1. Nola PenderHealth Promotion Theory

2. Dr. Pender has been a nurse educator for over forty years. Throughout her career. She taught baccalaureate masters, and PhD students. She also mentored a number of postdoctoral fellows. In 1998, she received the Mae Edna Doyle Teacher of the Year award from the University of Michigan School of Nursing. She currently serves as a Distinguished Professor at Loyola University Chicago, School of Nursing.

3. She was the lady that started the Health Promotion Model in Nursing Care . She was born in August 16,1941 at Lansing, Michigan

4. II. Data: Features:This model is based on the idea that human beings are rational, and will seek their advantage in health.But the nature of this rationality is tightly bounded by things like self-esteem, perceived advantages of healthy behaviour , psychological states and previous behaviour.

5. As for the medical profession ingeneral, the main purpose here is not merely to cure disease, but topromote healthy lifestyles and choices that affect the health of individuals.

6. Function: The central function of thistheory is to show the individualas self-determining, but as alsodetermined by personal history and general personal characteristics.

7. Health is a dynamic process, not a static state. Health, to put it differently is a lifestyle conditioned by a number of choices made by the individual to actually live a health lifestyle.

8. Effects:The man effect of Pender’smodel is that it puts the onusof healthcare reform on theperson, not on the profession.

9. Healthcare is a series of intelligent , rational choices that promote health concerning things like diet, exercise and positive thinking. All of this are choices and ingredients in living healthy.

10. Unhealthy lifestyle, in other words, are the result of distorted thinking that may derive from ignorance of lack of self-esteem.

11. If these thoughts can bereformed (which is itself a life-long process ), then rationalchoices can take theirplace, leading to a trulyhealthy lifestyle.

12. Significance: health is up to the person. The significance here is that the medical profession is not really not the main ingredient in living a healthy lifestyle.

13. They might be an important part, but always serve a secondary role to the basic rational choices of healthy living.

14. The health profession, in other words, is useless unless individuals reform their own lives and perception of what is healthy.

15. Considerations:A rational alternative to dependency on the medical profession is the of a rational, i.e., healthy, life.

16. • A healthy lifestyle is the ultimate antidote to rising healthcare costs, since a rational population is a healthy one, which would naturally drive down healthcare costs.

17. oPender is an advocate of preventive medicine, which is another word for rational, healthy thinking and therefore healthy and rational living.

18. III. Contributions:Pender’s Healthy Promotion Model:Promotes healthy behaviors and encourages interpersonal guidance for the advancement of self-efficacy.Interpersonal reactions between nurses, community leaders and individuals to prevent disease.

19. 2 Concepts:1.Health Promotion is defined as behaviour motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential. It is an approach to wellness.

20. 2. Health protection or illnessPrevention is described as behaviour motivated desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early, or maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.

21. The major concepts and definitions of health promotion model: Individual characteristics and experience Prior related behaviour Frequency of the similar behaviour in the past. Direct and indirect effects in on the likelihood of engaging in health promoting behaviours

22. Personal factors Personal factors categories as biological, psychological and socio-cultural. These factors are predictive of a given behaviour and shaped by the nature of the target behaviour Personal biological factor Includes variables such as age gender body mass index pubertal status, aerobic capacity, strength , agility, or balance.

23. Personal psychological factors: Include variables such as self- esteem, self motivation, personal competence perceived health status and definition of health Personal socio-cultural factors Include such as race ethnicity, acculturation, education and socio economic status.

24. Behavioural specific cognition and effect Heath promoting behaviour: endpoint or action outcome directed towards attaining positive health outcome such as optional well being personal fulfilment and productive living.

25. Thank you!

H e a l t h P r o m o t i o n M o d e lThis page was last updated on January 31, 2012

I N T R O D U C T I O N

The health promotion model (HPM) proposed by Nola J Pender (1982;

revised, 1996) was designed to be a “complementary counterpart to

models of health protection.”

It defines health as "a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of

disease".

Health promotion is directed at increasing a client’s level of well being.

The health promotion model describes the multi dimensional nature of

persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health

J O R C O N C E P T S A N D D E F I N I T I O N S

Individual Characteristics and Experience

Prior related behaviour

Frequency of the similar behaviour in the past. Direct and indirect effects on the likelihood of engaging in health

promoting behaviors.

PERSONAL FACTORS

Personal factors categorized as biological, psychological and socio-cultural.

These factors are predictive of a given behavior and shaped by the nature of the target behaviour being

considered.

Personal biological factors - include variable such as age gender body mass index pubertal status, aerobic

capacity, strength, agility, or balance.

Personal psychological factors - include variables such as self esteem self motivation personal competence

perceived health status and definition of health.

Personal socio-cultural factors - include variables such as race ethnicity, accuculturation, education and

socioeconomic status.

PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF ACTION

Anticipated positive out comes that will occur from health behaviour.

PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO ACTION

Anticipated, imagined or real blocks and personal costs of understanding a given behaviour

PERCEIVED SELF EFFICACY

Judgment of personal capability to organise and execute a health-promoting behaviour.

Perceived self efficacy influences perceived barriers to action so higher efficacy result in lowered perceptions of

barriers to the performance of the behavior. 

ACTIVITY RELATED AFFECT

Subjective positive or negative feeling that occur before, during and following behavior based on the stimulus

properties of the behaviour itself.

Activity-related affect influences perceived self-efficacy, which means the more positive the subjective feeling, the

greater the feeling of efficacy. In turn, increased feelings of efficacy can generate further positive affect.

INTERPERSONAL INFLUENCES

Cognition concerning behaviours, beliefs, or attitudes of the others. Interpersonal influences include: norms

(expectations of significant others), social support (instrumental and emotional encouragement) and modelling

(vicarious learning through observing others engaged in a particular behaviour).

Primary sources of interpersonal influences are families, peers, and healthcare providers.

SITUATIONAL INFLUENCES

Personal perceptions and cognitions of any given situation or context that can facilitate or impede behaviour.

Situational influences may have direct or indirect influences on health behaviour.

Behavioural Outcome 

COMMITMENT TO PLAN OF ACTION

The concept of intention and identification of a planned strategy leads to implementation of health behaviour. 

IMMEDIATE COMPETING DEMANDS AND PREFERENCES

Competing demands are those alternative behaviour over which individuals have low control because there are

environmental contingencies such as work or family care responsibilities.

Competing preferences are alternative behaviour over which individuals exert relatively high control, such as

choice of ice cream or apple for a snack

HEALTH PROMOTING BEHAVIOUR

Endpoint or action outcome directed toward attaining positive health outcome such as optimal well-being, personal

fulfillment, and productive living.

R E F E R E N C E S

1. Marriner TA, Raile AM. Nursing theorists and their work. 5th ed. Sakraida T.Nola J. Pender. The Health Promotion

Model. St Louis: Mosby; 2005

2. Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research:Principles and methods. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;

2007

3. Black JM, Hawks JH, Keene AM. Medical surgical nursing. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2006. 

Potter PA, Perry AG. Fundamentals of nursing. 6th ed. St.Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2006.