Leadership and Growth

8/14/2019 Leadership and Growth

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Cikdirsmap ked Nrlwtm

Dkvad Brkdy

@aomkic _pieoi

Idatlrs


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Ol``assale le Nrlwtm ked Diviclp`iet


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Idatid by Dkvad Brkdy ked @aomkic _pieoi

Oletrabutales byDkvad Brkdy

@aomkic _pieoi

Dkrle Koi`lncu

_kdaq Kmìd

Girekedl Mieraqui Okrdlsl

Kcvae Ien

Idukrdl Nrkigg

@actle K. Aylmk

_kediip @kmkjke

^kmaduddae @kmùd

Biejkàe accak` @hkpk

Idwkrd Rlbaesle

Jkìs Rlbaesle

Tml`ks Rusumuzwk Hankbl

Tke Qae Qaen

OL@@A__ALE LE NRL^TM KED DIWICLV@IET


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26;6 Tmi Aetirektalekc Bkeh glr Riolestruotale ked Diviclpìet /Tmi ^lrcd BkehLe bimkcg lg tmi Ol`àssale le Nrlwtm ked Diviclpìet;=;= M _triit E^^ksmaentle, DO 264??Ticipmlei: 262-4>?-;666

Aetireit: www.wlrcdbkeh.lrn www.nrlwtmol`àssale.lrnI-`kac: aeglFwlrcdbkeh.lrn oletkotaeglFnrlwtmol`àssale.lrn

Kcc ranmts risirvid

; 2 ? 4 ;2 ;; ;6 61

Tmas vlcuì as k prlduot lg tmi Ol`àssale le Nrlwtm ked Diviclpìet,wmaom as spleslrid by tmi glcclwaen lrnkeazktales:

Kustrkcake Knieoy glr Aetirektalekc Diviclpìet (KusKAD)Dutom @aeastry lg Glriane Kggkars_widasm Aetirektalekc Diviclpìet Ollpirktale Knieoy (_ADK)Y.H. Dipkrtìet glr Aetirektalekc Diviclpìet (DGAD)Tmi accak` ked Gclrk Miwcitt GluedktaleTmi ^lrcd Bkeh Nrlup

Tmi edaens, aetirpritktales, ked oleocusales ixprissid miriae dl elteioisskracy rifliot tmi vaiws lg tmi spleslraen lrnkeazktales lr tmi nlvire-ìets tmiy riprisiet.

Tmi spleslraen lrnkeazktales dl elt nukrketii tmi koourkoy lg tmi dktkaeocudid ae tmas wlrh. Tmi bluedkrais, olclrs, dielàektales, ked ltmiraeglr`ktale smlwe le key `kp ae tmas wlrh dl elt a`pcy key judnìet letmi pkrt lg tmi spleslraen lrnkeazktales oleoireaen tmi cinkc stktus lg keytirratlry lr tmi iedlrsiìet lr kooiptkeoi lg suom bluedkrais.

Kcc quirais le ranmts ked caoiesis, aeocudaen subsadakry ranmts, smlucd bikddrissid tl tmi Lgoi lg tmi Vubcasmir, Tmi ^lrcd Bkeh, ;=;= M _triitE^, ksmaentle, DO 264??, Y_K8 gkx: 262-922-24228 i-`kac: pubranmtsFwlrcdbkeh.lrn.

A_BE: 1>=-6-=2;?-=;66->

iA_BE: 1>=-6-=2;?-=;6;-4DLA: ;6.;917/1>=-6-=2;?-=;66->

Cabrkry lg Olenriss Oktkclnaen-ae-Vubcaoktale DktkCikdirsmap ked nrlwtm / idatid by Dkvad Brkdy ked @aomkic _pieoi. p. o`. Aeocudis babcalnrkpmaokc rigirieois ked aedix. A_BE 1>=-6-=2;?-=;66-> A_BE 1>=-6-=2;?-=;6;-4 (iciotrleao);. CikdirsmapDiviclpaen oluetrais. 2. Diviclpaen oluetraisIolelào plcaoy. ?. Iolelào diviclpìet--Diviclpaen oluetrais.A. Brkdy, Dkvad ., ;146 AA. _pieoi, @aomkic.

MD9>.>.C4?;4? 2661 ?6?.?'461;>24--do22 26616?6?1?

Olvir disane: Ekyclr Disane


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Oletiets v

Oletiets

Vrigkoi ax

^lrhsmlp Vkrtaoapkets xax

Kblut tmi Idatlrs ked Oletrabutlrs xxa

Kohelwcidnìets xxv

Kbbrivaktales xxvaa

; Cikdirsmap ked Vlcataos:K Virspiotavi grl` tmi Ol`àssale leNrlwtm ked Diviclpìet ;

Dkvad Brkdy ked @aomkic _pieoi

2 Cikdirsmap glr Nrlwtm, Diviclpìet, ked VlvirtyRiduotale: Ke Kgraoke Waiwplaet ked Ixpiraieoi ;1Biejkàe âccak` @hkpk

? Cikdirsmap, Vlcaoy @khaen, [ukcaty lg IolelàoVlcaoais, ked Tmiar Aeocusavieiss:Tmi Oksi lg Rwkedk =;Tml`ks Rusumuzwk Hankbl


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va Oletiets

4 Virspiotavis le Nrlwtm:K Vlcataokc-Iolel`y GrkìwlrhCissles grl` tmi _aenkplri Ixpiraieoi 11Tke Qae Qaen, Kcvae Ien, ked Idwkrd Rlbaesle

9 Tmi Rlci lg Aestatutales ae Nrlwtmked Diviclpìet ;?9Dkrle Koi`lncu ked Jkìs Rlbaesle

7 Cikdirsmap, Vlcaoy @khaen, ked IolelàoNrlwtm ae Kgraoke Oluetrais:Tmi Oksi lg Eanirak ;79@actle K. Aylmk

> Vlcataokc Cikdirsmap ked Iolelào Riglr`:Tmi Brkzacake Ixpiraieoi ae tmi Oletixtlg Cktae Kìraok ;19Girekedl Mieraqui Okrdlsl ked Idukrdl Nrkigg

= Iolelào Riglr`s, Nrlwtm, ked Nlvirekeoi:Tmi Vlcataokc Iolel`y Kspiotslg Bkenckdisms Diviclpìet _urprasi 22>^kmaduddae @kmùd, _kdaq Kmìd, ked _kediip @kmkjke

Aedix 299

Blxis

2.;. Assuis le Iduoktale Rkasid by Eyiriri kt tmi YE ae ;197 21

2.2. Tir`s lg Rigirieoi tl tmi Vrisadietakc Ol`àssale

glr tmi Istkbcasmìet lg k Lei-Vkrty Vlcataokc _ysti` 4;

2.?. Clohid Lut lg Vrlspiraty 76

2.4. Tmi Aevistìet Oca`kti Gkoacaty 7;

2.9. Brabi Vkyirs Aedix 71

2.7. Tkx Mkvies Okusi Vlvirty >6

Ganuris

2.;. Cinkc _tktus lg Busaeissis ked Vrlpirty ae Tkezkeak 9=

2.2. Tkezkeake Ricivket Aedaoktlrs ae 2669 91

4.;k. Rikc pir Okpatk NDV (;1762666) ;66

4.;b. Rkeni lg Rikc pir Okpatk NDV (;1762666) ;66

4.2. Hireic Diesaty Vclt lg Nclbkc Aeolì Dastrabutale(ae aetirektalekc dlcckrs) ;6;


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Oletiets vaa

4.?. Hireic Diesaty Vclt lg Nclbkc Aeolì Dastrabutale

(ricktavi tl bieom`krh oluetry) ;62

4.4. _okttir Vclt lg Kvirkni Nrlwtm (QLQ %),

;176=6 knkaest ;1=;266? ;69

4.9. Tmi Iolelào Nrlwtm Oyoci ;6=

4.7. Garst VmksiA`plrt _ubstatutale ked @irnirwatm @kckysak (;19179) ;;;

4.>. _ioled VmksiGrl` A`plrt _ubstatutale

tl Ixplrt-Lraietid Nrlwtm (;177>?) ;;?

4.=. Tmard VmksiAedustrakc Ristruoturaen (;1>?=4) ;;4

4.1. Glurtm VmksiAedustrakc Davirsaoktale

ked Oleslcadktale (;1=91>) ;;7

4.;6. Gagtm VmksiTlwkrd k Helwcidni-Bksid Iolel`y

(;11= tl prisiet) ;;>

9.;. Tmi Ditiràekets lg Aestatutales ;42

7.;. Rikc NDV pir Okpatk, ;1762666 ;>;

7.2. Aevistìet ks k _mkri lg NDV ;>?

Tkbcis

;.;. ;? _uooiss _tlrais lg _ustkaeid, Manm Nrlwtm ?

?.;. Rikc Iolelào Nrlwtm by _iotlrs grl` 2664 tl 266= =4

?.2. Rurkc Aevistìet Gkoacatais 1?

