Leadership and Motivation
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Transcript of Leadership and Motivation
Professional Certificate in
Human Resources Management
Leadership and Motivation
Mahesh Weeratunge
Certified Professional Marketer
MBA (UK), CPM(APMF), MAPMF, PG. Dip(M) SL, Dip M(SL), MSLIM
Snr. Lecturer, Examiner, Corporate Trainer and Practitioner
Planning
Organizing
Leading Staffing
Controlling
Human Resources Management
Process
The Nature of Leadership
Contemporary Leadership
From Management to Leadership
Leadership Traits
Behavioral Approach
Contingency Approaches
Charismatic and Transformational Leadership
Power and Influence
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Overview
Leadership occurs among people, involves
the use of influence (relationship among
people) and is used to attain goals.
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The Nature of Leadership
Leadership define as ability to influence
people towards the attainment of goals
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Leadership
Leadership style (how we think and practice)
drastically changed due to ethical and economic
difficulties, corporate governance, globalization,
change in technology, new way of working, shifting
employee expectation, significant social transition
are few.
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Modern Leadership
Level 5 Leadership
Servant Leadership
Authentic Leadership
Interactive Leadership
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Leadership Approach in
Present Context
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Level 5 LeadershipJim Collins and research associates
A servant leader go-beyond self-interest to
serve others and the organization
Servant Leaders are operate on two levels:
◦ Fulfillment for their subordinate's goals and
needs
◦ Realization of the larger purpose or mission of
their organization.
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Servant Leadership
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Characteristics of Servant
Leadership
Listening
Empathy
Healing/ Remedial
Awareness
Persuasion
Foresight/Anticipation
Commitment to the growth of
people
Building community
Authentic leadership refers to leadership by
individuals who know and understand
themselves, who adopt and act consistent
with higher order ethical values, and who
empower and inspire others with their
openness and authenticity.
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Authentic Leadership
Purpose with a passion
◦ Know purpose of leadership
◦ Demonstrate high passion and commitment to purpose, and
inspire commitment from followers
Practice Solid values
◦ Values shaped by personal belief and stay true them even
under pressure
Lead with the heart and the head
Establish Connected relationship
Demonstrate self discipline
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Characteristics of Authentic
Leadership
Leader favor consensual (which people in
general agree with) and collaborative process
and influence drivers from relationship rather
than position power and formal authority.
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Interactive Leadership
Manager Quality Leader Quality
Rational / Balanced Visionary
Maintains stability Promote change
Assigns tasks Defines Purpose
Organize Nurtures/influence
Analyze Innovates
Position Power Personal Power
Do things right Do the right thing
Direct People Motivate
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Manager Vs Leader
Traits are distinguishing personal
characteristics;
◦ Intelligence
More intelligent than non-leaders, Scholarship,
Knowledge, Being able to get things done
◦ Energy and Personality
Verbal facility, Honesty, Initiative, Aggressive,
Ambitious, Sociability, Adaptability
◦ Self confidence
◦ Independence Mahesh Weeratunge 15
Leadership Traits
Two basic leadership behaviors
identified as important for leadership are
◦ Task oriented behavior
◦ People oriented behavior
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Behavioral Approach
Contingency leadership approach means;
leadership that can be changed according to
the given situation on condition
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Contingency
Approaches
Fiedler’s Contingency Theory describe the
suitability of a leadership style is determined by
whether the situation is considered favorable or
unfavorable to the leader.
Starting point is extent to which the leadership is
task oriented or people oriented.
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Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
Charismatic leader is a leader who has the
ability to inspire and motivate people to go
beyond their expected performance, even to
the point of personal sacrifice
◦ Eg. Mother Theresa, Religious and Terrorist
leaders
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Charismatic and
Transformational Leadership
Transformational leader is distinguished by
special ability to bring about innovation and
change by creating an inspiring vision,
shaping values, building relationship and
providing meaning for followers. Acting as a
role model.
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Charismatic and
Transformational Leadership
Motivation
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Motivation is the arousal of enthusiasm and
persistence to examine a certain course of
action.
Motivation can be due to;
◦ External factor
◦ Factor within the person
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Motivation
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Motivation
Basic motivational concepts
Motivation—the forces within the individual that account for
the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at
work.
Reward—a work outcome of positive value to the individual
Extrinsic rewards—valued outcomes given to someone by
another person.
Intrinsic rewards—valued outcomes that occur naturally as a
person works on a task.
Need
BehaviorReward
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Simple Model of Motivation
Rewards are of two types
◦ Intrinsic rewards – satisfaction performing a
particular action.
◦ Extrinsic rewards – receive from outside
party or another person such as salary
increment etc.
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Rewards
Content theories emphasize the need that
motivate people
◦ Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
◦ ERG Theory
◦ Herzberg Two Factor Theory
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Content Perspectives on
Motivation
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Modified version of Maslow by Clayton
Alderfer
ERG identified three categories of needs
◦ Existence Need
◦ Relatedness Needs
◦ Growth Needs
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ERG Theory
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Two Factor Motivational Theory
Hygiene factors are needed to ensure an employee
does not become dissatisfied. They do not lead to
higher levels of motivation, but without them there is
dissatisfaction.
People are influenced by two factors:
Motivation factors are needed in order to motivate an
employee into higher performance. These factors result
from internal generators in employees.
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Examples of “Hygiene” Needs or
Maintenance FactorsThe organization, its policies & administration
Kind of supervision (leadership & management, including perceptions)
Relationship with supervisor
Work conditions (including ergonomics)
Salary
Status
Job security
Interpersonal relations
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True Motivators
Achievement
Recognition for achievement
Work itself (interest in the task)
Responsibility
Growth and advancement
How people select behaviors with which to
meet their needs and determine whether their
choices were successful
◦ Goal Setting Theory
◦ Equity Theory
◦ Expectancy Theory
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Process Perspectives on
Motivation
Key components of Goal setting theory
◦ Goal Specificity
◦ Goal difficulty – easy goals less motivated and less
challenges. So less output
◦ Goal Acceptance – commitment
◦ Feedback – how well they work in achieving goals
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Goal Setting Theory
Equity theory focuses on individuals’ perception of
how fairly they are treated compared with others.
Inequity occurs when the input-to-outcome ratio are
out of balance.
◦ Eg; inexperienced employee and experienced and
qualified employee getting the same salary.
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Equity Theory
Expectancy theory discuss that motivation depends on
individuals’ expectations are about their ability to
perform task and received desired task.
This is discussed with Victor Vroom study of the
subject.
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Expectancy Theory
Reinforcement theory looks at the relationship between
behavior and its consequences
This focuses on changing or modifying employees on
the job behavior through the appropriate use of
immediate rewards or punishments
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Reinforcement Perspective on
Motivation