Leading up to WWIILeading up to WWII

Germany Germany

Economic ProblemsEconomic Problems Printed $ during Printed $ during

WWI (not increase WWI (not increase taxes)taxes)

InflationInflation Print more after war Print more after war

to pay reparationsto pay reparations Wheelbarrows full Wheelbarrows full

of $ for breadof $ for bread

1920s1920s

US lends $200 US lends $200 million to Germanymillion to Germany

Helped slow down Helped slow down inflationinflation

1920’s – US 1920’s – US economy helped economy helped worldworld

1929 – Stock 1929 – Stock market crashedmarket crashed

Great DepressionGreat Depression

US demands payments of world US demands payments of world loansloans

Demand for European goods Demand for European goods droppeddropped

World trade dropped by 65%World trade dropped by 65% Effects felt worldwideEffects felt worldwide

Rise of FascismRise of Fascism

Loyalty to state and obedience to its Loyalty to state and obedience to its leaderleader

Extreme nationalismExtreme nationalism Nations must struggle – Peaceful Nations must struggle – Peaceful

states were doomed to be conqueredstates were doomed to be conquered Loyalty to an authoritarian leaderLoyalty to an authoritarian leader Similar to communism (not seeking Similar to communism (not seeking

classless society)classless society)

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Founded Fascist Founded Fascist Party in 1919Party in 1919

Oct. 1922 – Oct. 1922 – 30,000 fascists 30,000 fascists marched on marched on RomeRome

King gave power King gave power to Mussolinito Mussolini

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Joined small right-Joined small right-wing political groupwing political group

Nationalist Socialist Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ German Workers’ Party – Nazi PartyParty – Nazi Party

1923 – Jail for 1923 – Jail for trying to seize trying to seize powerpower

Mein KampfMein Kampf

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

1924 – Revived 1924 – Revived Nazi partyNazi party

1933 – Hitler 1933 – Hitler became became ChancellorChancellor

Anti-Semitism -Anti-Semitism -Hatred of Jews Hatred of Jews (Jewish= 1% of (Jewish= 1% of pop)pop)

JapanJapan

Militarists Militarists Extreme nationalists Extreme nationalists Wanted to take over China Wanted to take over China Raw Raw

materials and marketsmaterials and markets Seized ManchuriaSeized Manchuria 1933 - Withdrew from League of 1933 - Withdrew from League of

NationsNations 1937 – Japan invades China1937 – Japan invades China

ItalyItaly

1935 - Mussolini 1935 - Mussolini attacks Ethiopia attacks Ethiopia

Used Suez CanalUsed Suez Canal GB just lets themGB just lets them

Hitler – Not obeying Hitler – Not obeying VersaillesVersailles 1935 – Builds up army1935 – Builds up army 1936 – Germans move into Rhineland1936 – Germans move into Rhineland

– Weak response by British and FrenchWeak response by British and French Oct. 1936 – Germany, Italy, Japan make Oct. 1936 – Germany, Italy, Japan make

up Axis powersup Axis powers March 1938 – Hitler annexes AustriaMarch 1938 – Hitler annexes Austria Sep. 1938 – Hitler demanded Sep. 1938 – Hitler demanded

Sudentland (regions in Czech)Sudentland (regions in Czech) Czechs refuse and ask France for helpCzechs refuse and ask France for help

Munich ConferenceMunich Conference

Sep 29Sep 29thth, 1938, 1938 Preserve peace by giving into Hitler Preserve peace by giving into Hitler

Allow them to take Sudentland Allow them to take Sudentland But respect Czech borderBut respect Czech border Less than 6 months Less than 6 months Hitler takes Hitler takes

CzechCzech Demanded ports in PolandDemanded ports in Poland Mussolini takes AlbaniaMussolini takes Albania

Nonaggression PactNonaggression Pact Aug 23, 1939 – Nazis Aug 23, 1939 – Nazis

and Soviets sign and Soviets sign nonaggression pactnonaggression pact

Sep 1 Germans to Sep 1 Germans to attack Poland attack Poland without Russian without Russian interferenceinterference

Sep 3 Britain and Sep 3 Britain and France declared war France declared war on Germanyon Germany

War In EuropeWar In Europe

Nonaggression Pact Nonaggression Pact (cont’d)(cont’d) Divide PolandDivide Poland USSR to take Finland, Lithuania, USSR to take Finland, Lithuania,

Latvia, EstoniaLatvia, Estonia Taking Finland was more difficultTaking Finland was more difficult

– March 1940 Russians win FinlandMarch 1940 Russians win Finland

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

““Lightning Lightning War”War”

Fast moving Fast moving tanks, planes, tanks, planes, infantryinfantry

ChronologyChronology

April 9, ’40 – Hitler surprise April 9, ’40 – Hitler surprise invasion of Norway and Denmarkinvasion of Norway and Denmark

May ’40 – sweep through May ’40 – sweep through Netherlands, Belgium, LuxemburgNetherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg

May ’40 – Germans trapped Allies May ’40 – Germans trapped Allies in northern Francein northern France

June 14 – Germans had taken ParisJune 14 – Germans had taken Paris June 22 – France surrenderedJune 22 – France surrendered

The Battle of Britain – The Battle of Britain – Summer ’40-May ’41Summer ’40-May ’41

Winston Churchill Winston Churchill – British Prime – British Prime MinisterMinister

Hitler wanted to Hitler wanted to wipe out Royal Air wipe out Royal Air Force, then land Force, then land troops in Englandtroops in England

Night BombingNight Bombing GB radar, EnigmaGB radar, Enigma GB VictoryGB Victory

Hitler turns to Hitler turns to Mediterranean and Mediterranean and RussiaRussia

Attacked N. Attacked N. Africa (Mussolini Africa (Mussolini Egypt) Egypt)

British fight back British fight back in Egypt – Hitler in Egypt – Hitler comes to helpcomes to help

Erwin Rommel Erwin Rommel German general German general “Desert Fox”“Desert Fox”

Balkans - 1941Balkans - 1941

Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary join AxisBulgaria, Romania, Hungary join Axis Hitler invades Greece and YugosloviaHitler invades Greece and Yugoslovia This allows invasion of USSR – June This allows invasion of USSR – June

22, 194122, 1941 Leningrad hit hard, but didn’t Leningrad hit hard, but didn’t

surrendersurrender Turned to Moscow – “No Retreat” in Turned to Moscow – “No Retreat” in

winterwinter

US NeutralityUS Neutrality

Sep 1939 – Allies could buy Sep 1939 – Allies could buy American armsAmerican arms

Atlantic Charter – Free trade Atlantic Charter – Free trade among nations among nations

Sep 4 1941 – U-boat fired on US Sep 4 1941 – U-boat fired on US destroyerdestroyer