Learning & Maladaptive Behavior Lesson 17. Maladaptive Behavior n Detrimental to well-being/survival...
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Transcript of Learning & Maladaptive Behavior Lesson 17. Maladaptive Behavior n Detrimental to well-being/survival...
Learning & Maladaptive
BehaviorLesson 17
Maladaptive Behavior Detrimental to well-being/survival How is it acquired?
Normal learning mechanisms Operant (Instrumental) learning
overt behaviors Respondent learning
CERs physiological responses covert behaviors ~
Maladaptive Learning: Respondent
Conditioned Emotional Responses fear/anxiety anticipatory pain
Phobias Depression Panic Disorder
With agoraphobia Post-traumatic stress-disorder ~
Conditioned Emotional Responses
Acquired Motivation Motivates maladaptive behaviors covert behavior: Fear & Anxiety Pavlovian
Self-medication Addictive behaviors Mood modification Via behavior or substance use acquisition by operant ~
Maladaptive Eating Behaviors Higher incidence of
depression & anxiety OCD & substance abuse women: relationship problems
Maintained via reinforcement self-medication
Obesity positive & negative reinforcement health problems ~
Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa little or no eating
Bulimia binge & purge
Motivation? Negative body image anxiety lack of control
Control eating RFT ~
Substance Abuse & Addiction
Abused/Addictive drugs Positive reinforcers Negative reinforcers Aversive aftereffects
Normal reinforcement mechanisms Same as natural reinforcers
Strengthens drug-taking behavior Addiction: compulsive use ~
Abusive Relationships Why do women stay with men who
physically abuse them? Pain as punishment
Honeymoon phase as Pos RFT Initially later following abuse
History of punishing behavior early weak later severe habituation ~
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessions Persistent, intrusive thoughts Produce anxiety
Compulsions Repetitive behaviors Reduce anxiety
Acquired & maintained by… Negative reinforcement ~
Learned Helplessness
Animal model of depression No contingency b/n behavior &
aversive outcomes Saversive : B no effect
Global expectancy develops ineffectiveness of behavior Failure to respond even when it
may be successful ~
Experimental procedure
Master response can terminate shock
Yoked shocked w/ master no control over shock ~
Master rat Yoked rat
Give all avoidance training
Transfer all to shuttlebox training Standard escape / avoidance task
Will they learn to escape? Master? Yoked? ~
Master vs Yoked
Difference in escape learning, but Both shocked
Same number Same intensity Same duration
How do they differ? Control of shock ~
Conclusions
Yoked rat develops expectation no response will terminate shock generalizes to other situations
Global expectancy of ineffectiveness ~
Uncontrollable Aversive Events
LearnedHelplessness
Stress-induced Analgesia
Decrease in pain sensitivity Occurs in rats in uncontrollable
circumstances Use same rats from learned
helplessness Test for analgesia Tail Flick Test ~
Results
Master no analgesia stress is controllable
Yoked rat analgesic stress is uncontrollable
Less sensitive to pain May stay in contact with painful
stimulus longer Injury more likely ~
Kids & Math Problems
Dweck & Rapucci (1973) 5th graders given series of math
problems Give easy problems
performance good Give unsolvable problems Give easy again
difficulty doing easy problems ~