Learning
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Transcript of Learning
LEARNINGLEARNING
MEANINGMEANING• Learning is CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR ACQUIRED THROUGH
PRACTICE, TRAINIG EXPERIENCE.
• This is supplemented with 5 components:
1. Performance
2. Permanent Change
3. Behavior
4. Practice & Experience
5. Reinforcement
DEFINITIONDEFINITION
• Learning may be defined as “A RELATIVELY
PERMANENT CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR THAT
OCCURS AS A RESULT OF PRIOR
EXPERIENCE”
• Learning is “THE PROCESS OF HAVING ONE’S
MODIFIED, MORE OR LESS PERMANENTLY, BY
WHAT HE DOES & THE CONSEQUENCES OF
HIS ACTION, OR BY WHAT HE OBSERVES”
LEARNING THEORYLEARNING THEORYTHEORIES
Classical Conditioning
SocialConditioning
OperantConditioning
CognitiveConditioning
CLASSICAL CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING
• Ivan Pavlov introduced Classical Conditioning Theory in
20th Century.
• He states that “CLASSICAL CONDITIONG AS A PHYSICAL
EVENT – TERMED A STIMULUS THAT INITIALLY DOES
NOT ELEICIT A PARTICULAR RESPONSE GRADUALLY
ACQUIRES THE CAPACITY TO ELICIT THAT RESPONSE AS
A RESULT OF REPAETED PAIRING WITH A STIMULUS
THAT CAN ELICIT A REACTION”
• Thus classical conditioning is an event, repeated several
times evokes a desired response.
OPERANT CONDITIONGOPERANT CONDITIONG• Operant conditioning is also called INSTRUMENTAL
CONDITIONING.
• This refers to “ THE PROCESS THAT OUR BEHAVIOUR
PRODUCES CERTAIN CONSEQUENCES & HOW WE
BEHAVE IN THE FUTURE WILL DEPEND ON WHAT THESE
CONSEQUENCES ARE”
• Thus Operant Conditioning Theory is THE FUNCTION OF ITS
CONSEQUENCES.
COGNITIVE THEORYCOGNITIVE THEORY• The CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE about learning is
Cognitive Process.
• This process assumes that “ PEOPLE ARE CONSCIOUS,
ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN HOW THEY LEARN”.
• This assumes that the “ ORGANIZATION LEARNS THE
MEANING OF VARIOUS OBJECTS & EVENTS &
LEARNED RESPONSES DEPENDING ON THE MEANING
ASSIGNED TO THE STIMULI”.
FEEDBACKPRIOR
LEARNING
BEHAVIOURAL
CHOICE
PERCIEVEDCONSEQUENC
ES
COGNITIVE THEORY PROCESS
SOCIAL LEARNINGSOCIAL LEARNING
• This is also known as OBSERVATIONAL
LEARNING, SOCIAL LEARNING,
VICARIOUS LEARNING.
• Social Learning Theory emphasizes “
THE ABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO
LEARN BY OBSERVING OTHERS”
PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES• MOTIVATION
• REINFORCEMENT
• PUNISHMENT
• EXTINCTION
LEARNING STYLESLEARNING STYLES
Learning Styles are “ THE ABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO LEARN”
Learning Styles are of 4 types:
1.1. ACCOMODATORACCOMODATOR
2.2. DIVERGNCEDIVERGNCE
3.3. ASSIMILATIONASSIMILATION
4.4. CONVERGENCECONVERGENCE
LEARNING & OB
STIMULUS GENERALIZATIONSTIMULUS GENERALIZATIONSTIMULUS GENERALIZATIONSTIMULUS GENERALIZATION
DISCRIMINATION
STIMULI(WORK
SITUATION)
RESPONSE(CHOICE OF BEHAVIOUR)
CONSEQUENCE(REINFORCEME
NT)
STIMULUS(NEW WORKSITUATION)
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION Thus as there is Intra – personal learning, there is Thus as there is Intra – personal learning, there is
Organizational Learning too.Organizational Learning too.
Organizational Learning is “Organizational Learning is “ THE PROCESS THE PROCESS
THROUGH WHICH MANAGERS SEEK TO IMPROVE THROUGH WHICH MANAGERS SEEK TO IMPROVE
ORGANIZATION MEMBERS’ DESIRE & ABILITY TO ORGANIZATION MEMBERS’ DESIRE & ABILITY TO
UNDERSTAND & MANAGE THE ORGANOZATON & UNDERSTAND & MANAGE THE ORGANOZATON &
ITS ENVIRONMENT SO THAT THEY CAN ITS ENVIRONMENT SO THAT THEY CAN
ENHANCE ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS”ENHANCE ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS”..
THANK YOUTHANK YOU