LEARNING ABOUT THE CELL

• YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING AND LEARNING THE MATERIAL IN THIS CHAPTER ON YOUR OWN. YOU WILL BE TESTED ON THIS CHAPTER ALONG WITH CHAPTER 7, AND WILL DO A LAB.

• THE FOLLOWING SLIDES WILL HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANT MATERIAL THAT YOU MUST BE SURE TO LEARN AND UNDERSTAND

MICROSCOPES

• ROBERT HOOKE-1665

• MAGNIFICATION AND RESOLVING POWER

• THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROSCOPES AND WHEN THEY ARE USED

ORGANELLES TO KNOW FOR QUIZ

• MITOCHONDRION CENTRIOLES• LYSOSOMES CHROMOSOMES• GOLGI BODY NUCLEUS• RIBOSOMES CHLOROPLASTS• CYTOPLASM CELL WALL• CELL MEMBRANE NUCLEOLUS• NUCLEAR MEMBRANE MICROVILLI• VACUOLE• ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

STUDYING CELL ORGANELLES

• CELL FRACTIONATION-– WHAT IS IT AND HOW IS IT USED?– WHAT IS THE PROCESS INVOLVED IN

CELL FRACTIONATION?

A PANORAMIC V IEW OF THE CELL

• PROKARYOTIC V. EUKARYOTIC CELLS– KNOW AND UNDERSTAND THE MAJOR

DIFFERENCES– PROKARYOTES ARE FOUND ONLY IN

BACTERIA AND ARCHAEBACTERIA– EVERYTHING ELSE IS EUKARYOTIC

PROKARYOTIC CELL

CELL SIZE

• HOW DOES CELL SIZE EFFECT FUNCTION?

• KNOW ABOUT SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO

• WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

THE NUCLEUS

• WHAT IS INSIDE OF THE NUCLEUS?

• WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE?

• TERMS:– CHROMATIN, CHROMOSOMES,

NUCLEOLUS, NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZERS

THE NUCLEUS AND ITS ENVELOPE

RIBOSOMES

• WHAT IS THEIR FUNCTION?

• FREE RIBOSOMES V. BOUND RIBOSOMES

THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

• WHAT IS IT AND HOW DOES IT WORK?

• WHAT STRUCTURES ARE INCLUDED IN THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM?

• WHAT ARE VESICLES?

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (E.R.)

• FUNCTIONS?

• SMOOTH E.R. V. ROUGH E.R.– YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BOTH

TYPES -STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

GOLGI APPARATUS

• KNOW THE FUNCTION

• CIS FACE V. TRANS FACE– HOW DO THEY DIFFER IN BOTH

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION????

GOLGI APPARATUS

LYSOSOMES

• FUNCTION?

• OPTIMAL pH?

• FUNCTION OF LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANES?

• INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION– PHAGOCYTOSIS

LYSOSOME

VACOULES

• FUNCTION

• TYPES: FOOD VACUOLE CONTRACTILE

VACUOLE

CENTRAL VACUOLE

PLANT CELL VACUOLE

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ENDOMEMBRANES

• COMPONENTS OF THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ARE RELATED THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT OR THROUGH VESICLES

ENDOMEMBRANE RELATIONSHIPS

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

ROUGH E.R.SMOOTHE.R.

VESICLES

GOLGI APPARATUS

VESICLESLYSOSOMES& VACUOLES

PLASMAMEMBRANE

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ENDOMEMBRANES

PEROXISOMES

• FUNCTIONS?

• HOW DO THEY PRODUCE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE?

• SPECIALIZED PEROXISOMES– GLYOXYSOMES

MITOCHONDRIA

• FUNCTIONS?

• STRUCTURE– INTERMEMBRANE SPACE– MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX

MITOCHONDRIA

CHLOROPLASTS

• KNOW ABOUT EACH OF THE FOLLOWING– PLASTIDS– AMYLOPLASTS– CHROMOPLASTS– CHLOROPLASTS

STRUCTURE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE THYLAKOID SPACE STROMA

CHLOROPLAST

CYTOSKELETON

• HOW DOES THE CYTOSKELETON ORGANIZE THE STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITIES OF THE CELL?

• MICROTUBULES– TUBULIN STRUCTURE– FUNCTIONS

CYTOSKELETON

CENTROSOMES AND CENTRIOLES

• FUNCTION

• STRUCTURE

CENTROSOMES AND CENTRIOLES

CILIA AND FLAGELLA

• FUNCTION• STRUCTURE• HOW ARE THEY SIMILAR AND HOW ARE

DIFFERENT???• MICROTUBULAR CORE:9 +2

PATTERN• BASAL BODY• DYNEIN

STRUCTURE OF FLAGELLA OR CILIA

BEATING OF FLAGELLA V. CILIA

MICROFILAMENTS

• STRUCTURE

• FUNCTION

• HOW DO THEY WORK IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION?

• INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

MICROFILAMENTS AND MOTILITY

CELL SURFACES AND JUNCTIONS

• CELL WALLS• SECONDARY CELL WALLS• EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM)• INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS

– PLASMODESMATA– TIGHT JUNCTIONS– DESMOSOMES– GAP JUNCTIONS

PLANT CELL WALLS

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS IN ANIMALS