?.?. Diviclpìet lg Vrlgissalekccy [ukcaid Rwkedke

_oaietasts ked Ienaeiirs 19

4.;. Tie Nrlwtm _uooissis, ;176266? ;62

4.2. Tie Nrlwtm Cknnkrds, ;176266? ;6?

4.?. Kvirkni Nrlwtm (QLQ %) lvir ;176=6 ked ;1=;266? ;64

4.4. Oktinlrazktale lg Iolelàis Bksid le Aeolì Trkjiotlrais ;67

4.9. Ekturkc Iedlwìets ;;1

4.7. Aestatutalekc [ukcaty ;26

4.>. Cikdirsmap [ukcaty ;26

4.=. Di`lorkoy ked Vlcataokc Ranmts ;2;

4.1. _loakc Olesiesus ;22

4.;6. Ol`plsati _olris ;24

4.;;. Ol`plsati _olris glr _aenkplri le Grkìwlrh Aedaoktlrs ;24

7.;. Ixioutavi Trkesatales ;77

7.2. Rinalekc Baks ae Lac Rivieui Kccloktale ;7>

7.?. Okpatkc Gcanmt, ;1>2=1 ;7=

7.4. Vir Okpatk Rikc Aeolì ked Ats Nrlwtm Rkti ;>;


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vaaa Oletiets

7.9. Iolelào Virglr`keoi Aedaoktlrs, 266;67 ;=2

7.7. EanirakGlriane Aevistìet Aefllws, 266;67 ;=?

7.>. _iciotid Dktk le Aegrkstruoturi ;=9

7.=. _iotlrkc _mkris ae Lutput, ;1762667 ;=9

7.1. _iotlrkc Keeukc Nrlwtm Rktis, ;1762667 ;=>

7.;6. Ixomkeni Rkti, ;1792667 ;==

7.;;. Tir`s lg Trkdi, ;1=62669 ;=1

7.;2. Ol`pkrktavi Rikc pir Okpatk NDV Nrlwtm Rktis ;16

7.;?. Nrlwtm Lutcllh, _iotlrkc Oletrabutale tl NDV Nrlwtm ;1;

=.;. @korliolelào Bkckeois, ;1=6/=;2664/698

Gavi-Qikr Kvirknis 2?;

=.2. Bkenckdism: Nrlwtm lg Ixplrts saeoi ;116 2??

=.?. Kvirkni Rktis lg Oustl`s Dutais ked Kcc Vrltiotavi

A`plrt Dutais 2?>

=.4. Nlvireìet Ixpiedaturi le Mikctm ked Iduoktale 2?1

=.9. Trieds ae Vlvirty ked Aeolì Dastrabutale ae Rurkc

ked Yrbke Kriks, ;11;/12 tl 2669 24>

=.7. A`prlviìets ae _lì Mu`ke Diviclpìet Aedaoktlrs

saeoi ;116, Bkenckdism ked _lutm Ksak 24=


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Vrigkoi ax

Ae tmas bllh, glrìr plcaoy `khirs ked prkotataleirs rifliot le tmi rlci lg

cikdirsmap ae iolelào nrlwtm. Oataen `key ixk`pcis lg cikdirs `khaen

dioasales tmkt oletrabutid `ktirakccy tl kooicirktaen ked sustkaeaen clen-

tir` nrlwtm, tmiy dl elt dlubt tmkt cikdirsmap kttirs. Tmi rlci lg Dien

]aklpaen ae Omaek as lei oleoriti ixk`pci ae wmaom k omlaoi tl kcclw

gkrìrs tl nrlw orlps ae ixoiss lg qultks yaicdid iolelào nrlwtm. Tmi

dioasale ae tmi ikrcy ;176s by Vrisadiet Vkrh lg tmi Ripubcao lg Hlrik tl

aedustrakcazi tmi oluetry as keltmir ixk`pci lg cikdirs pckyaen ke a`plr-

tket oktkcyzaen rlci ae iolelào nrlwtm. Kctmlunm prkotataleirs i`pmk-

sazi tmi rlci lg cikdirs ae iolelào nrlwtm, tmi sloakc soaieois mkvi biie

sclw tl iksuri ked aeocudi cikdirsmap ae tmiar iolelào nrlwtm ldics,

ckrnicy biokusi lg tmi iedlnieiaty prlbci`. Tmkt as, kctmlunm lei oke

ocka` tmkt Dien ked Vkrh `kdi dioasales tmkt cid tl iolelào nrlwtm aeOmaek ked Hlrik, rispiotavicy, at as plssabci tmkt wmlivir wks ae plwir ae

Omaek ked Hlrik wlucd mkvi `kdi tmi skì dioasale lr k dioasale sug-

oaietcy saàckr tl yaicd uom tmi skì risuct. Ae Omaek, Diens knraoucturkc

riglr` glcclwid tmi gkacuri lg tmi Oucturkc Rivlcutale. Ae Hlrik, tmi rurkc

iolel`y wks scu`paen, prltistlrs wiri ae tmi striits, ked `krtakc ckw

mkd biie ae pckoi saeoi tmi ied lg ^lrcd ^kr AA. Bltm oluetrais wiri gko-

aen siralus iolelào ked plcataokc prlbci`s, ked omkeni wks bltm eiois-

skry ked prlbkbci. Ag key ltmir cikdir mkd `kdi saàckr omlaois, mlw

olucd wi `ldic lr ìksuri cikdirsmap< _aeoi mastlry dlis elt ripikt

atsicgwi okeelt substatuti Zmlu Ie-cka glr Dien ked rirue tmi taìpiraldwi kri cigt watm ixk`pcis ked tmi iedlnieiaty prlbci`.

Vrigkoi


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x Vrigkoi

Tmi bksao quistale lg wmaom waicds lri aefluieoi lvir iviets, tmi cikdir

lr tmi taìs, as ke keoaiet lei. Tmi i`pmksas le lei lr tmi ltmir wkxis ked

wkeis lvir tmi yikrs. Tml`ks Okrcycis mastlry (;=4;) i`pmksazaen nrikt

ìe wks dlàeket k oietury knl. _uom tmilrais mkvi saeoi wkeid, ked

tmlsi i`pmksazaen ixlnielus gkotlrs mkvi wkxid. Jkrid Dak`leds kekcy-

sas lg suooissguc iolelàis (;11>) i`pmksazis ixtirekc gkotlrs kt tmi ixpiesi

lg dioasales `kdi by cikdirs. Rioiet wlrh ae iolelàos, mlwivir, mks

smlwe tmkt cikdirs oke `khi k daggirieoi ae oluetrais nrlwtm rktis. Vkr-

taouckrcy a`plrtket as Jleis ked Lchies (2669) okriguc study, wmaom ole-

trlcs glr iedlnieiaty by ixkàeaen tmi olesiquieois lg cikdirs dyaen ae

lgoi, grl` iatmir kooadiets lr ekturkc okusis.

Ae tmas bllh, wmaom as pkrt lg tmi wlrh lg tmi Ol`àssale le Nrlwtm

ked Diviclpìet, wi dl elt purplrt tl slcvi tmas clen-stkedaen prlbci`.

î dl elt mkvi k saenci study ae wmaom wi ìksuri ked `ldic cikdirsmap

ae slì wky sl ks tl kvlad tmi iedlnieiaty prlbci`. Rktmir, lur kpprlkom

mks biie tl ol`àssale k sirais lg omkptirs tmkt olvir oluetrais, aestatu-tales, ked plcaoy dioasales ae ke ktti`pt tl smlw mlw cikdirs dioasales

kggiot iolelào nrlwtm ked diviclpìet.

_lìtaìs tmi cikdirs kotales kri quati spioao, sit ae k navie oluetry

ked dikcaen watm k spioao prlbci`. Ae ltmirs, tmi cikdirs rlcis ivlcvi lvir

taì. _lì omkptirs ixpclri tmi nieirkc omkrkotirastaos lg plcaoy omlaois

korlss oluetrais. Ae kddatale, wi aeocudi omkptirs kblut tmi a`plrtkeoi lg

cikdirs omllsaen tmi ranmt aestatutalekc krrkeniìets ks wicc ks tmi ranmt

plcaoais. Ae smlrt, wi tkhi ke iociotao vaiw tlwkrd tmi rlci lg cikdirs ae

nieirktaen iolelào nrlwtm ked diviclpìet, tmi bittir tl nkae puromksi

le k dagouct tlpao.Tmi bllh binaes watm ke lvirvaiw issky by tmi idatlrs. Tmi omkptir by

Brkdy ked _pieoi drkws le tmi Ol`àssales edaens, pkpirs, ked tista-

`ley tl dastacc wmkt as helwe kblut tmi rlci lg cikdirsmap ae iolelào

nrlwtm. Tmi praeoapkc ocka` as tmkt plcataokc cikdirs dioasales `kttir ked

tmkt kt vkralus stknis ae tmi prloiss tmiy kppikr tl kttir lri. Tmi omlaoi

lg k nrlwtm ldic as ispioakccy a`plrtket. At as oruoakc tl kdlpt ke kpprlkom

tmkt civirknis tmi nclbkc iolel`y, ixpclataen ckrni aetirektalekc `krhits

ked tmi stloh lg glriane helwcidni. Tmi cikdir ust kcsl buacd k olesiesus

ae gkvlr lg tmi ldic, biokusi key strktiny eiids sugoaiet taì tl suooiid.

