Learning Enhancement in Higher Education. Validation of an Educational App Based on

Learning Enhancement in Higher Education. Validation of an Educational App Based on

Augmented Reality Technology

Dr. Jorge Martín‐GutiérrezProfessor of Engineering GraphicDirector, Virtual Teaching Center

University of La LagunaCanary Islands, Tenerife, Spain

Agenda

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• Background• Aims • Purpose • What is Augmented reality?

– Augmented Reality Scenario– AR – High Education– Augmented Books

• L-ELIRA toolkit (augmented book)• Study• Results• Conclusion• AR-DEHAES toolkit (augmented book)

iED – Madrid November , 28‐29, 2011

Background

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Product name, ASME dimensional standard, diameter‐pitch, length, mechanical or performance standard, finish type and thickness including applicable standards.

Example:Heavy hex nut, ASME B18.2.6, Unified 1/2‐ 13, ASTM A563 Grade C, Plain Finish


Background

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Heavy hex nut, ASME B18.2.6, Unified 1/2‐ 13, ASTM A563 Grade C, Plain Finish

Sample designation (Spanish)

Sample designation


Aim

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• Contents are boring for students, because they imply quite a mental effort for memorizing them.

• AR allows users getting to know more easily all industrial elements and retain them in memory with less effort.


Purpose

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• Students have a high degree of knowledge in multimedia technologies (videogame, internet, 3D,etc)

• Learning with an Augmented Reality book in an enjoyable way.


What is Augmented Reality?

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‐ Augmented reality allows mixing virtual images with real ones keeping contact with reality while interacting with virtual objects.

‐ Properties: real‐time, interactive, 3D


What is Augmented Reality?

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Head Mounted Display (HMD)

Handheld

Monitor PC


Augmented Reality scenario

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AR – High Education

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CONSTRUCT 3D, makes possible creating geometric scenarios which allow both student and teacher interaction during the explanation of the geometric contents.(Hannes Kaufmann, Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems, Viena University of Technology, Austria.)

Training for improvement of spatial abilities.Martín Gutiérrez, J (2010). Computer & Graphics, 34(1)


Augmented Books

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The “MagicBook” interface uses normal books with AR markers as the main interface objects.

“AR will become a tech trend in higher education in just two or three years making the blend of virtual and real on mainstream use apps through augmented books.”


Toolkit L-ELIRA - App

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– L-ELIRA (Learning Industrial Elements with Augmented Reality)

141 mechanical elements

4 motionless machines

5 animated machines


L-ELIRA – Augmented Book

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Chapters: (1) Simple thread elements: bolts, nut,

stud(2) Non thread simple elements: Pins,

cotter pins, washer (3) Security device(4) Bearings(5) Gears(6) Spring(7) Motionless Machines(8) Machines in motion.


L-ELIRA – Augmented Book

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DEMO


Study

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25 Students

Have passedthe subjectpartially

Use L‐ELIRA to study

Experimental Group

22 Students

Have passedthe subjectpartially

Use traditionalclass notes

Control Group

Mechanical engineering


Results (I) Academic Performance

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• Academic results are statistically significant . • Experimental group vs control group. (t =2.708, p‐value=0.009). P‐values are

well below 1% of statistical significance. • Probability of over 99% of obtaining better results using L‐ELIRA.

MARKS OBTAINED BY STUDENTS

3

11

43

4

511


Results (II) Usability

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Results (III) - Motivation

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Motivation ExperimentalGroup

ControlGroup

C1 Sometimes studying gives me a feeling of deeppersonal satisfaction.

3.86(0.03)

1.86(0.03)

C2 I feel that virtually any topic can be highlyinteresting once I get into it.

4.64(0.02)

2.22(0.04)

C3 I find that studying academic topics couldsometimes be as exciting as a good novel ormovie.

4.92(0.01)

1.04(0.01)

C4 I work hard while studying because material isinteresting.

4.96(0.008)

1.59(0.04)

C5 I attend most classes with questions in mindthat I want to answer.

1.2(0.02)

1.23(0.05)

Mean Value Motivation[StdDev]

3.94[1.50]

1.76[0.97]

Biggs, J.B.; Kember, D. & Leung, D.Y.P. (2001). The revised two‐factor study process questionnaire: R‐SPQ‐2F, British Journal of Educational Psychology. 71, 133‐149.


Conclusion

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• The first AR application with these characteristics that has been developed for this matter.

• Students using L-ELIRA get better academic results

• Students using L-ELIRA showed more participation and motivation than in the teacher’s theoretical classes.

• With little effort L-ELIRA could be translated to other languages.

You tube : Channel DehaesULL or

Augmented book for Engineering students


www.ar-books.com

Augmented book to training Spatial Skills

Recently we have launched AR‐Dehaescommercial version which is composed by a unique augmented book containing 100 exercises.


Engineers’ professional success depends greatly on having a high level of spatial abilities.

(Adánez and Velasco, 2002)

For performing our work as engineers, we may develop skills and abilities which cannot be learnt but acquired through simple training or tasks’ repetition.

