Lean Manufacturing .

• Lean Manufacturing

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Lean manufacturing

1 'Lean manufacturing', 'lean enterprise', or 'lean production', often simply, 'lean', is a

production practice that considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other

than the creation of value (economics)|value for the end customer to be wasteful, and thus

a target for elimination. Working from the perspective of the customer who consumes a

product or service, value is defined as any action or process that a customer would be

willing to pay for.


Lean manufacturing

1 Lean manufacturing is a management philosophy derived

mostly from the Toyota Production System (TPS) (hence the term Toyotism is also prevalent) and

identified as lean only in the 1990s


Lean manufacturing - Overview

1 There is a second approach to lean Manufacturing, which is promoted by

Toyota, called The Toyota Way, in which the focus is upon improving the flow or smoothness of work,

thereby steadily eliminating mura (Japanese term)|mura (unevenness)

through the system and not upon 'waste reduction' per se


Lean manufacturing - Origins

1 In this case the public perception is more of a spectacular failure, than a

spectacular success, resulting in potentially an unfair tainting of the

lean manufacturing philosophies.Problems continue at Heathrow's Terminal 5, New York

Times, March 31, 2008 article [http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/03/

31/europe/heathrow.php]https://store.theartofservice.com/the-lean-manufacturing-toolkit.html

Lean manufacturing - A brief history of waste reduction thinking

1 The avoidance of waste has a long history. In fact many of the concepts now seen as key to lean have been

discovered and rediscovered over the years by others in their search to

reduce waste. Lean manufacturing builds on their experiences, including

learning from their mistakes.


Lean manufacturing - Pre-20th century

1 Most of the basic goals of lean manufacturing are common sense, and documented

examples can be seen as early as Benjamin Franklin. Poor Richard's Almanack says of wasted time, He that idly loses 5shilling|s.

worth of time, loses 5s., and might as prudently throw 5s. into the river. He added that avoiding unnecessary costs could be more profitable than increasing sales: A

penny saved is two pence clear. A pin a-day is a groat (coin)|groat a-year. Save and have.


Lean manufacturing - 20th century

1 American industrialists recognized the threat of cheap offshore labor to American workers during the 1910s, and explicitly stated the goal of what is now called lean manufacturing as

a countermeasure


Lean manufacturing - Lean leadership

1 After formulating the guiding principles of its lean manufacturing approach in the Toyota Production System (TPS), Toyota formalized in

2001 the basis of its lean management: the key managerial

values and attitudes needed to sustain continuous improvement in

the long run


Lean manufacturing - Differences from TPS

1 # 'Lack of understanding' is one of the key reasons that a large share of lean

manufacturing projects in the west fail to bring an benefit. In Factory Physics, Hopp

and Spearman describe this as romantic Just in time (business)|JIT, where the believe in the methods is more important than the actual understanding and results. In this aspect, lean manufacturing is more of a

religion than a science. Others have compared it to cargo cult science.


Lean manufacturing - Lean services

1 The challenge in moving lean to services is the lack of widely

available reference implementations to allow people to see how directly applying lean manufacturing tools

and practices can work and the impact it does have


Lean manufacturing - Lean goals and strategy

1 Lean Manufacturing: Tools, Techniques, and How to Use

Them, Boca Raton: St


Lean manufacturing - Lean goals and strategy

1 * Eliminate waste: Waste is any activity that consumes time,

resources, or space but does not add any value to the product or service.

See Lean Manufacturing|Types of waste, above.


Lean manufacturing - Steps to achieve lean systems

1 The following steps should be implemented to create the ideal lean

manufacturing system:[http://www.sae.org/manufact

uring/lean/column/leandec01.htm Thinking of Lean Manufacturing

Systems]


Lean manufacturing - Steps to achieve lean systems

1 # Continuously improve the lean manufacturing system design


Lean manufacturing - Design a simple manufacturing system

1 A fundamental principle of lean manufacturing is demand-based flow

manufacturing. In this type of production setting, inventory is only

pulled through each production center when it is needed to meet a

customer's order. The benefits of this goal include:


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Lean Manufacturing .

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