Wasabci ivadieoi lg suooiss buacds lvir taì ked as gkr grl` aestketkeilus.

Ag cikdirs suooiid ae nieirktaen rkpad nrlwtm, tmiy kri kcsl cahicy tl ieolue-

tir tmi oleolàtket omkccienis kssloaktid watm suom nrlwtm: àddci-ockss

di`keds, aeiqukcaty, smagtaen i`pmksas grl` omikp tl shaccid ckblr, ked sl

le. _uooissguc cikdirsmap riquaris kdkptktale tl tmi eiw prlbci`s. Tmas oke

tkhi tmi glr` lg wasi aevistìets ae iduoktale, tmi oriktale lg eiw aestatu-

tales, ked, lgtie, sioled-bist plcataokc/iolelào ol`prlàsis, wmaom hiip

tmi plcataos stkbci ked tmi nrlwtm rkti plsatavi.

Tmi vlcuì tmie gikturis sivie omkptirs dikcaen watm k brlkd rkeni lg

assuis ked oluetrais. Navie tmas brikdtm, lei lg tmi idatlrs rlcis as tl gloustmi rikdirs kttietale le wmkt wi tkhi tl bi ol``le assuis korlss tmisi


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Vrigkoi xa

omkptirs. Ae lur vaiw tmisi ol``le prlbci`s kri glurglcd: (;) prl`ltaen

ektalekc ueaty, (2) buacdaen nlld, slcad aestatutales, (?) omllsaen aeelvktavi

ked clokcazid plcaoais, ked (4) oriktaen plcataokc olesiesus glr clen-rue plc-

aoy a`pciìetktale. Kcc lg tmi omkptirs glous le lei lr lri lg tmisi tmiìs

ae lei lr `lri oluetrais. Tmiy kcsl olvir `lri tmke tmisi glur gkotlrs ked

smlucd bi rikd glr tmi gucc sit lg tmiar aesanmts. Lur mlpi as tmkt tmisi studais

wacc staùckti gurtmir kdvkeois ae tmi tmilry lg tmi plcataokc iolel`y lg

iolelào nrlwtm ked diviclpìet ked lg tmi rlci lg cikdirs ked plcataokc

cikdirsmap kt vkralus stknis ae tmi prloiss.

@khaen tmi ranmt strktinao omlaoi (lr bittir omlaois) glr iolelào nrlwtm

ked diviclpìet lgtie ietkacs lvirolàen clokc lr siotalekc daggirieois tl

braen kblut ueaty. Ae diviclpaen ektales tmkt wiri eiw tl aedipiedieoi,

ektalemlld, ked slvirianety, cikdirs mkd tl ueati daspkrkti aetirists tl ori-

kti k ektale okpkbci lg iolelào nrlwtm. Trabkc, itmeao, ked rkoakc daggir-

ieois lgtie pirsast biokusi tmi oluetrais blrdirs wiri drkwe by pkrtais elt

aetiristid ae oriktaen k ueaid oluetry. Yedir tmas `yrakd lg plssabci das-ueatais, lei lg tmi cikdirs hiy risplesabacatais as tl ueati tmi ektale sl ks

tl `lvi tlwkrd ol``le nlkcs. Ae k siesi, tmi omkccieni as tl orikti k

smkrid siesi lg adietaty ks k gluedktale glr `khaen tmi aetirti`plrkc

omlaois tmkt kri riquarid glr nrlwtm. Gkotalekcas` tieds tl glous tmi plca-

taos le tmi davasale lg tmi pai rktmir tmke le aeoriksaen ats sazi.

Tmrii lg tmas bllhs cikdirsmap omkptirs dikc watm tmi eltale lg ektalekc

ueaoktale. @hkpk, ae mas omkptir le Tkezkeak, krnuis tmkt tmi suooiss lr

gkacuri lg aedipiedieoi dipiedid le tmi gluedaen prisadiet. Tmi rst cikdir

istkbcasmis tmi rlci(s) tmkt tmi suooisslrs wacc pcky ked glr`s ke ikrcy sit lg

aestatutales tmkt tmi ektale wacc bi kbci tl cavi watm ked kìed lvir taì.Tmi cikdir smlucd bi siie ks strlen ked dioasavi, ol`pitiet ked mleist.

Omkras`ktao cikdirsmap, suom ks Nkedma ae Aedak lr @kedick ae _lutm Kgraok,

micps orikti ueaty biokusi tmi pilpci adietagy tmi oluetry watm tmi cikdir.

@kedicks ol`àtìet tl gkareiss watmlut ritrabutale kgtir tmi yikrs lg

kpkrtmiad yaicdid k nlvireìet glousid le smkrid prlnriss, rktmir tmke

lei prilooupaid watm rivieni, ks `key mkd pridaotid.

Ae Tkezkeak, @hkpk krnuis tmkt Vrisadiet Eyiriris a`ìdakti `lvi tl

orikti k siesi lg ektalemlld k`len tmi ;27 trabis prisiet ae tmi eiw olue-

try wks oruoakc tl tmi ueaoktale lg tmi oluetry. Tmi saneaokeoi lg k saenci-

pkrty systi` glr ektale buacdaen as dasoussid ked kekcyzid, ks as tmi dkenir

lg mkvaen k saenci-pkrty systi` ae pckoi glr tll clen. @hkpk khis tmi oksi

tmkt k lei-pkrty systi` wks a`plrtket glr ueagyaen tmi oluetry uedir Eyir-

iri. Korlss Kgraok, at wks saenci pkrtais suom ks Eyiriris, Ehru`kms ae

Nmkek, ked Hieykttks ae Hieyk tmkt wiri aestruìetkc ae iedaen olcleakc

ruci. Tmisi saenci-pkrty systi`s uedir tmi cikdirsmap lg tmi cabirktlr okrraid

lvir aetl tmi rst ektalekc iciotales ae @kckwa, @kca, _ieinkc, ked Tuea-

sak, k`len ltmir oluetrais. _uooiss ae tmi rst iciotale okrraid lvir glr

kblut 26 yikrs ae Tkezkeak. @hkpk krnuis tmkt ks clen ks tmi saenci pkrty

as di`lorktao watmae atsicg ked ucta`kticy cikds tl k ùctapkrty systi`, tmiiggiot le ueaty ked diviclpìet as plsatavi. Ae smlrt, tmi lei-pkrty systi`


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xaa Vrigkoi

wks sugoaietcy ueagyaen, di`lorktao, pkrtaoapktlry, ked aeocusavi tl bi k

plsatavi glroi ae diviclpìet.

At smlucd bi eltid tmkt tmas usi lg k saenci-pkrty systi` bikrs slì saà-

ckraty tl tmi lei-pkrty systi`s ae Ksak. @lst a`plrtket, at kcanes aeoietavis

suom tmkt tmi nlvireìets plcaoais mkvi taì tl wlrh. K `kjlr daggirieoi

as tmkt ae Kgraoke oluetrais tmi cikdirs mkd tl orikti k oluetry lut lg trabkc

daggirieois, wmiriks ae Omaek ked Jkpke, glr ixk`pci, tmi ektalekc oucturi

mkd biie oriktid lvir k ùom clenir pirald, kcclwaen cikdirs tl oleoie-

trkti le iolelào diviclpìet.

Rusumuzwk Hankbls paioi le Rwkedk i`pmksazis tmi cissles cikreid

grl` tmi oavac wkr ked tmi ;114 nieloadi. Rwkedk as k oluetry watm

kc`lst el ekturkc rislurois ked, tmus, kc`lst ietaricy dipiediet le

mu`ke okpatkc. Tmi nieloadi ae ;114 distrlyid mu`ke okpatkc ked tmi

iolel`y, cikvaen Rwkedk k davadid ked a`plvirasmid ektale. Tml`ks

krnuis tmkt tmi wacc ked ocikr vasale lg tmi plst-;114 cikdirsmap wiri oru-

oakc glr tmi subsiquiet nlld pirglr`keoi lg tmi iolel`y. Tmi cikdirsueatid tmi oluetry krlued tmi adik tmkt tmi hiy lg diviclpìet as watmae

tmi Rwkedkes mkeds. Tmiy kcsl strissid tmkt aetirekc pikoi ked iol-

elào ked sloakc diviclpìet kri aemirietcy caehid: watmlut pikoi tmiri as

el diviclpìet, ked vaoi virsk. Tmi kgtir`ktm lg tmi nieloadi mkd tl bi

dikct watm, ked miri tmi cikdirsmap urnid rioleoacaktale ked istkbcasmid

plcaoais ked aestatutales oruoakc tl mikcaen tmi davadi. Tmi ektalekc dioie-

trkcazktale prloiss as ke ixk`pci lg k plcaoy watm wlrhaen aestatutales tmkt

oke cikd tl ckstaen slcutales. Tmi plcaoy-`khaen prloiss aeocudid kcc rici-

vket stkhimlcdirs, ked tmi dioietrkcazktale plcaoy biokì tmi aestruìet

glr i`plwirìet, rioleoacaktale, aetinrktale, ked iolelào nrlwtm. Tmispioao aestatutales eiidid tl slcvi Rwkedks prlbci`s wiri tmi Ektalekc

Ol`àssale glr Rioleoacaktale ked tmi vacckni kssi`bcais, nkokok, tmkt

brlunmt rurkc vaccknirs prigirieois tl tmi kttietale lg tmi nlvireìet.

