GK 101 Lecture 2, Unit 1The Nehru Years

Who was Jawaharlal Nehru? Son of Motilal Nehru Graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge Practiced Law in Allahabad High Court Married to Kamla Nehru (nee Kaul) Born a Hindu, preferred to be considered anATHEIST religion holding India back

Anointed by Gandhi as his successor in 1941 Became first PM of India, unable to broker a dealwith MA Jinnah, leading to Partition

Son of Motilal Nehru Graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge Practiced Law in Allahabad High Court Married to Kamla Nehru (nee Kaul) Born a Hindu, preferred to be considered anATHEIST religion holding India back

Anointed by Gandhi as his successor in 1941 Became first PM of India, unable to broker a dealwith MA Jinnah, leading to Partition

Nehru vs Patel Nehru and Vallabhbhai Patel rivals andpartners with deep mutual admiration

Disagreements on minorities Opposite views on economic policy Patel was Nehrus only credible rival in stature Patel proposed Rajendra Prasad as Presidentinstead of C Rajagopalachari

Nehru not in favor of Hindi as official language

Nehru and Vallabhbhai Patel rivals andpartners with deep mutual admiration

Disagreements on minorities Opposite views on economic policy Patel was Nehrus only credible rival in stature Patel proposed Rajendra Prasad as Presidentinstead of C Rajagopalachari

Nehru not in favor of Hindi as official language

First General Election Participated in by Congress, KMPP (J B KripalanisKisan Majdoor Praja Party), Socialist Party(started by JP Narayan), Jana Sangh, CPI

Sukumar Sen first Election Commissioner ICS officer of 1921, mathematician from London U

17.6 crore eligible voters, 85% illiterate This was reason for pictorial symbols

28 lakh women struck off the list State Assembly and Lok Sabha together

Participated in by Congress, KMPP (J B KripalanisKisan Majdoor Praja Party), Socialist Party(started by JP Narayan), Jana Sangh, CPI

Sukumar Sen first Election Commissioner ICS officer of 1921, mathematician from London U

17.6 crore eligible voters, 85% illiterate This was reason for pictorial symbols

28 lakh women struck off the list State Assembly and Lok Sabha together

Questions - 1 What is the relationship between lakh, croreand million?

100 lakhs = 1crore, 10 lakhs = 1 million Which year was Indias first Election held? 1952 What was the age of eligibility for voting? 21

What is the relationship between lakh, croreand million?

100 lakhs = 1crore, 10 lakhs = 1 million Which year was Indias first Election held? 1952 What was the age of eligibility for voting? 21

Socialist vs Capitalist Crux of ideology difference b/w Nehru-Patel Socialism advocated by Russia, China

everything owned by community (govt.) small difference in wages Called Leftism, Welfarism, moderate Marxism

Capitalism model of the West (US, UK) Merit based system, everyone as per capacity Focus on wealth creation, assumed percolation Great encouragement on private sector

Crux of ideology difference b/w Nehru-Patel Socialism advocated by Russia, China

everything owned by community (govt.) small difference in wages Called Leftism, Welfarism, moderate Marxism

Capitalism model of the West (US, UK) Merit based system, everyone as per capacity Focus on wealth creation, assumed percolation Great encouragement on private sector

Electoral System Options & Criticism FIRST PAST THE POST Indian system

INC 364 seats of 489 in LS, 2247 of 3280 in SA 45% and 42% vote share respectively Compare BJPs 31% vote share for 282 seats

MAXIMUM VOTE SHARE American system No constituency seat system, state-based nos. 1:1 party-candidate alignment Almost impossible for lower vote-share winner

FIRST PAST THE POST Indian system INC 364 seats of 489 in LS, 2247 of 3280 in SA 45% and 42% vote share respectively Compare BJPs 31% vote share for 282 seats

MAXIMUM VOTE SHARE American system No constituency seat system, state-based nos. 1:1 party-candidate alignment Almost impossible for lower vote-share winner

Questions 2 Who holds record for biggest election win? Anil Basu (CPM) in 2004, 5.92 lakh votes What are the lengths of terms for Indian PMand USA President?

5 years, 4 years What is the limit on how many times an Indiancan become Prime Minister?

No Limit

Who holds record for biggest election win? Anil Basu (CPM) in 2004, 5.92 lakh votes What are the lengths of terms for Indian PMand USA President?

