Leaf structure of monocots can lead to Iden1fica1on · A bud is an undeveloped shoot from which...

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Leaf structure of monocots can lead to Iden1fica1on

Transcript of Leaf structure of monocots can lead to Iden1fica1on · A bud is an undeveloped shoot from which...

Page 1: Leaf structure of monocots can lead to Iden1fica1on · A bud is an undeveloped shoot from which leaves or flower parts grow. A leaf bud is composed of a short stem with embryonic

LeafstructureofmonocotscanleadtoIden1fica1on

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Page 3: Leaf structure of monocots can lead to Iden1fica1on · A bud is an undeveloped shoot from which leaves or flower parts grow. A leaf bud is composed of a short stem with embryonic
Page 4: Leaf structure of monocots can lead to Iden1fica1on · A bud is an undeveloped shoot from which leaves or flower parts grow. A leaf bud is composed of a short stem with embryonic
Page 5: Leaf structure of monocots can lead to Iden1fica1on · A bud is an undeveloped shoot from which leaves or flower parts grow. A leaf bud is composed of a short stem with embryonic
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LeavesasFoodGreensandHerbsParsley

Chives

SwissChard Endive

Spinach

Rhubarb LeafLeBuce

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PlantStructure/Anatomy

Buds

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BudStructureAbudisanundevelopedshootfromwhichleavesorflowerpartsgrow.

Aleafbudiscomposedofashortstemwithembryonicleaves.LeafbudsoIenarelessplumpandmorepointedthanflowerbuds.

Aflowerbudiscomposedofashortstemwithembryonicflowerparts.

FlowerBuds

LeafBud

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BudLoca1onTerminalorApicalbudsarelocatedattheapex(1p)ofastem.Lateraloraxillarybudsarelocatedonthesidesofastemandusuallyarisewherealeafmeetsastem(anaxil).Adven::ousbudsariseatsitesotherthantheterminaloraxillaryposi1on.Theymaydevelopfromroots,asteminternode,theedgeofaleafblade,orcallus1ssueatthecutendofastemorroot.Adven11ousbudsallowstem,leaf,androotcuOngstodevelopintoen1relynewplants.

Len:cels–raisedporesallowinggasexchange.

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BudsasFood

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PlantStructure/Anatomy

Flowers

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FlowersFlowershavesexualreproduc1onastheirsolefunc1on.FragranceandcoloraBractpollinators(insectsorbirds)thatplayanimportantroleinthereproduc1veprocess.

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FlowerStructure

Male FemaleorPis:l

(pollensac)

(eggs)Ifaneggisfer1lized,

theovuledevelopsintoaseed.

(protectsflowerbud)

(pollinatora@rac:on)

AllSepals=CalyxAllPetals=Corolla

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TypesofFlowersAcompleteflowerhasastamen,pis1l,petalsandsepals.Anincompleteflowerhasoneofthepartsmissing.

Perfectflowercontainsbothfunc1onalstamensandpis1ls.Imperfectflowerlackseitherstamensandpis1ls.Pis:llate(female)flowershavefunc1onalpis1lsbutlackstamens.Staminate(male)flowerscontainstamens,butnopis1ls.

CompleteFlower Imperfect(pis1llate)Flower

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PerfectbutIncomplete

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PlantswithImperfectFlowersAperfectflowerhasbothsexeswhileanimperfectflowerlacksoneortheother.Ifaspecieshasimperfectflowers,butbothmaleandfemaleflowersareonthesameplant,thatspeciesissaidtobemonoecious.Ifthemaleandfemaleflowersareonseparate,maleandfemaleplants,thatspeciesissaidtobedioecious.

GinkgoMalePlant GinkgoFemalePlant

MonoeciousCornDioeciousGinkgo

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Self-fruiVulplantsvs.Self-sterileplantsSelf-fruiFulplantscanbepollinatedwithpollenfromthesameflowerorpollenfromotherflowersonthesameplant.Thisistrueofmostplantspecies,butdoesnotprecludecross-pollina1on.

Self-sterileplantscannotbepollinatedwithpollenfromthesameflowerorpollenfromotherflowersonthesameplant.Theyrequirecross-pollina1onfromadifferentvariety.Thisistrueforsomeapple,plumandpearspecies.

“Whydoesn’tmy[apple/plum/pear]treeproducefruit?”

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PlantStructure/Anatomy

Fruits

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FruitStructureFruitconsistsoffer1lized,matureovules(seeds)plustheovarywall,whichmaybefleshy,asinanapple,ordryandhard,asinanacorn.