Ae tmiar kekcysas lg _aenkplris iolelào diviclpìet, Tke, Ien, ked

Rlbaesle `khi tmi nieirkc krnuìet tmkt tmi kbsieoi lg ekturkc rislurois

oke bi lvirolì by, k`len ltmir tmaens, iggiotavi cikdirsmap. _pioaokccy,

strlen aestatutales ked okpkbci cikdirs oke krravi kt tmi ranmt sit lg prl-nrlwtm

plcaoais ked kdkpt suom plcaoais tl omkenaen oarou`stkeois. _lìtaìs tmas

prloiss aevlcvis `khaen ciss tmke adikc omlaois ked tmie olrriotaen tmi`. Kcc

lg tmisi stips kri oletaeniet le buacdaen k sloakc olesiesus, wmaom spkes tmi

vkralus itmeao ked iolelào aetirists, ae gkvlr lg tmi prl-nrlwtm plcaoy. Tmi

kutmlrs kaetkae tmi vaiw tmkt ektalekc ueaty ieolurknid pilpci tl put ksadi

aedavadukc disaris ked wlrh glr tmi nriktir nlld. Tmi stkti aestatutalekcazid

tmas by prlvadaen somlckrsmaps tl branmt studiets wml wlucd tmie wlrh glr

tmi nlvireìet ked by pkyaen oavac sirvkets wicc, tmus riduoaen tmi prlbk-

bacaty lg brabiry. @lrilvir, tmiy krnui tmkt buacdaen ektalekc ueaty ae ke

aeocusavi wky cissies tmi cahicamlld lg sloakc uerist, wmaom iemkeois tmi

prlspiots glr iolelào nrlwtm. Tmi omkptir i`pmksazis tmkt tmi olesiesus

as twlglcd: bitwiie daggiriet sloakc nrlups ked bitwiie tmi sloaity kednlvireìet. Biokusi clen-tir` nrlwtm nieirktis smlrt-tir` pkae, pilpci


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Vrigkoi xaaa

ùst mkvi oledieoi ked trust ae tmiar cikdirs mleisty ked aetinraty. Ltmir-

wasi, tmi pkae lg omkeni okusis sloakc uerist, ked nrlwtm as clst.

Tmi eioisskry olesiesus glr iolelào nrlwtm as dagouct tl komaivi

biokusi aeoietavis mkvi tl bi kcaneid lvir k brlkd rkeni lg aetirists,

slì lg wmaom wacc giic kouticy tmi skoraois lg iolelào omkeni. Tmisi

isskys smlw tmkt tmiri as el saenci rlkd tmkt cikdirs ùst glcclw8 rktmir,

tmiy smlw tmkt cikdirs dioadi ked a`pciìet plcaoais watmae spioao mas-

tlraokc, oucturkc, ked iolelào oletixts. Nlld cikdirs kri, ae k siesi,

mlì nrlwe biokusi tmiy mkvi tl uedirstked ked bkckeoi kcc tmisi gko-

tlrs. At as kcsl ocikr tmkt omllsaen tmi wrlen iolelào plcaoy kggiots ueaty

ae kdvirsi wkys. Vkae glr el dasoireabci nkae as elt micpguc. Oriktaen ueaty

korlss aetirists as k eioisskry but elt sugoaiet oledatale glr iolelào

nrlwtm ked diviclpìet.

Iolelàsts mkvi clen krnuid tmkt nrlwtm dipieds, tl k ckrni dinrii, le

tmi aestatutales tmkt k oluetry oriktis. Aediid, tmi Ol`àssale atsicg stktis

tmkt `kturi `krhits ricy le diip aestatutalekc uedirpaeeaens, aestatutalestmkt diei prlpirty ranmts, ieglroi oletrkots, oleviy praois, ked bradni

aeglr`ktalekc nkps bitwiie buyirs ked siccirs, k`len ltmir tmaens. Tmi

prlbci` as tmkt diviclpaen oluetrais lgtie ckoh tmisi aestatutales. Nrlwtm

oke loour watmlut tmi`: tmisi aestatutales ol-ivlcvi watm tmi prlnriss lg

tmi iolel`y. Mlwivir, wi dl elt helw ae ditkac mlw tmisi aestatutales kri

oriktid ked sustkaeid. Tmiriglri, tmi iggiot lg plcaoy smagts ked riglr`s as

mkrdir tl pridaot ae diviclpaen iolelàis. Navie tmi a`plrtkeoi lg orikt-

aen aestatutales ol`pktabci watm iolelào nrlwtm, wi kri glrtuekti tl mkvi

tmrii isskys tmkt smid canmt le tmas prlbci`.

Koi`lncu ked Rlbaesle krnui tmkt tmi `kae daggirieois ae prlspiratykorlss oluetrais rifliot daggirieois ae iolelào aestatutales. Tmi kbacaty lg

cikdirs tl omkeni tmisi iolelào aestatutales wacc ditiràei tmi civic lg iol-

elào diviclpìet komaivid. Tmi kutmlrs krnui tmkt suom riglr`s kri mkrd

biokusi tmi aestatutales kri, ae tmi ekc kekcysas, tmi ied prlduot lg tmi plcata-

okc glrois kt pcky ae k oluetry. Tmi dastrabutale lg plcataokc plwir ae k oluetry

as lgtie ae k rlunm iquacabrau`, tmi sittcid risuct lg k oluetrys plcataokc ouc-

turi ked plcataokc aestatutales. Cikdirs tryaen tl omkeni tmi ricivket iolelào

aestatutales tmus gkoi tmi prlbci` lg omkenaen tmi dastrabutale lg plcataokc

plwir, wmaom oleglueds tmi prlbci` lg aestatutalekc riglr`.

Koi`lncu ked Rlbaesle prlvadi sivirkc ixk`pcis lg tmi patgkccs lg aesta-

tutalekc riglr`s. Tmiy spicc lut tmkt iolelào slcutales kri nrluedid ae

plcataos. Helwaen tmi ekturi lg tmi prlbci` micps tl spioagy tmi ekturi lg

tmi trkdi-lggs eioisskry tl `lvi ektales letl ke kpprlprakti riglr` pktm.

Yedirstkedaen tmisi trkdi-lggs as k saei quk ele glr cikdirsmap, ks as tmi shacc

lg ditiràeaen tmi `lìet ked oledatale uedir wmaom omkeni `ky bi

komaivid.

Aylmks omkptir krnuis tmkt ae tmi Eanirake oksi, aeolesastiet cikdir-

smap bksid le àcatkry olups mks cid tl olestket omkenis ae aestatutales.

Tmas aestatutalekc upmikvkc mks biie kssloaktid watm k pllr riolrd lgclen-tir` iolelào nrlwtm. Grl` ;176 tl 2666, pir okpatk aeolì nriw


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xav Vrigkoi

ciss tmke 6.9 piroiet pir yikr. Tmas pllr iolelào pirglr`keoi as kttrab-

utid tl tmi dlàekeoi lg àcatkry nlvirekeoi, ks wicc ks rinalekc ked

itmel-ricanalus oleflaot. Cikdirs, bltm acatkry ked oavac, wiri ltavktid by

gkotlrs cikdaen tl kdvirsi ridastrabutales. Tmiy gkacid tl riglr` tmi ko-

rliolel`y, strientmie nlvirekeoi aestatutales, lr `khi eioisskry struo-

turkc omkenis ae tmi iolel`y.

Aylmk krnuis tmkt tmi cikdirsmap omkenis binue ae 266; ked oucàektaen

ae 266? risuctid ae strlen iolelào nrlwtm. Tmi 266? ìksuris glousid le

`korliolelào riglr`, struoturkc riglr`, nlvirekeoi ked aestatutalekc

riglr`, ked pubcao siotlr riglr`. Tmisi riglr`s, ae ol`baektale watm

aeoriksid kad rivieui, k eiw `leitkry plcaoy, ked bittir dibt `kekni-

ìet, risuctid ae k nrlwtm rkti lg >.; piroiet pir yikr grl` 266? tl 2667.

Tmisi omkenis wiri tmi risuct lg nlld iciotid cikdirs `khaen nlld omlaois

a`pciìetid ae k rktalekc gksmale.

Tmi brlkd-rkenaen omkptir by Tke, Ien, ked Rlbaesle ocka`s tmkt k

oluetrys aestatutalekc bksi ditiràeis wmitmir ekturkc iedlwìets ieraomlr a`plvirasm k ektale. Ysaen iksuris lg aestatutalekc qukcaty suom ks pru-

dieoi ae spiedaen ked judaoakc aedipiedieoi, tmi kutmlrs smlw tmkt sus-

tkaeid nrlwtm as taid tl qukcaty aestatutales, ked tmkt nlld nlvirekeoi

iesuris `kaetkaeid qukcaty.

