a passive response to the

environment• Key theorists are Pavlov, Watson, Skinner

Learning Theories






Cognitivist’s perspective• Focus on learning as a mental operation• Learning is explained by how one thinks• Believe learning is more complex than

behaviorist view• Key theorists are Bruner, Ausubel and

early works of Piaget

Learning Theories






Constructivist’s perspective• Knowledge is constructed as a result of the

learning process – Children construct mental map as they encounter

information (Piaget)

• Learning occurs when knowledge is assimilated (fitted into existing map) or accommodated (existing map are adjusted)

(Piaget)• This view can be either individualistic (Gagné) or

group oriented (Vygotsky and Bandura)

Learning Theories






VIEW OF THE LEARNER

• Characteristics that might have an impact on learning– Cognitive style– Learning style– Intelligence







Cognitive styles• Manner in which one thinks and interprets

the environment• Myers-Briggs instrument helps determine

cognitive preferences• Understanding cognitive styles helps

teachers create supportive environments

Learning Theories






Learning Theories

Myers-BriggsCognitive Types






Learning styles• Conditions under which one learns best• Relates to individual sensory dominance• Auditory learners learn best by listening• Visual learners learn best by seeing• Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing

Learning Theories






The Learner

Intelligence• Inherent capabilities to learn and

understand• Stanford-Binet tests (IQ Test) emphasize

logical/mathematical and verbal abilities• Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple

intelligences emphasizes other capabilities






• Verbal-Linguistic• Mathematical-Logical• Musical• Visual-Spatial

• Bodily-Kinesthetic • Interpersonal• Intrapersonal• Naturalistic• Existential

Multiple Intelligences

The Learner






Multiple Intelligences

The Learner






Multiple Intelingences

• Linguistics – verbal skills/talents related to sound, meaning & ryhthms

• Logical-mathematical – conceptual & logical thinking

• Musical – talents/abilities related to sound, rhythm & pitch

• Spatial – skill in thinking in pictures & visioning abstract







Multiple Intelingences

• Bodily-kinesthetic – skill in controlling body movements

• Interpersonal – responsive to others• Intrapersonal – high-degree of self

awareness & insight• Naturalistic – skills in recognizing,

categorizing & interacting with natural world• Existential – ability to consider & deal with

questions of human existence Allyn and Bacon 2005






• Teaching is a systematic, planned sequence of events – A process that communicates ideas,

concepts, skills to learners• Teachers should be aware of:

– strengths and weaknesses of own teaching style

– learning theories– learning style of students

Teaching and Learning






• Teaching, learning and technology work together for effective knowledge transfer

• Holistic “systems approach” is the key to effective instruction

• Educational technologies are selected after planning to enhance instruction

A Holistic View of Teaching, Learning, and Technology






• Technology: a component of the teaching/learning process– Educational technology includes any

resource or process that facilitates learning

– This view of technology has evolved – It’s consistent with evolution of

learning theories

A Holistic View of Teaching, Learning, and Technology







A historical overview• Began in the early 1900s with movies• Slides, radio, sound recordings were

added in the 1920s-1930s • Television drove audiovisuals in the 1950s






A historical overview• 1960s: audiovisuals expanded to a

broader systems view - to include programmed instructions

• 1970s: educational technology redefined and expanded to include all technologies

• 1980s: educational technology entered the digital age







Today• Holistic view

– All media and systems supporting teaching/learning

• Teachers must decide how to best utilize technology


LECTURE 1

Education

Transcript of LECTURE 1