Theonlypartofthefruitthatcontaingenesfromboththemaleandfemaleflowersistheseed.Therestofthefruitarisesfromthematernalplantandisgene1callyiden1caltoit.

Insomefruits,theseedsareenclosedwithintheovary(e.g.apples).Inothers,seedsaresituatedontheoutsideoffruit1ssue(e.g.strawberries).

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TypesofFruitFruitsareclassifiedassimple,aggregate,ormul:ple.

Simplefruitsdevelopfromasingleovary.Theyincludefleshyfruitssuchascherriesandpeaches(drupe),pearsandapples(pome),andtomatoes(berries).Althoughgenerallyreferredtoasavegetable,tomatoestechnicallyareafruitbecausetheydevelopfromaflower.Squash,cucumbers,andeggplantsalsodevelopfromasingleovaryandareclassifiedbotanicallyasfruits.

Othertypesofsimplefruitaredryfruits.Theirwalliseitherpaperyorleatheryandhard,asopposedtothefleshyexamplesjustmen1oned.Examplesarepeanuts(legume),poppies(capsule),maples(samara),andwalnuts(nut).

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SimpleFruitTypesofFruit

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Aggregatefruitsdevelopsfromasingleflowerswithmanyovaries.Examplesarestrawberries,raspberries,andblackberries.Theflowerisasimpleflowerwithonecorolla,onecalyx,andonestem,butithasmanypis1lsorovaries.Eachovaryisfer1lizedseparately.Ifsomeovulesarenotpollinatedsuccessfully,thefruitwillbemisshapen.

TypesofFruitAggregateFruit

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Mul:plefruitsarederivedfroma1ghtclusterofseparate,independentflowersborneonasinglestructure.Eachflowerhasitsowncalyxandcorolla.Pineapplesandfigsareexamples.

TypesofFruitMul1pleFruit

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FleshyFruits

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DryFruits

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OPENPOLLINATED&HEIRLOOMS:Theseplantsaregenerallythesamefromgenera1ontogenera1on.Yousavetheseedandyou’llgetthesameplant.But,some1mesthereisgene1cdriI(theseedproducesadifferentkindofoffspring).ThestrangeplantcanberemovedtosavetheintegrityofthevarietyORsavedifithasadesirabletraityouarelookingfor.

AA AAAA AA AAAA AA AA

aa aaaa aa aaaa aa aa

TrueBreedingParents

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HYBRIDS:Ahybridplantistheresultofaspecificcrossoftwoparentplantsbycontrolledpollina1on–usuallybyhand.Thisprocesshasbeendoneforcenturiesbygardeners.Theextravitalitygainedinhybridplantsiscalledhybridvigor.Theseedsfromhybridplantswillnotproduceseedswhichwillgrowintothesamevariety.

AA AAaa Aa Aaaa Aa Aa

Aa AaAa AA AaAa Aa aa

HybridorF1(HybridVigor)

Aandaarealleles(Adominant;arecessive)

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GENETICALLYMODIFIEDORGANISM0RGMO’s:Theseplantsaredevelopedbytakingagenefromoneplantandinser1ngthisgeneintoanotherplanttogetadesirabletrait.GMOseedsarenotavailableforhomegardens.

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PlantProcesses/Physiology

Photosynthesis

Respira1on

Transpira1on

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Transpira1on

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Respira1on

6CO2+6H2O-energy

+6O2

glucose

variousstorageforms

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Photosynthesis

6CO2+6H2O+light

+6O2

glucose

variousstorageforms

Chloroplast

(+energy)

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fluidinbetweengrana,wherecarbohydrateforma1onoccurs

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stromaorstromatav.stomaorstomata

Thematrixofthechloroplastwhichisathickfluidinbetweengranawherevariousenzymes,moleculesandionsarefound,andwherethedarkreac1on(orcarbohydrateforma1onreac1ons)ofphotosynthesisoccurs.

A1nyporeinaplantleafsurroundedbyapairofguardcellsthatregulateitsopeningandclosure,andservesasthesiteforgasexchange.

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fluidinbetweengrana,wherecarbohydrateforma1onoccurs

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Chlorophylla&b

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Light-dependentReac1ons

StromaReac1ons

H2O O2

Light

ATP NADPH

glucose

NADP+ADP

CO2

ATP=StoredEnergy NADPH=StoredReducingPower

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LightDependentReac1ons

StromaReac1ons

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Environment HardinessZones

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h@p://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/

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h@p://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/

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Greetings from Canfield, Ohio

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Averagenumberofdayswithoutkillingfrost.