Tmisi tmrii pkpirs ocikrcy smlw tmkt tmi oriktale lg iolelào aestatu-

tales okpkbci lg nieirktaen ked sustkaeaen iolelào nrlwtm as bist siie ks

k plcataokc iolel`y prlbci`. Tmkt as, oriktaen iolelào aestatutales tmkt

iemkeoi igoaieoy ked nieirkti iolelào nrlwtm lgtie ietkacs omkenaen tmi

dastrabutale lg plcataokc plwir watmae k oluetry lr k rinale. Cikdirs ùst

bkckeoi tmi iolelàos ked tmi plcataos tl sustkae bltm nrlwtm ked plcataokclrdir. Oluetrais tmkt mkvi nieirktid sustkaeid nrlwtm lvir 29 yikrs mkvi

suooiidid ae tmas junncaen kot, kt cikst glr clen stritomis.

Iolelào diviclpìet ae tmi Yeatid _tktis ked istire Iurlpi dad elt

loour kcc kt leoi korlss tmi wmlci oluetry lr ietari oletaeiet8 rktmir, at rst

loourrid ae oirtkae rinales ked stktis. Tmi pkttire lg clokcazid aedustrakc

oietirs as elt rkedl`. Ae tmi Yeatid _tktis, stktis daggirid ae tmiar aetirists

ked oucturis, ked tmiar iolelàos daggirid koolrdaency. At as kc`lst ks

tmlunm tmi stktis wiri ckblrktlrais glr daggiriet iolelào ixpiraìets. Ae

Omaek, Iurlpi, Jkpke, ked Hlrik, vkralus rinales, prigioturis, ked stktis

diviclpid kt daggiriet rktis lvir taì. _uricy ùom lg tmi daggirietakc rktis

lg aedustrakcazktale kri kttrabutkbci tl tmi ekturkc kdvketknis tmkt k rinale

lr stkti mkd, suom ks k ravir lr mkrblr, lr tl ke ietriprieiur suom ks Nutie-

birn, wml aevietid tmi praetaen priss ae k spioao splt ked tmus binke ke

aedustry ae k spioao pckoi. Navie tmi ol`pkrktavi kdvketkni lg oirtkae

kriks lvir ltmirs glr aeatakc iolelào nrlwtm, at as plssabci glr cikdirs tl

`khi bkd omlaois kblut wmaom rinales smlucd bi aedustrakcazid. Dioasales

by eaeitiietm-oietury sloakcasts ae tmi Yeatid _tktis tl pckoi knraoucturkc

olcciotavis ae Eiw Iencked rktmir tmke tmi lri girtaci @adwist as lei suom

ixk`pci. Ae smlrt, tl prl`lti nrlwtm ked diviclpìet, plcaoais ùst bisiciotid bksid le tmiar t watm tmi clokc ievarleìet.


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Vrigkoi xv

K okeey plcataokc cikdirsmap smlucd kpprioakti tmkt daggiriet kriks wacc

rispled daggirietcy tl ats plcaoais. Diens aeelvktavi knraoucturkc plcaoais

wiri elt ìt watm tmi skì risplesi ae kcc rinales, ked, ks Jike La (;111)

mks smlwe, tmi risplesi lg clokc pkrty cikdirs tl ektalekc plcaoais ae Omaek

mkd ke a`plrtket iggiot le nrlwtm rktis. Ae omllsaen plcaoais ked a`pci-

ìetaen tmi`, cikdirs ùst pky dui rispiot tl clokc oledatales lr kt cikst

kcclw clokc kdvketknis tl olì tl tmi glri ked fllurasm. Tmas praeoapci as

accustrktid ae tmi wlrh lg Rusumuzwk Hankbl le Rwkedk, Okrdlsl ked

Nrkigg le Brkzac, ked Tke, Ien, ked Rlbaesle le _aenkplri.

Rwkedk kdlptid k ektalekc dioietrkcazktale plcaoy tl komaivi tmrii kae

nlkcs: nlld nlvirekeoi, prl-pllr sirvaoi dicaviry, ked sustkaekbci iol-

elào diviclpìet. Tmi dioietrkcazktale micpid slcvi itmeao/trabkc prlb-

ci`s, bkd nlvirekeoi, ked ixtriì plvirty. Ae kddatale, tmi dioietrkcazktale

wks vaiwid ks ke aestruìet glr plcataokc i`plwirìet lg tmi pilpci, rio-

leoacaktale, ked oriktaen tmi bksas glr clokc sloakc aetinrktale. Lei ixk`pci

lg tmas clokcazid plcaoy wks ubidimi,wmiriby clokc oatazies pkrtaoapkti aekssissaen eiids ked nrlwtm ked wlrh tlnitmir watm nlvireìet supplrt tl

kddriss tmi adietaid assuis.

Knkae, tmi nieirkc purplsi omkptir by Tke, Ien, ked Rlbaesle krnuis

tmkt nrlwtm olìs grl` plcaoais kppcaid kt tmi clokc civic watm ke uedir-

stkedaen lg clokc oletixt. Tmi _aenkplri oksi smlws tmi a`plrtkeoi lg

a`pciìetaen plcaoais kt tmi ranmt taì ked rivaiwaen tmlsi plcaoais le k

rinuckr bksas sl tmkt tmiy oke bi kdkptid ks riquarid.

Gurtmir tmlunmts le tmas prlbci` kri lggirid by Okrdlsl ked Nrkigg,

twl a`plrtket pkrtaoapkets ae Brkzacs prlnriss tlwkrd oleslcadktaen

di`lorkoy ked nieirktaen sustkaeid iolelào nrlwtm. Tmi omkptir binaesgrl` tmi dukc priàsi tmkt tmiri as el rioapi glr diviclpìet tmkt lpies

tmi dllrs lg nclbkcazktale tl kcc ag lecy tmiy dl tmiar mlìwlrh, but tmkt

Cktae Kìraokes kri elt oledièid glrivir tl uedirdiviclpìet. Ae ;116

Brkzac wks omkrkotirazid by iolelào stknektale, k glriane dibt `lrktl-

rau`, mypiraeflktale, ked k di`lorkoy scappaen kwky biokusi lg k ckoh lg

nlvirekbacaty. Tmi omkptir disorabis mlw tmi Rikc Vcke (tl dikc watm tmi

aeflktale prlbci`) wks glrìd by ke ixpiraieoid ked oriktavi eiw tik` kt

tmi Gaekeoi @aeastry, wmaom subàttid k smlrt-tir` pcke (k rst stip) tl

dasslcvi tmi ricktalesmap bitwiie aeflktale ked tmi pubcao pursi. Tmi brlkd

kpprlvkc glr tmi pcke olevaeoid r`s ked oatazies tmkt suom k plcaoy mkd k

omkeoi tl suooiid. Tmi eixt stips wiri tl das`ketci tmi wkni ked praoi

aedixktale ked ied tmi dibt `lrktlrau`.

Tmi suooiss lg tmi prlnrk` wks accustrktid wmie aeflktale drlppid grl`

4> piroiet pir letm tl ciss tmke ? piroiet pir `letm (ae ?6 dkys). At wiet

le tl diocaei gurtmir ked mks saeoi ri`kaeid ae saenci danats pir yikr. Tl

okpturi tmisi kdvketknis ked binae tl sustkae nrlwtm, at wks eioisskry,

koolrdaen tl tmi kutmlrs, tl omllsi k rlci glr tmi stkti slìwmiri bitwiie

tmi stkti-rue ked tmi eilcabirkc àea`kcast `ldics: tmi eioisskry stkti.

Tmi eiw cikdirs prlplsid k sirais lg kìedìets tl tmi olestatutalekc plca-oais le stkti `lelplcais, sloakc siouraty ked piesales, ked pubcao sirvaoi,


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xva Vrigkoi

k`len ltmirs. Tmi pksskni lg tmisi riglr`s mkd clen-ckstaen iggiots tmkt

loourrid le sivirkc grlets. Tmi kutmlrs smlw mlw plcataokc aestatutales oke

sclw dlwe, bcloh, ked smagt iolelào plcaoy slcutales. Tmiar kekcysas smlws

mlw k orasas lr k sirais lg orasis oke bi usiguc ae smagtaen plcaoy tmrlunm nlld

omlaois tl glstir iolelào nrlwtm. Tmi kekcysas lg pcibasoatkry virsus ole-

siesukc di`lorkoy kdàrkbcy ckys lut kctirektavis ked tmi iolelào

trkdilggs a`pcaoat ae bltm, ks tmi ol`pkrasles watm Krnietaek ked Omaci

`khi ocikr. Tmi siotale Lpplrtueaty, Vkssale, ked Virspiotavi lggirs k

ueaqui lvirvaiw ked aetirpritktale lg tmi glrois dravaen Brkzacs rioiet iol-

elào suooiss.

Tl suooiid, k cikdir ùst bltm omllsi tmi ranmt plcaoais ked orikti tmi

plcataokc oledatales eioisskry glr tmi` tl wlrh. Ae tmi wkhi lg tmi niel-

oadi, tmi Rwkedke cikdirsmap kstuticy ol`baeid pikoi ked iolelào prln-

riss watm k dioietrkcazktale plcaoy, kcclwaen `lri clokc aeput ked oletrlc.

