Lectio Praecursoria - Tuomas Aivelo - 20.11.2015
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Transcript of Lectio Praecursoria - Tuomas Aivelo - 20.11.2015
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Longitudinal monitoring of parasites in individual
wild primates
20.11.2015Lectio praecursoria
Tuomas Aivelo (@aivelo)
Institute of Biotechnology; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Doctoral Programme in Wildlife Biology,University of Helsinki
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Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
Host individual is a dynamic habitat
How parasite communities change?
Understanding interactions in parasite communities
→ virulence, prevalence etc.→ resistance, tolerance
Succession in parasite communities
→ host development
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Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
Focus on component populations (= one parasite species in a host community)
Infrapopulations (= one parasite species in a single host) rarely studied
Focus often on single species / taxons
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Aims of the thesisIntroduction
Methods
Study I & II
Study III Study IV
Conclusion
• Study intestinal parasite community dynamics within-host
• Design a new method for identifying parasite community composition
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Rufous mouse lemurMicrocebus rufus
Hibernates and torpors
Small-sized
Primate
Nocturnal
Territorial
Long-lived
Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
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Ranomafana National Park
• Southeastern Madagascar • Two transects
– Talatakely: inside park, heavy tourist load, secondary forest
– Campsite: in peripheral zone, degraded habitat, frequented by locals and students
Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
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• Mark-recapture for 3 years• 636 samples from 134 different individuals
Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
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Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
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The detection pipeline
Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
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SéanceIntroduction
Methods
Study I & II
Study III Study IV
Conclusion
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Method
• Success rate quite low: only 44% for mouse lemurs
• Difficulties with fecal nematodes• General problems with non-invasive
assessment
Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
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Between-host dynamicsIntroduction
Methods
Study I & II
Study III Study IV
Conclusion
Putative species 1
Strongyloides Putative species 4 Chromadorea
Putative species 2
Rhabditidae Putative species 5 Enterobius
Putative species 3
Strongylida Putative species 6 Panagrellus
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Within-host dynamics
Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
First samples without parasites
Rare species are ephemeral
Also turnover in common species
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Mouse lemur body condition and parasites
• Better body condition correlates with– Higher ectoparasite counts– Higher parasite richness
Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
Model n r PCRT index vs lice score 120 -0.19 0.04
CRT index vs nematode abundance 119 -0.00 0.98CRT index vs cestode abundance 120 -0.14 0.13CRT index vs parasite richness 120 -0.19 0.03n = sample size, r = correlation coefficient of spearman, P = probability
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In nutshell
• While parasite communitiess seem stable looking at host at population-level sampling, individual monitoring can reveal wildly dynamic parasite community
• High-throughtput identification of intestinal nematodes is difficult but possible
Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
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Future directions
• Interaction of parasites and microbiome
• Possibilities to track the most common nematode:– Do they die during hibernation?– Is there population structure in
parasites? • Parasite identification straight
from feces
Introduction M
ethods Study I &
II Study III
Study IV Conclusion
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