Lecture 01 b
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Transcript of Lecture 01 b
1-1
Lecture Objectives
Computer Hardware DetailsFour Types of Computers
Computer Networks
Network Classifications
1-2
Computer Hardware Details
Computer Classification BasisProcessing Speed – instructions/ second or MHz, GHz
Data Storage Capacity – Total bytes available
Cost
Size
1-3
Types of Computers
Supercomputers
Mainframe computers
Minicomputers
Microcomputers
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Super Computers
Most superior on all levelsFastest
Capable of processing at 120-200 MIPS (Millions of Instructions Per Second)/ expected to keep increasing
Most Spacious for Data storageCapable of saving data in trillion of bytes (up to 30 TB).
Most costlyPrices begin at about $4 million.
LargestOccupy large halls
Application Areas
-Primarily used for very demanding applications, where huge amount of data input is involved.
•Number Crunching•Weather Forecasting•Aircraft design•Nuclear Research•Seismic Analysis•Space Program
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Mainframe Computers
A bit moderate as compared with Super Computers.
First developed computers in the history (50’s)
Specially wired for connecting 100’s of terminals.
Speed Capable of processing at 10’s of MIPS.
Capacity for Data storageCapable of saving data in trillion of bytes (up to 50-100 TB).
Cost Range$100,000 or more.
SizeOccupy large rooms
Application Areas
-Primarily used by medium to large size companies as a central computing resource.
For large processing applications in business areas such as - accounting, - sales and marketing, production, and - human resources.
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Mini Computers
Smaller & cheaper than main frame in its capabilities.
Came in 70’s to offload the overloaded Mainframes.
Technological advancements result in increased capabilities & reduced prices.
New versions are called Mid Range Computers.
Speed -Comparable to main frame now.
Capacity for Data storageCapable of saving data in trillion of bytes (up to 4-5 TB).
Application Areas
-Primarily used by sub-departments of companies to offload the company mainframe’s work.
e.g. an inventory department might use a mini to provide better control of stock and to make predictions about future needs.
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Micro Computers
Introduced in early 80’s.
Can be sub-classed on speed and portability.SUPERMICROS
High powered (near to minis)
Used a different processing approach then standard Micros (RISC)
Example: Workstation Micros (Network server, high quality graphics etc.)
-Leading Manufactures for workstations are SUN Microsystems (SPARC) Application Areas
-Popularly used as a server machine in a networked environment.
-Widely use for business applications.
1-8
Micro Computers
DESKTOP MICROSKeep on increasing in processing power etc.Mostly in a personal access.Can run many applications at a time (needs operating system support).
PORTABLE MICROSVery Compact & Lightweight.As powerful as desktops.Used by mobile usersLaptop – about 11 lbs/ can be fitted inside an airplane tray.Notebook – nearly 7 lbs/ can be accommodated in a brief case.Palmtop – 2/3 lbs / can fit into a pocket or purse. (Poqet/ HP)
– Capabilities: Hand-writing recognition, personal organization tools, travel information, communication means.
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Microcomputers
Least powerful
Widely used
Four typesDesktop
Notebook or laptop
Tablet PC
Handheld
Application Areas
-Almost every where (because of ever falling cost).
-Education -Entertainment -Businesses -Mobile Professions (Salespersons, Field data collecting staff etc.)
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Micro Computer Hardware
A large diversity of devices are in use.
Four categories.System Unit
Input/ Output Devices
Secondary Storage Devices
Communication Devices
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…Micro Computer Hardware
System Unit Corresponds to the Circuit board housed inside the computer cabinet.Also termed as Mother Board.Every other device has a connection with this circuitry.Two main components are:
Microprocessor Chip Controls and manipulates data to produce information.
Memory Chip(s) (RAM) Holds data & program instructions temporarily (volatile).
Video Clip: How to build a PC? Part I & II (Available on WebCT)
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…Micro Computer Hardware
Input/ Output DevicesAll devices (a variety of them) which do the conversion from human understandable to computer understandable data & vice versa.
Keyboard, mouse – most common input devices.
Monitors, printers – most common output devices.
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…Micro Computer Hardware
Secondary Storage DevicesHolds data & program (like RAM)Permanently store (non-volatile) the contents (unlike RAM).Floppy
Magnetic media (small capacity/ slower in access) Hard disk
Metallic media (large capacity/ more fast accessible) Optical disks
Laser technology (largest capacity/ fast access).CD-ROMS (only readable)/ CD-RW (read/write)/ DVD (Digital Versatile Discs)
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…Micro Computer Hardware
Communication DevicesControls the communication between Computers.Sends/ Receives data or program bits on different media like
telephone lines
coaxial cable (Chapter 7 pg155)fiber optics cable Satellite links
Modem is the most widely used (Uses telephone lines).
A modem is capable of (Chapter 7 pg153)MODulate (data to telephone signals) and DEModulate (telephone signals to data)
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Connectivity & InternetConnecting computers extends their usability to enormous extent.
Information sharing opens new horizons in computing.
Connectivity results in Computer Networks.
1-16
Computer Network Classification
Classified on the basis of geographical boundaries.
LAN - within a building
MAN – across buildings
WAN – country wide/ world wide
(Chapter 7 pg165)
LAN Example
WAN Example