5 years, 4 years What is the limit on how many times an Indiancan become Prime Minister?

No Limit

Economic Achievements Mixed policy, PSUs with private sector

Greater bent towards PSUs Steel Plants at Bokaro, Rourkela (USSR, FRG) Industrial growth 7% from 1950-65

India 7th largest industrial country Import substitution industrialization

Preferred for developing nations Fall of share of trade from 1.4% to 0.5% (1981-90)

Mixed policy, PSUs with private sector Greater bent towards PSUs

Steel Plants at Bokaro, Rourkela (USSR, FRG) Industrial growth 7% from 1950-65

India 7th largest industrial country Import substitution industrialization

Preferred for developing nations Fall of share of trade from 1.4% to 0.5% (1981-90)

Agriculture Land reforms banning giant land ownership

Could not redistribute existing holdings Co-operative farming failed under largeowners opposition 69% of country working to produce 21% of GDP

Set up agricultural Univs led Green Rev. Started culture of agricultural research

Land reforms banning giant land ownership Could not redistribute existing holdings

Co-operative farming failed under largeowners opposition 69% of country working to produce 21% of GDP

Set up agricultural Univs led Green Rev. Started culture of agricultural research

State Reorg, National Language Started in 1953, abolished concept of provinceand state

Reorganized states on linguistic basis Madras province had Telugu, made into AP

Hindi was to be official language in 1965,widespread riots, protests Backtracked commitment in Constitution Became discretionary for states

Started in 1953, abolished concept of provinceand state

Reorganized states on linguistic basis Madras province had Telugu, made into AP

Hindi was to be official language in 1965,widespread riots, protests Backtracked commitment in Constitution Became discretionary for states

Social Policies Strongest believer in education

IITs, RECs, AIIMS set up during this time 24000 schools set up in villages, free primary

Free milk & meals to combat malnutrition Caste discrimination criminalized

Reservations in education, govt. service Article 44 Secularism written by Nehru,promises Uniform Civil Code Not applicable to Muslims in inheritance, wedding

Strongest believer in education IITs, RECs, AIIMS set up during this time

24000 schools set up in villages, free primary Free milk & meals to combat malnutrition

Caste discrimination criminalized Reservations in education, govt. service

Article 44 Secularism written by Nehru,promises Uniform Civil Code Not applicable to Muslims in inheritance, wedding

Foreign Policy Co-founded Non-Aligned Movement Established Atomic Energy Commission underHomi Bhabha Great ambition to develop nuclear weapons Believed in proving self, then go Gandhian

Refused plebiscite in Kashmir in 1953 Leaned towards Russia on principle Signed Panchsheel with China natural ally

Co-founded Non-Aligned Movement Established Atomic Energy Commission underHomi Bhabha Great ambition to develop nuclear weapons Believed in proving self, then go Gandhian

Refused plebiscite in Kashmir in 1953 Leaned towards Russia on principle Signed Panchsheel with China natural ally

Panchsheel, China and the End Mutual Respect, Non-Aggression, Non-Interference, Equality, Peace

Long-pending border dispute arounduninhabited regions in Arunachal Several discussions, largely friendly

Relations went bad after India granted asylumto Dalai Lama

Heartbroken after the war, died in 1964

Mutual Respect, Non-Aggression, Non-Interference, Equality, Peace

Long-pending border dispute arounduninhabited regions in Arunachal Several discussions, largely friendly

Relations went bad after India granted asylumto Dalai Lama

Heartbroken after the war, died in 1964

Questions 3 What was Jawaharlal Nehrus fathersprofession?

Barrister at Law What was Jawaharlal Nehrus favorite flower? Rose Which lady was Jawaharlal Nehru said to havea special friendship?

Edwina Mountbatten

What was Jawaharlal Nehrus fathersprofession?

Barrister at Law What was Jawaharlal Nehrus favorite flower? Rose Which lady was Jawaharlal Nehru said to havea special friendship?

Edwina Mountbatten

GK 101 Lecture 2, Unit 1Who was Jawaharlal Nehru?Nehru vs PatelFirst General ElectionQuestions - 1Socialist vs CapitalistElectoral System Options & CriticismQuestions 2Economic AchievementsAgricultureState Reorg, National LanguageSocial PoliciesForeign PolicyPanchsheel, China and the EndQuestions 3