Learning Targets

1. Describe the fighting in the Pacific.2. Create pictures to represent the main

strategies/beliefs of the U.S. and Japanese - island hopping, Kamikaze and bushido.

3. Decide which front would be harder for American soldiers and defend that choice.

Thinking about the geography, how will the Pacific Front bedifferent than the European front? Explain.

By 1942, Japan had won Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya,Burma, Thailand, parts of China, Indonesia, Guam, Wake Island and 3,000 miles of water with islands in the Pacific. These attacks were simultaneous with Pearl Harbor.

Dec.-April 1942: Philippines

•Allies outnumbered, so surrendered andMacArthur ordered to leave

36,000 U.S./Filipinoas. 200,000 Japanese

5 months

MacArthur “I shall return.”

Bataan Death March• 78,000 marched 65 miles• ¼ died

Apr.1942: Doolittle Raid

• Air attack on Tokyo with little gain, but raises U.S. morale

Light B-52 taking off ofAircraft carrier

16 bombers8 deaths

May 1942: Battle of Coral Sea• Broken code leads to carrier-based plane fighting ONLY

• Stopped Japan

Think, Pair, Share

Predict: Why do you think the Doolittle Raid was authorized by the military?

Decide: Why might it be important to control the Coral Sea, water by our ally, Australia?

June 1942: Battle of Midway• Broken code allows U.S. to ambush Japanese fleet

• Huge losses for Japanese so now on defensive

Japanese Losses• 5 aircraft carriers (1/4 of entire fleet)• 2 cruisers• 3 destroyers• 322 planes (280 on carriers)• 3057 Japanese sailors

US Losses• 362 U.S. sailors

Island-Hopping• 3,000 m. of water with hundreds of islands heavily defended before Japan• MacArthur = "leapfrog" across attacking important islands ONLY, while Allies bomb others

Learned fromTarawa where1 in 3 marines

General MacArthur

Guadalcanal• Begins island hopping &marines experience jungle warfare

• Japan retreats

6 mths. of fighting

Oct.-July 1945: Battle of Leyte Gulf

• U.S. takes back Philippines w/ naval and land battle

• ”Kamikaze" (suicide) pilots 1st used by Japanese

•LargestNaval battle in history•174,000Soldiers in 738 ships

“I have returned.”MacArthur

Crushed Japanese fleet(lost 4 carriers, 13 cruisers, 400 planes)80,000 dead, only 1,000 surrender

Drawing Journal Response

1. Draw the U.S. strategy of island hopping to help you remember our strategy.

2. Draw an image to illustrate the Japanese strategy of kamikaze pilots.

3. Discuss: How do you think American soldiers will respond to the Japanese tactic of Kamikaze pilots?

Iwo Jima• Wanted for base to bomb Tokyo; heavily

defended • Bushido style of fighting -no surrender

74 days of bombings 60,000 marines vs. 23,00021,000 died only 200 were taken prisoner

750 miles from Tokyo

April 1945: Okinawa• wanted base for invasion of Japan (350 m)• little to no surrender, but still Allied win

•1,500 kamikaze pilots•Japanese lost 100,000, U.S. losses 12,000

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

1945: Tokyo• Firebombing killed many civilians; destroyed 1/2 of Tokyo• No surrender as had to be “unconditional”

•80,000 civilians, 250,000 buildings•Used in 67 cities

Large Group Discussion

1. Describe: Describe bushido.

2. Explain: How did Japanese belief in bushido affect fighting on the Pacific Front?

3. Defend: Which front do you think will be most difficult for American soldiers - the Pacific or the European Front? Explain.

Navajo Code Talkers

When the United States broke the Japanese code, it gave us a big advantage in the fighting in the Pacific. The U.S. code was never broken.

1. Read “The Navajo Code Talkers.”2. Choose a partner.3. Create a message using their code

and practice decoding it together.