Tmi Brkzacake oksi as k ockssao ixk`pci lg tmi aetirkotale bitwiie plcataos

ked iolelàos watmae k spioao oucturkc ked aestatutalekc grkìwlrh. Vrln-riss ae plcataokc iolel`y wacc eiid `lri oksi studais ditkacaen tmi ekturi lg

tmisi trkdilggs watmae spioao cloktales.

Omkeni grl` tmi stktus qul kc`lst kcwkys ietkacs slì pkae ae tmi smlrt

rue, wmiriks tmi bieits lgtie tkhi taì biglri tmiy kri rikdacy lbsirvid lr

gict by lrdaekry oatazies. Vrioasicy biokusi tmi taì mlrazle glr nkae as iatmir

uehelwe lr lg slì cientmy durktale, cikdirs ùst orikti stkbacaty glr tmi

iolelào riglr`s tl tkhi pckoi. Tmi cikdir ky bi trustid by tmi pilpci tl

mkvi tmiar bist aetirists kt mikrt, tmus ikreaen taì, lr cikdirs `ky orikti k

olesiesus krlued tmi pcke sugoaiet glr at tl mkvi tmi taì tl suooiid.

^mitmir tmi stkbacaty as oriktid by trust, olesiesus, lr aestatutales suom kssaenci-pkrty dlàekeoi, at sii`s tmkt stkbacaty as k eioisskry but elt sug-

oaiet oledatale glr iolelào nrlwtm.

Tmas plaet as ìetaleid ae `key lg tmi omkptirs ae tmas bllh. Brkdy ked

_pieoi krnui tmkt nlld iolelào plcaoais eiid taì tl mkvi a`pkot, ked

oriktaen stkbacaty ae tmi plcataokc systi` navis tmi plcaoy k omkeoi tl suooiid.

Ae Ksak k saenci dlàeket pkrty systi` mks, kt taìs, kcaneid tmi aeoietavis

lg tmi `kjlr iolelào ked plcataokc kotlrs ae tmi aeatakc pmksis lg tmi pcke.

Lvir taì, ks tmi iolelào nkaes kri rikcazid ked eiw aetirists oriktid,

iatmir tmi dlàeket pkrty kdkpts tl tmi eiw iolelào rikcaty, ks ae Omaek,

lr k ùctapkrty systi` diviclps wmiri pkrtais kctirekti ae plwir.

Tmi Okrdlsl ked Nrkigg omkptir i`pmksazis tmi prisadiets rlci ae orikt-

aen k brlkd olesiesus korlss uctapci plcataokc pkrtais ae supplrt lg spioao

plcaoais, tmus oriktaen stkbacaty ked taì glr tmi plcaoais tl tkhi iggiot. Tmi

kutmlrs kcsl i`pmksazi tmi eioissaty lg tmi cikdir biaen kbci tl ixpckae

ol`pcaoktid iolelào omlaois tl tmi nieirkc pubcao. âtmlut skad ixpckek-

tales, eiatmir supplrt elr stkbacaty as prisiet.

Tmi omkptir by @kmùd, Kmìd, ked @kmkjke le Bkenckdism ixk`-

aeis tmi pri- ked plst-;116 pirglr`keoi lg tmi iolel`y. Tmi oluetry

iìrnid grl` tmi wkr lg aedipiedieoi pllr, lvirplpucktid, ked pmysaokccydk`knid. Tmi diviclpìet strktiny ae Bkenckdism mks uedirnlei suoois-


19/304

Vrigkoi xvaa

savi smagts lgtie kssloaktid watm rinaì omkeni ae nlvireìet. Tmi ikrcy

yikrs wiri dlàektid by stkti oletrlc ked k sloakcast adilclny. Ae ;1>9

Nieirkc Zakur Rkm`ke tllh oletrlc ked `lvid tlwkrd pravktazktale, glc-

clwid by k sioled pirald lg davistìet uedir Nieirkc Irsmkd. Tmi ;1=6s

wateissid k pirald lg `krhit-lraietid diviclpìet strktiny uedir tmi

nuadicaeis lg tmi ^lrcd Bkeh ked tmi Aetirektalekc @leitkry Gued.

Tmi trkesatale tl pkrcakìetkry di`lorkoy ae tmi ikrcy ;116s wks kssl-

oaktid watm tmi `lviìet tlwkrd k `lri ol`primiesavi prlnrk` lg iol-

elào riglr` gikturaen ourrieoy olevirtabacaty, riduoid a`plrt dutais, ked

ri`lvid oletrlcs le glriane pravkti okpatkc. Tmi kutmlrs krnui tmkt tmi

iolelào nrlwtm saeoi tmi ;116s mks biie cid by strlen ixplrt nrlwtm,

wmaom prlvadid k nrlwtm staùcus tl ltmir pkrts lg tmi Bkenckdism iole-

l`y. Tmi kutmlrs smlw mlw iolelào nrlwtm mks nriktcy a`prlvid Bke-

nckdisms riolrd le mu`ke diviclpìet aedaoktlrs suom ks omacd `lrtkcaty

ked gi`kci somllc ierlccìet. Tmiy kcsl kssiss tmi oluetrys riolrd le

nlvirekeoi ked plvirty riduotale.Tmisi glur prlbci`s kri elt tmi lecy dagouctais tmkt cikdirs gkoi ae try-

aen tl nieirkti iolelào nrlwtm, ked lur kutmlrs olvir k vkraity lg ltmir

prlbci`s. Tmisi omkptirs, wi bicaivi, riprisiet ke ixoicciet rst stip

tlwkrd uedirstkedaen tmi rlci lg cikdirsmap ae nieirktaen iolelào nrlwtm,

ked wi mlpi tmkt tmiy nieirkti adiks ked cikd tl eiw risikrom le tmi prlb-

ci` lg cikdirsmap ae iolelào nrlwtm.

Rigirieois

Okrcyci, Tml`ks. ;=4;. Le Mirlis, Mirl-^lrsmap, ked tmi Mirlao ae Mastlry.

^matism, @T:Hissaenir Vriss.

Dak`led, Jkrid. ;11>. Nues, Nir`s, ked _tiic.Eiw Qlrh: ^. ^. Elrtle.

Jleis, Biejkàe, ked Biejk ae Lchie. 2669. Dl Cikdirs @kttir< Ektalekc

Cikdirsmap ked Nrlwtm saeoi ^lrcd ^kr AA.[ukrtircy Jlurekc lg Iolelàos

;26 (?): =?974.

La, Jike. ;111. Rurkc Omaek Tkhis Lgg: Aestatutalekc Gluedktales lg Iolelào

Riglr`.Birhiciy: Yeavirsaty lg Okcaglreak Vriss.