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DatesinspringaIerwhichthechanceoftemperaturesfallingto32Forlowerislessthan50%.

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Datesinfallbywhichthechanceofthefirst32Ftemperaturewillhaveoccurredis50%.

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Long-termaveragerainfall(inches)forgrowingseason,AprilthroughSeptember.

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BinomialNomenclature

CarolusLinnaeus(1707–1778)

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Thescien:ficname(speciesname)ofanyplant,animal,fungus,algaorbacteriumconsistsoftwoLa1nizedwords.Thefirstwordisthenameofthegenustowhichtheorganismbelongs.Thesecondwordisthespecificepithetorspecifictermofthespecies.Together,thegenusplusthespecificepithetmakeupthespeciesname.

BinomialNomenclature

Some1mesthenameorabbrevia1onofthebiologist(calledtheauthority)whonamedtheorganismfollowsthespeciesname.UlmusamericanaL.tellsusthatCarolusLinnaeus(L.)namedtheAmericanelm.

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Example: RedMaple=Acerrubrum

Theredmapleisinthe"maple"genus,whichiscalledAcer,anditsspecificepithetisrubrum,whichisLa1nforred.Therefore,thebinomialnameforthisspeciesisAcerrubrum.

Kingdom Planta--plants(~326,000species)

Subkingdom Tracheobionta--vascularplants(~287,000)

Division Magnoliophyta--angiosperms,floweringplants(~259,000)

Class Magnoliopsida--dicotyledons(~199,000)

Subclass Rosidae--flowerswithseparatepetals(~58,000)

Order Sapindales--woody,lobedorcompoundleaves(~5,700)

Family Aceraceae--oppositeleaves,wingedsamara;mostlymaples(~152)

Genus AcerL.--maples(~150)

Species AcerrubrumL.--redmaple(1)

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DicentraspectabilisArisaematriphyllum

Calthapalustris

BleedingHeartsJackinthePulpit

MarshMarigolds

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Ques/ons?


DESIGNS - embroideryonline.comn 10. Roses Light Pink Shading ..... 2171 n 11. Bud Leaves ..... 5833 n 12. Bud Leaf Dark Green Shading ..... 5944 n 13. Bud Leaf Medium Green Shading

DESIGNS - embroideryonline.comn 10. Roses Light Pink Shading ..... 2171 n 11. Bud Leaves ..... 5833 n 12. Bud Leaf Dark Green Shading ..... 5944 n 13. Bud Leaf Medium Green Shading

Young Leaf Shoot Tip Axillary Bud Node Internode.

Young Leaf Shoot Tip Axillary Bud Node Internode.

flower Documentation · flower Documentation, 0.9.1 format_task task‘format_task‘flowerconfig.py tasktask ‘format_task‘: fromflower.utils.templateimport humanize def format_task(task):

flower Documentation · flower Documentation, 0.9.1 format_task task‘format_task‘flowerconfig.py tasktask ‘format_task‘: fromflower.utils.templateimport humanize def format_task(task):

STATE TALENT SEARCH EXAMINATION-2015 | 01-11-2015 ......The means of vegetative propagation is Bryophyllum plant is (1) Auxillary bud (2) Apical bud (3) Flower bud (4) Leaf bud. 55.

STATE TALENT SEARCH EXAMINATION-2015 | 01-11-2015 ......The means of vegetative propagation is Bryophyllum plant is (1) Auxillary bud (2) Apical bud (3) Flower bud (4) Leaf bud. 55.

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Woody Plant ID · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION . Things To Use: 1. ... Leaf/Bud Arrangement Opposite ... Leaf Scars – Bundle Scars .

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Woody Plant ID · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION . Things To Use: 1. ... Leaf/Bud Arrangement Opposite ... Leaf Scars – Bundle Scars .

Unit 8 Plant Form and Function - Wikispaces28.pdf · Unit 8 Plant Form and Function Chapter 28: Plant ... Leaf scar Leaf scar Bud scar Leaf scar One-year-old branch formed from axillary

Unit 8 Plant Form and Function - Wikispaces28.pdf · Unit 8 Plant Form and Function Chapter 28: Plant ... Leaf scar Leaf scar Bud scar Leaf scar One-year-old branch formed from axillary

Plant Propagation by Cuttings a. Kinds of cuttings 1) Stem cuttings 2) Leaf-bud cutting (single-eye) 3) Root cuttings 4) Leaf cuttings b. Totipotency-The.

