Learning Objectives 1
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This presentation was developed for the exclusive use of students enrolled in: Educational Testing & Grading, Professor Gregory E. Stone. © 2004 Gregory E. Stone. All rights reserved. This presentation may not be reproduced in any form, in part or as a whole, without the express written permission of the author.
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Transcript of Learning Objectives 1
This presentation was developed for the exclusive use of students enrolled in:
Educational Testing & Grading, Professor Gregory E. Stone.
© 2004 Gregory E. Stone. All rights reserved. This presentation may not be reproduced in any form, in part or as a whole, without the express written permission of the author.
Learning Objectives
What do teachers produce?
Our Product?
Children who have mastered the conceptions we believe are most important.
Do we need them?
Many of today’s scholars believe learning objectives are unnecessary and restrict the flow and creativity of learning.
Let’s find out!
Today we’ll explore the form and function of purposeful learning objectives.
Early Objectives
Behavioral:
A series of tasks. Master 1, go on to 2. Master 2, go on to 3 ….
Modern Objectives
Cognitive:Focus on
Outcome, Thought Process, &
Development
What is a concept?
An idea.A theoretical construct.A field of study.A talent.A skill.
Can we observe allconcepts?
Language ArtsSpells words correctlyDemonstrates reading skills
Are these concepts observable?
Spell correctly
Recite a word to a child and ask the child to write the word.
We can SEE whether the child has mastered spelling via a single, direct observation.
DemonstratesReading Skills
What single, directly observable task could the child perform to demonstrate that they have mastered this skill?
Domain (Learning Objective)
Not directly observable.Multi-faceted.“Global” in nature.Theoretical.Desirable.
DomainsSpecifics
What we want to produce are children who can READ.In order to suggest the child can read, we review their performances in areas we believe are related.
DomainsSpecifics
Reading skills
Pronunciation Comprehension Spelling
DomainsSpecifics
Domain
DomainsSpecifics
Domain
Specifics(inclusive)
DomainsSpecifics
Domain
Specifics(representative)
Who is the focus?
The student!
A lesson plan
“Today the children will read Clifford the Big Red Dog.”
Lesson plans are NOT learning objectives.
A lesson plan
“Today the children will read Clifford the Big Red Dog.”
Lesson plans help teachers plan the day.
A lesson plan
“Children will increase reading proficiency by reading Clifford”
Lesson plans focus on our hopes & desires.
Learning Objectives:Student Outcomes
StudentPerformance
InstructionalReference
+ACTION INTENT
The “How”
StudentPerformance
ACTIONSkill
The “What”
InstructionalReference
INTENTContent
Examples:
ACTION INTENT
Demonstrates | reading skills.
Recognizes | appropriate use of punctuation.
Examples:
ACTION INTENT
Demonstrates | reading skills.
Domain
Examples:
ACTION INTENT
Recognizes | appropriate use of punctuation.
Specific
Action (Verb)Helpful References
Appendix
How to Write and Use Instructional Objectives
Norman Grunland
Five Principlesof functional objectives
1. Content is not an objective
Students read age appropriate works of fiction.
Demonstrates reading skills.
Five Principlesof functional objectives
2. Focus on student behaviors.
Teach student appropriate use of hand tools. Distinguishes among types of hammers.
Five Principlesof functional objectives
3. Teachers teach, students achieve
Increase student awareness of different artistic movements.
Appreciates artwork.
Five Principlesof functional objectives
4. Objectives are unidimensional
Focus on ONE concept at a time
Five Principlesof functional objectives
5. Preserve the hierarchy
Specific objectives should not exceed the skill level presented in the Domain.
Myths & Illusions
Writing objectives is an art and a science. There is no absolutely correct manner.However, each must possess an action and intent.
Myths & Illusions
“The student will …”
Largely unnecessary! But if it feels good, go ahead!
Myths & Illusions
There is a correct outline form.
I. 1.0 A. A. 1.1 1. 1. 1.1.1 a.
Practice!
Every student should acquire communication skills of understanding, speaking, reading and writing.
DOMAIN
Practice!
Demonstrate communication skills.
DOMAIN
Practice!
Understands the scientific principle of gravity.
SPECIF
IC
Practice!
Describes gravityDefines gravity.Uses gravity in problem solving.
SPECIF
IC