20/304


21/304

^lrhsmlp Vkrtaoapkets xax

^lrhsmlp Vkrtaoapkets

Koi`lncu,Dkrle, @ksskomusitts Aestatuti lg Tiomelclny

Kmcuwkcak, Asmir, Aedake Olueoac glr Risikrom le Aetirektalekc Iolelào

Ricktales

Kmcuwkcak, @letih, Ol`àssaleir ked Diputy Omkar`ke, Vckeeaen

Ol`àssale lg Aedak

Bkohius, Hkrc, @aeastry lg Glriane Kggkars lg _widie

Blidalel, Dr., Ol`àssaleir ked Nlvirelr, Bkeh lg Aedleisak

Brkdy, Dkvad, _tkeglrd Yeavirsaty

Okrdlsl, Girekedl Mieraqui, glrìr Vrisadiet lg Brkzac

Dirvas,Hi`kc, Ol`àssaleir ked Dariotlr, Yeatid Ektales

Diviclpìet Vrlnrk`ì

Ggrieom-Dkvas, Raokrdl, Yeavirsaty lg Omaci

Gumr, Mkrkcd, Yeavirsaty lg Vltsdk`Nicb, Kcke, ^lrcd Bkeh

Nlm, Omlh Tlen, Ol`àssaleir ked _iealr @aeastir, ked Omkar`ke lg tmi

@leitkry Kutmlratylg_aenkplri

Nrkigg, Idukrdl, _l Vkucl _tkti Nlvireìet Riprisietktale Lgoi ae

Brksacak

Missi, Miahl, Iolelàst, ^lrcd Bkeh

Mbeir, Dkeutk, Ol`àssaleir ked Iurlpike Ol`àssaleir glr Rinalekc

Vlcaoy

J tae,Okrae, Ol`àssaleir ked glrìr @aeastir glr Aetirektalekc

Diviclpìet lg _widie


22/304

xx ^lrhsmlp Vkrtaoapkets

Hmkrks, Mlà, Wasataen Gicclw, ^lcgieslme Oietir glr Diviclpìet,

Brllhaens Aestatutale

Haensàcc, âccak`, Dipkrtìet glr Aetirektalekc Diviclpìet

Huozyesha,Vidrl Vkbcl, Ol`àssaleir ked glrìr Vraì @aeastir lg Viru

Cii,Omuen @ae, Ektalekc Yeavirsaty lg _aenkplri

Ciapzanir, Dkeey, Nrlwtm Ol`àssale Waoi Omkar ked Waoi Vrisadiet,

^lrcd Bkeh

Ca`,Idwae, Omaek Iolelào Risikrom ked Kdvaslry Vrlnrk`ì

@hkpk, Biejkàe âccak`, glrìr Vrisadiet lg Tkezkeak

Ekehkea,Nlbaed, Nclbkc Diviclpìet Eitwlrh

Elwkh, Dlrltk, ^lrcd Bkeh

Lhlejl-Awikck, Enlza E., Ol`àssaleir ked @keknaen Dariotlr,

^lrcd Bkeh

Virry, Nuaccir`l, glrìr Omaig Iolelàst, ^lrcd Bkeh

Vaetl, Brake, Iolelào Kdvasir, ^lrcd Bkeh

Rk`ls,@krak, Trkeseit, CtdRlbaesle, Jkìs,Mkrvkrd Yeavirsaty

Rlìr, Vkuc, _tkeglrd Yeavirsaty ked Mllvir Aestatutale

_lclw, Rlbirt, Ol`àssaleir ked Vrlgisslr Iìratus, @ksskomusitts

Aestatuti lg Tiomelclny

_pieoi,@aomkic, Nrlwtm Ol`àssale Omkar ked Vrlgisslr Iìratus,

_tkeglrd Yeavirsaty

Tlruke,Miery, Ollrdaektaen @aeastry glr Iolelào Kggkars lg Aedleisak

Wieeir, _ar H. Dwanmt,Ol`àssaleir ked Nlvirelr lg tmi Ikstire

Okrabbike Oietrkc Bkeh

^lcglwatz, Vkuc, Vrisadiet, ^lrcd BkehZknmk, Rlbirtl, ^lrcd Bkeh

Zidaccl, Ireistl, Ol`àssaleir ked Dariotlr, Qkci Oietir _tudy lg

Nclbkcazktale

Vrlgissalekc kgcaktales adietaid kri ks lg tmi taì lg tmi wlrhsmlp.


23/304

Kblut tmi Idatlrs ked Oletrabutlrs xxa

Dkrle Koi`lncuas tmi Omkrcis V. Haedcibirnir Vrlgisslr lg Kppcaid Iol-

elàos kt tmi @ksskomusitts Aestatuti lg Tiomelclny. Mas risikrom aetirists

aeocudi plcataokc iolel`y, iolelào diviclpìet, iolelào nrlwtm, iol-

elào tmilry, tiomelclny, aeolì ked wkni aeiqukcaty, mu`ke okpatkc ked

trkaeaen ckblr iolelàos, ked eitwlrh iolelàos. Mi as tmi rioapaiet lg

euìrlus kwkrds ked mlelrs, aeocudaen tmi Jlme Bktis Ockrh @idkc grl`

tmi Kìraoke Iolelào Kssloaktale (2669), Dastaenuasmid _oaieoi Kwkrd

grl` tmi Turhasm _oaieois Kssloaktale (2667), ked Mlelrkry Dlotlrkti

grl` tmi Yeavirsaty lg Ytriomt, tmi Eitmirckeds (266=).

_kdaq Kmìdas glrìr _iealr @keknir, _lutm Ksak rinale, kt tmi ^lrcd

Bkeh. Mi jlaeid tmi Bkeh ae ;1=; ked micd vkralus plsatales tmrlunmlut mas

okriir kt tmi ^lrcd Bkeh, aeocudaen Iolelàst glr tmi Krkb Ripubcao lg

Inypt, Aedleisak, Vkpuk Eiw Nuaeik, Vkhastke, ked _ra Ckehk (;1=;19)8Omaig lg tmi Bkehs Risadiet @assale ae Vkhastke ked cktir tmi Oluetry Dario-

tlr glr Kgnmkeastke ked Vkhastke (;11911)8 Omaig Iolelàst glr _lutm Ksak

Rinale (;111266;)8 _iotlr Dariotlr glr Vlvirty Riduotale ked Iolelào

@kekniìet (VRI@) ked tmie _iealr @keknir glr Rinalekc Vrlnrk`s ae

tmi _lutm Ksak Rinale (266>61). _aeoi Kunust 2661, mi mks biie tmi Waoi

Omkar`ke lg tmi Vlcaoy Risikrom Aestatuti lg Bkenckdism. @r. Kmìd wks

iduoktid kt tmi Cledle _omllc lg Iolelàos ked Blstle Yeavirsaty. Mi mks

wrattie ked pubcasmid ixtiesavicy ae tmi kriks lg pubcao ekeoi, `leitkry

iolelàos, diviclpìet iolelàos, ked plvirty kekcysas.

Dkvad Brkdy as tmi Blwie M. ked Jkeaoi Krtmur @oOly Vrlgisslr lgVlcataokc _oaieoi ked Cikdirsmap Wkcuis, Vrlgisslr lg Vlcataokc _oaieoi,

Kblut tmi Idatlrs ked Oletrabutlrs


24/304

xxaa Kblut tmi Idatlrs ked Oletrabutlrs

_omllc lg Mu`keatais ked _oaieois, _tkeglrd Yeavirsaty8 Diputy Dariotlr

ked Dkvais Gkàcy _iealr Gicclw, Mllvir Aestatutale8 _iealr Gicclw,

_tkeglrd Aestatuti glr Iolelào Vlcaoy Risikrom, ked @lrras @. Dlyci

Oietieeakc Omkar ae Vubcao Vlcaoy, _tkeglrd Yeavirsaty. Vrlgisslr Brkdys

risikrom glousis le tmi Kìraoke Olenriss, tmi pkrty systi`, ked pubcao

plcaoy. Mi kcsl mks wrattie le Aetireit vltaen, tmi wlìes `lviìet,

rinucktale lg tmi euocikr aedustry, kpplrtaleìet, tmi _upriì Olurts

mkedcaen lg kblrtale, ked Hlrike ked Jkpkeisi plcataos. Mi prisietcy mikds

k jlaet prljiot bitwiie tmi Brllhaens Aestatutale ked tmi Mllvir Aestatutale

le Vlckrazktale ae Kìraoke Vlcataos.

Vrlgisslr Brkdy binke mas tikomaen okriir kt Hkesks _tkti Yeavirsaty ae

;1>68 grl` tmiri mi `lvid tl Mlustle, Tixks, wmiri mi tkunmt kt bltm tmi

Yeavirsaty lg Mlustle ked Raoi Yeavirsaty, wmiri ae ;1=; mi wks ekìd

Kutry Dastaenuasmid Vrlgisslr lg _loakc _oaieoi. Ae ;1=7 mi `lvid tl _tke-

glrd Yeavirsaty watm k jlaet kpplaetìet ae tmi Nrkdukti _omllc lg Busaeiss

(N_B) ked Dipkrtìet lg Vlcataokc _oaieoi. ^maci kt _tkeglrd mi mks sirvidks Kssloakti Dike glr Kokdiào Kggkars ae tmi N_B ked ks Waoi Vrlvlst glr

Dastkeoi Cikreaen. Mi mks twaoi biie k Gicclw kt tmi Oietir glr Kdvkeoid

_tudy ae tmi Bimkvalrkc _oaieois ked wks iciotid tl tmi Kìraoke Kokdi`y

lg Krts ked _oaieois ae ;1=>. Vrlgisslr Brkdys tikomaen glousis le ele`kr-

hit strktiny glr olrplrktales ked itmaokc kppcaoktales ae buacdaen qukcaty

ol`pkeais. Ae kddatale tl mas N_B tikomaen mi tikomis ke uedirnrkdukti

olursi ae pubcao plcaoy. Mi mks biie kwkrdid sivirkc tikomaen kwkrds,

aeocudaen tmi pristanalus Daehicspaic ked Vma Bitk Hkppk dastaenuasmid

tikomir prazis.

Girekedl Mieraqui Okrdlsl as tmi glrìr Vrisadiet lg Brkzac (;1192662) ked as ourrietcy Vrisadiet lg tmi Aestatutl Girekedl Mieraqui Okr-

dlsl (_l Vkucl, Brkzac) ked mlelrkry Vrisadiet lg tmi Brkzacake _loakc

Di`lorkoy Vkrty (V_DB). Mi as k ì`bir lg tmi Blkrd lg Dariotlrs lg tmi

Ocub lg @kdrad (@kdrad, _pkae), ked ae tmi Yeatid _tktis, mi as k ì`bir

lg tmi Ocaetle Nclbkc Aeataktavi (Eiw Qlrh) ked k ì`bir lg tmi Blkrd lg

Dariotlrs lg tmi Aetir-Kìraoke Dakclnui, tmi ^lrcd Rislurois Aestatuti,

ked tmi Tml`ks J. ^ktsle Jr. Aestatuti glr Aetirektalekc _tudais kt Brlwe

Yeavirsaty (Vrlvadieoi, RA). Mi as kutmlr lg Tmi Kooadietkc Vrisadiet lg

Brkzac: K @i`lar,pubcasmid by Vubcao Kggkars Bllhs (2667).