Plant Propagation by Cuttings a. Kinds of cuttings 1) Stem cuttings 2) Leaf-bud cutting (single-eye) 3) Root cuttings 4) Leaf cuttings b. Totipotency-The.

Asexual Propagation Textbook pages 101 - 119 Essential Questions: What are the reasons for propagating plants asexually? What are leaf and leaf-bud cuttings.

Asexual Propagation Textbook pages 101 - 119 Essential Questions: What are the reasons for propagating plants asexually? What are leaf and leaf-bud cuttings.

Propagation by Cutting. Herbaceous cuttings Stem Cuttings Leaf Cutting Leaf Bud Cutting Root Cutting.

Propagation by Cutting. Herbaceous cuttings Stem Cuttings Leaf Cutting Leaf Bud Cutting Root Cutting.

ORT Direct Shoot Bud Differentiation and Plantlet ... · a bud primordium above the leaf and petiole surface, which became visibleafter 3 weeks in culture (Figs. 1C and G). After

ORT Direct Shoot Bud Differentiation and Plantlet ... · a bud primordium above the leaf and petiole surface, which became visibleafter 3 weeks in culture (Figs. 1C and G). After

Bud break, leaf expansion Why Monitor Leaf Phenology?

Bud break, leaf expansion Why Monitor Leaf Phenology?

Bud, leaf and stem essential oil composition of clove

Bud, leaf and stem essential oil composition of clove

TEA sharing/Tea.pdf · 3 Tea Manufacture • Leaf harvest & Transport-An average plucking standard should have ideally about 75% fine leaf by weight comprising bud and two leaves.

TEA sharing/Tea.pdf · 3 Tea Manufacture • Leaf harvest & Transport-An average plucking standard should have ideally about 75% fine leaf by weight comprising bud and two leaves.

Para 3...leaf, epazote, black walnut hull, holy basil leaf, and clove bud. Holy basil functions as a driver for the sytemic distribution of the herbs in the body. • The liquid format

Para 3...leaf, epazote, black walnut hull, holy basil leaf, and clove bud. Holy basil functions as a driver for the sytemic distribution of the herbs in the body. • The liquid format

Collage flower ~ “homelife 6” · Collage flower ~ “homelife 6” ~ We are going to have fun tearing up paper and re assembling it into a collage - I made a flower but you

Collage flower ~ “homelife 6” · Collage flower ~ “homelife 6” ~ We are going to have fun tearing up paper and re assembling it into a collage - I made a flower but you

Almonds - Sustainable Farming Solutionssustainablefarming.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/...Almonds Pink Bud Bud Burst Flowering Leaf Growth Bud Initiation Soil Essentials - Products

Almonds - Sustainable Farming Solutionssustainablefarming.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/...Almonds Pink Bud Bud Burst Flowering Leaf Growth Bud Initiation Soil Essentials - Products

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development...Apical bud Node Internode Apical bud Shoot system Vegetative shoot Leaf Blade Petiole Axillary bud Stem Taproot Lateral branch roots Root

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development...Apical bud Node Internode Apical bud Shoot system Vegetative shoot Leaf Blade Petiole Axillary bud Stem Taproot Lateral branch roots Root

ku · 2015. 3. 24. · ticular bud to its supporting leaf, the position of the node should first be assessed. The leaf sheath may be very long but can be separated from the surface

ku · 2015. 3. 24. · ticular bud to its supporting leaf, the position of the node should first be assessed. The leaf sheath may be very long but can be separated from the surface

Bud rot and other major diseases of coconut, a potential ... · Bud rot of coconut. (Plate 1) Bud rot of coconut is a lethal disease. The first symptom is wilting of the spear leaf

Bud rot and other major diseases of coconut, a potential ... · Bud rot of coconut. (Plate 1) Bud rot of coconut is a lethal disease. The first symptom is wilting of the spear leaf

1 Bud or node: Out of this either a leaf or a fruit-bearing shoot ......8 1 2 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 Bud or node: Out of this either a leaf or a fruit-bearing shoot will develop.

1 Bud or node: Out of this either a leaf or a fruit-bearing shoot ......8 1 2 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 Bud or node: Out of this either a leaf or a fruit-bearing shoot will develop.