Lec_Feed Prep_MCatacutan_Sept 2_DOST.pdf
Transcript of Lec_Feed Prep_MCatacutan_Sept 2_DOST.pdf
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Feed Ingredients & Feed
Preparation
Mae R. CatacutanNutrition and Feed Development Section
SEAFDEC/AQD
September 2, 2014
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Lecture Outline
Part I. Feed Ingredients
Part II. Feed preparation
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Feed ingredients are processed for
suitable mixing with other feed
ingredients.
Processing requires machines and other
equipment.
Well Processed Ingredients = Good Quality Feed
Part I. Processing of Feed Ingredients
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Feed ingredients:
Animal sources (high protein & expensive)
- fish meal, small shrimps, squid meal, meat and
bone meal, blood meal
Plant sources
- soya meal, corn meal, rice bran, leaf meals, copra
meal, wheat flour
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Feed Ingredients are Pre-Processed
Extraneous materials are removed such
as sand, stones etc.
Moisture brought down to less than 10%
to avoid growth of microorganisms
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Feed ingredients are further processed :
- for suitable mixing
- ease in pelleting & extrusion
- improve palatability or acceptability- to remove anti-nutritional factors
(ANFs)
(ANFs diminish the effectiveness of a feed ingredient)
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In-activation of ANFs
INGREDIENT ANFs Processing
Method
Soybean Trypsin inhibitor Moist heat
Ipil-ipil leaves Mimosine Soaking in water
Beans Tannins Dehulling
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Cassava leaves processed into cassava meal
Cassava leaves Nutrients in Cassava leaves
Picture by N.V.Golez
Crude protein 18 - 27.8 %Crude fat 3.6 %
Carbohydrate 43 - 58 %
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Processed Feed Ingredients
Right as received, Left after passing 40 mesh size sieve
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Other Feed Components
binder
attractant
micronutrients
(vitamins & minerals)
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Lipid Sources in Aquafeed
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Diameter 2 mm, Length, 30 mm
Sinking pellets,(produced by SEAFDEC Small-Scale Feed Mill)
Diameter 2 mm, Length, 10 mm
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stable in the water
digestible
homogeneous
acceptable
nutrients in adequate
amount
A good Feed is :
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Feed Preparation is similar to cooking
our food.
Requires heat & containers for mixing.
(by N. V. Golez)
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Important Points in Feed Preparation
Almost uniform sized feed ingredients areweighed according to the formulation
Mixing- protein sources are mixed first, thenother ingredients are added except for the
binder
Binder (flour or carbohydrate) is cooked and
added to the mix
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Steps in Aquafeed Preparation
Weighing
Mixing
Steaming
Pelleting or Extruding
DryingPacking & Storage
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Weighingfeed ingredients based onformulation
Label- feedingredients
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Mixingmix first big quantity feedingredients in the feed formula
ingredients in big quantities are usually protein sources
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Mixingmix separately small quantity feed
ingredients before adding to the mixer
mix small quantity feed ingredients in
a beaker (vitamins & mineral mix)
add small amount of the first
mixture to the beaker and mix
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Mixinglipid sources
after all dry ingredients
has been mixed, add the
lipid source/s
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Cookingflour or the binder
add cooked breadflour to mixer
mix at slow speed
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Check the mix- for water content
check mix by hand
if dry, add water gradually
check again for right
amount of moisture
for easy pelleting
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Pelleting- dough-like feed mix passes
through certain die diameter
2mm die diameterfeed ready for extrusion
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Steaming 3-5 min
Steaming cooks further the
carbohydrate and makes pellet
water stable
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Steaming and Drying
removing from the steamer steamed pellets into drying tray
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Dried feed
moist feed compared to dried feed uncut dried feed
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Dried feed
uncut dried feed, cut feed & extruded feed with uniform size
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Feed as Finished
product
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Equipment/Machines for feed manufacture at
SEAFDEC
Laboratory Scale
100g - 8 kg
Pilot Scale Feed Mill
Pelletizer, 2 T/day
Extrusion Machine 200kg/hr
Feed Preparation
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Machines/Equipment for making
feed
Flaking machine - flake feedPelleting machine - sinking feed
Extrusion machine - floating/sinking feed
Feed Preparation
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Flaking Machine for larval feed
(SEAFDEC/AQD)
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Pelleting Machine at SEAFDEC/AQD
Ingredients storage
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hank you
for your attention