LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn.
Transcript of LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn.
LEARNINGHow We LearnWhat We LearnWhen We Learn
Classical Conditioning - Learning through
association
Operant Conditioning-learning through
association & reinforcement
Cognitive/Social– Observational
Learning- Learning by observation
WE LEARN MANY WAYS…
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Association is the key to learning.
Human beings are biologically programmed to respond in certain ways to certain things. Salivate when we eat food Jump if we hear a loud noise Jerk hand away if touch something hot
Natural reactions are unconditioned responses – we don’t have to learn them.
Pavlov & Classical Conditioning
Research on digestion led to development of 1st experimental model of learning: classical conditioning.
Research led to Watson’s application of classical conditioning to humans & emotional responses.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Little Albert Experiment
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE
Study showed that emotional responses could be learned.
Phobias= likely conditioned responses
Applications of Classical Conditioning
AVERSIVE CONDITIONING
-Negative stimuli also conditions us.
Examples
-Taste aversion
UCS- flu & shrimp UCR – nauseous/vomit
CS- any shrimp CR - nauseous/vomit
Generalization & Discrimination
Generalization
-the act of responding the same way to similar stimuli
Ex. Associating the sound of a dentist’s drill with a fearful reaction….after many exposures, other non dental drills have same effect.
Discrimination
-act of responding differently to stimuli that are similar to each other.
Ex. One bad dog doesn’t spoil the bunch
Examples of Classical Conditioning
Music and Memories The Office clip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfZfMIHwSkU
Using Classical Conditioning
1. Treatment of Phobias
Counterconditioning
Systematic desensitization:
Flooding
2. Eliminating Bad Habits:
Aversion Therapy
-pairing problem with aversive stimulus
3. In Advertising
Treating Phobias
Counterconditioning
-present two CS at same time that elicit an incompatible response
Systematic Desensitization
-relaxation, hierarchy of feared stimuli presented over time
Flooding
- prolonged exposure to feared stimulus; not gradual
a phobia: an extreme or
irrational fear or aversion to
something
-estimated 5-12% of Americans have phobias (National Institutes of Mental Health)
Eliminating Bad Habits
Aversion Therapy
-pair the problem with an aversive stimulus
-association forms and attractiveness of problem behavior reduced
In AdvertisingPair product with stimuli that elicit positive emotions
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JM6WI329l74
Can you identify…
Sally goes to the doctor with Mom. Sometimes the doctor gives her a shot. After this happens several times, she began to feel uncomfortable at the sight of anyone in a white lab coat.
Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response:
Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response:
My example
UCS: Go for run UCR: Happy
CS: Sneakers CR: Happy
Louis and Kubota love to go on runs with me. We go running many times a week. As soon as I am dressed in running clothes & sneakers, they whine, run around, and follow me room to room until we go.
APPLICATIONS
Create an original example of classical conditioning. Illustrate & label your example (UCS, UCR, CS, CR)
Brainstorm/create an example where you might use the principles of classical conditioning in your life.