Spatial ability in Engineering and Architecture

Aim

In Engineering Graphics future engineer may develop these abilities for:

‐PROJECTS’ DESIGN & PERFORMANCE‐PROJECTS’ EXECUTION‐PROJECTS’ MANAGEMENT‐CHOICES’ ANALYSIS‐GIVING SOLUTIONS


Howard Gardner (1993)

Louis Leon Thurstone (1938)Considers 7 categories in intelligence. Identifiesspatial factor in human intelligence defining it.

Multiple intelligences (9)

SpatialLinguisticLogical-mathematicalBodily-kinestheticMusicalInterpersonalIntrapersonalNaturalisticExistential

•Verbal comprehension.•Words fluency.•Numeric reasoning.•Spatial visualization•Memory association.•Perception speed•Reasoning.

Intelligence


«Spatial ability is a component of human intelligence»

VERBAL COMPREHENSION: Aptitude for understanding words, sentences, grammar,…..

VERBAL FLUENCY: Vocabulary control, expression capabilities through language.

NUMERIC FACTOR: Speed and accuracy while calculating

SPATIAL FACTOR: Ability for spatial sketching of objects, their movements and their changes.

MEMORY FACTOR: Aptitude for retaining and recalling what has been perceived

REASONING FACTOR: Aptitude for extracting conclusions from any given information.

PERCEPTIVE SPEED: Quick recognition of letters and numbers for distinguishing similarities and differences.

INTELLIGENCE FACTORS

Intelligence


‐ Ability ‐ Factor

(Sánchez Carlessi, 2003)Spatial ability composed by :

‐Aptitude‐Dexterity‐Skill

Ability (aptitude, skill y dexterity) is a feature inherent to human being . (Moreno Bayardo, 1998)

Initialpotential

Learning / training Skill

development

Abilityimprovement

Spatial Ability


Bennett, G.K., Seashore, H.G., & Wesman, A.G. (1972). Manual of Differential Aptitude Test. New York: The Psychological Corporation.Vandenberg, S., & Kuse, A. (1978). Mental Rotations: A Group Test of Three‐Dimensional Spatial Visualisation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47 (6), 599‐604

Spatial Ability

Sub‐Co

mpo

nents

Measure


Finding a sort of training useful for improving spatialabilities on Engineering students spending less time possible.

Easier comprehension of Engineering Graphics subject Easy solving of proposed tasks. Developing their sense for analyzing solutions. Design and projection skills.

Which is my purpose?


Students who access university are used to new technologies and computer use.

(Del Rio, Cobos, & Martínez, 2007), (Lorca, Merino, Recio, Ocaña, & Vicario, 2005), (Martin, Aperribay, Garmendia, Pérez, Albisua, & San Martin, 2007)

More attention and

interest

CAD tools, multimedia material and web resources

Less motivation and boredom in pen and paperexercises performed with traditional graphic

engineering tools

In the classroom, student show…

Its important into account…


Didactics contens and material.AR-Dehaes:

* Software * Exercices notebook* Explanatory video (six minutes) * Augmented Book

AR- Dehaes. Description


This pyramid depicts the different levels of thinking we use when learning. Notice how each level builds on the foundation that precedes it. It is required that we learn the lower levels before we can effectively use the skills above.

AR_Dehaes:Five session of training with a total duration of nine hour:

4 SESSION OF 2 H. 1 SESSION OF 1 H.



Knowledge



Comprehension

Applications



Analysis and Synthesis

Evaluation



• DEMOSTRATION


‐ 25 freshmen mechanical engineers (Web‐cam)

‐ 25 participants (Control Group)

Previous works. Training validation.

Results of the validation study indicated that studentswhich undertook training with AR_DEHAES improvedtheir levels of spatial ability compared to the controlgroup which didn’t undertake any kind of training.

Martín- Gutiérrez, J., Saorín, J. L., Contero, M., Alcañiz, M., Pérez-López, D.C., Ortega, M. (2010). Design and Validation of an Augmented Book for Spatial Abilities Development in Engineering Students. Computer & Graphics, 34(1), 77-91.


European Higher Education Area

• University teaching in Europe is currently immersed in a major process of change arising from the creation of the European Higher Education Area.

• The Spanish Ministry of Education has drafted a base line document for each qualification, containing the guidelines for universities to design the syllabus for each qualification.

• Engineering qualifications will have to provide students with “Spatial ability and command of graphic representation techniques, using both metric geometry and descriptive geometry, conventional methods as well as applying computer aided design”.


ACADEMIC YEAR 2010‐11‐ 225 freshmen mechanical

engineers (Web‐cam)‐ 10 freshmen mechanical

engineers (HMD)‐ 25 participants (Control Group)

Introducing Training on Engineering Degrees


t‐Student paired series test

MRT: P‐values=0.00DAT: P‐values=0.00



Results


Results


• In higher education, augmented reality can be a powerful tool.

To Conclude


Many thanks for your attention

ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science, through the “Not oriented Fundamental Investigation Projects” Projects ref. TIN2010‐21296‐C02‐01 and TIN2010‐21296‐C02‐02).

Jorge Martín‐Gutié[email protected]


Learning Enhancement in Higher Education. Validation of an Educational App Based on

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