Kcvae Ien as k _iealr Iolelàst kt tmi @korliolelào _urviacckeoi

Dipkrtìet, @leitkry Kutmlraty lg _aenkplri.

Idukrdl Nrkigg as k Mikd lg tmi _tkti lg _l Vkucl cakasle lgoi ae

Brksacak. Mi wks Omaig Olenrissalekc Cakasle Lgoir ked Nieirkc _ioritkry

tl tmi Vrisadiet lg Brkzac ae Girekedl Mieraqui Okrdlsls kdàeastrktale

(;1192662).

@actle K. Aylmkas k Wasataen Risikrom _omlckr ae tmi Risikrom Dipkrt-

ìet, Oietrkc Bkeh lg Eanirak, Kbujk. Mi as le cikvi lg kbsieoi grl` Anbae-

idale Yeavirsaty, Lhkdk, Eanirak, wmiri mi mlcds oleourriet Vrlgisslrsmaps

ae tmi Dipkrtìet lg Busaeiss Kdàeastrktale ked Dipkrtìet lg Iolel`-aos ked Diviclpìet _tudais. Mi nrkduktid (su``k ou` ckudi) grl` Lbir-


25/304

Kblut tmi Idatlrs ked Oletrabutlrs xxaaa

cae Olccini, Lmal, Yeatid _tktis ae ;177, ked grl` Qkci Yeavirsaty ae ;1>6

watm k Vm.D. ae iolelàos. K glrìr Risikrom Gicclw kt tmi Brllhaens

Aestatutale ae ksmaentle, DO, Dr. Aylmk mks tkunmt kt tmi _tkti Yeavirsaty

lg Eiw Qlrh kt Buggkcl, Yeatid _tktis ked tmi Yeavirsaty lg Bieae, Bieae

Oaty, Eanirak. Mi mks kcsl biie k Wasataen Risikrom _omlckr kt tmi Aetirek-

talekc @leitkry Gued ae ksmaentle, DO, ked k Wasataen Vrlgisslr lg Iol-

elàos kt tmi Yeavirsaty lg Cknls ked tmi Yeavirsaty lg Bltswkek. Vrlgisslr

Aylmks risikrom glousis le `korliolelào plcaoy, nrlwtm, trkdi, ked

aetirektalekc diviclpìet.

_kediip @kmkjkeas Cikd Iolelàst ae tmi Kgraok Rinale lg tmi ^lrcd

Bkeh. Kt tmi taì lg tmi wrataen lg tmi omkptir mi wks tmi ^lrcd Bkehs

_iealr Oluetry Iolelàst glr Bkenckdism ked cikd kutmlr lg tmi riplrt

Bkenckdism: _trktiny glr _ustkaeid Nrlwtm. Dr. @kmkjkes risikrom aetir-

ists olvir `korliolelàos, iolelào nrlwtm, vlcktacaty ked aeiqukcaty,

ked ekeoakc siotlr diviclpìet. Blre ae Eiw Dicma, Aedak, Dr. @kmkjke

rioiavid mas B. Ol` (Mles) grl` Dicma Yeavirsaty ae ;116 ked mas Vm.D. aeiolelàos grl` Nilrnitlwe Yeavirsaty ae ;117.

^kmaduddae @kmùd as Vrlgisslr lg Iolelàos kt tmi Yeavirsaty lg

Dmkhk. Mi mks micd tikomaen ked risikrom kpplaetìets kt Ok`bradni Yea-

virsaty, tmi Aestatuti lg Diviclpìet _tudais kt _ussix, tmi Aetirektalekc

Glld Vlcaoy Risikrom Aestatuti, ked tmi lrcd Bkeh, k`len ltmirs. Mi mks

okrraid lut euìrlus kssaneìets glr sivirkc aetirektalekc lrnkeazktales

ked mks cid `key ol`àttiis lg tmi Bkenckdism nlvireìet, suom ks tmlsi

pirtkaeaen tl bkeh riglr`, ektalekc aeolì ista`ktale, ked plvirty `lea-

tlraen. Mi as k gluedir ked omkar`ke lg tmi Vkcca Hkr`k _mkmkykh Gluedk-

tale (VH_G), Bkenckdisms kpix aestatutale glr guedaen tmi àorloridatprlnrk`s lg elenlvireìetkc lrnkeazktales. Mi wks @aeastir lg Gaekeoi

ked Vckeeaen ae tmi okritkhir nlvireìet lg Bkenckdism ae ;117. Mas rioiet

ked glrtmolàen bllhs aeocudi ke idatid vlcuì lg tmi Aetirektalekc Iol-

elào Kssloaktale tatcid Kdjustìet ked Biyled: Tmi Riglr` Ixpiraieoi

lg _lutm Ksak (Vkcnrkvi-@koàccke) ked keltmir idatid vlcuì, Mkedbllh

lg _lutm Ksake Iolelàis(Idwkrd Icnkr).

Biejkàe âccak` @hkpkas k siksleid dapcl`kt, jlurekcast, ked plcata-

oake. Mi wks Vrisadiet lg Tkezkeak (;1192669)8 Tkezkeaks K`bkssk-

dlr tl Eanirak (;1>7), Okekdk (;1=2=?), ked tmi Yeatid _tktis (;1=?=4)8

@keknaen Idatlr lg prlàeiet eiwspkpirs8 ked Vriss _ioritkry tl tmi

gluedaen Vrisadiet lg Tkezkeak, @wkcaù Jucaus H. Eyiriri. Mas aeasti-

rakc plrtglcals aeocudid glriane kggkars8 aeglr`ktale ked ol`ùeaoktale8

ked manmir iduoktale, soaieoi ked tiomelclny. Mi kcwkys wlrhid tl

strientmie Tkezkeake di`lorkoy, ietrieom oavac ranmts, ked nmt plvirty,

wmaci aeoriksaen tmi oluetrys ixplsuri tl aetirektalekc trkdi ked aevist-

ìet. Mi wks Ol-Omkar lg tmi ^lrcd Ol`àssale le tmi _loakc Daìe-

sale lg Nclbkcazktale (266264) ked wks k ì`bir lg tmi Ol`àssale

glr Kgraok (266469).

Mi as Omkar`ke lg tmi _lutm Oietri, Ol-Omkar lg tmi Aevistìet Oca`ktiGkoacaty glr Kgraok, ked Ol-Omkar lg tmi Kgraok Iìrnaen @krhits Glru`


26/304

xxav Kblut tmi Idatlrs ked Oletrabutlrs

(KI@G). Mi as le tmi blkrd lg trustiis lg tmi Kgraok âcdcagi Gluedktale

(K^G) ked sirvid le tmi Yeatid Ektales Ol`àssale le tmi Cinkc I`plw-

irìet lg tmi Vllr (26676=), ks wicc ks tmi Yeatid Ektales rivaiw pkeics

le YEOTKD ked YE _ysti`-wadi Olmirieoi. Vrisadiet @hkpk as k ì`-

bir lg tmi Ocub lg @kdrad, AetirKotale Olueoac, ked tmi Kgraok Glru`. Mi as

pktrle lg tmi YE ol`àttii lg tmi 266= Aetirektalekc Qikr lg Vckeit Ikrtm.

Mi as kotavi ae oleflaot rislcutale ked plcataokc rioleoacaktale ae tmi Nrikt

Ckhis Rinale lg Kgraok, aeocudaen ae Hieyk ae ikrcy 266=, ked ourrietcy ae

Ikstire Olenl (Di`lorktao Ripubcao lg Olenl). Iduoktid kt @khiriri Yea-

virsaty ae Ynkedk, ked Olcu`bak Yeavirsaty ae Eiw Qlrh, mi kcsl mks sivie

mlelrkry dlotlrkti dinriis grl` ueavirsatais ae Kgraok, Jkpke, tmi Yeatid

Haendl`, ked tmi Yeatid _tktis.

Idwkrd Rlbaesleas Ixioutavi Dariotlr lg tmi Iolelào Vlcaoy Dipkrt-

ìet, @leitkry Kutmlraty lg _aenkplri.

Jkìs Rlbaesleas Vrlgisslr lg Nlvireìet kt Mkrvkrd Yeavirsaty ked

k Gkoucty Kssloakti kt tmi îktmirmikd Oietir glr Aetirektalekc Kggkars.Vrlgisslr Rlbaesle studaid iolelàos kt tmi Cledle _omllc lg Iolelàos,

tmi Yeavirsaty lg krwaoh, ked Qkci Yeavirsaty. Mi privaluscy tkunmt ae tmi

Dipkrtìet lg Iolelàos kt tmi Yeavirsaty lg @icblurei ked tmi Yeavir-

saty lg _lutmire Okcaglreak8 biglri `lvaen tl Mkrvkrd mi wks k Vrlgisslr

ae tmi Dipkrtìets lg Iolelàos ked Vlcataokc _oaieoi kt tmi Yeavirsaty lg

Okcaglreak kt Birhiciy. Mas `kae risikrom aetirist as wmy oluetrais kri dag-

giriet: pkrtaouckrcy wmy slì kri `lri prlspirlus tmke ltmirs, ked wmy

slì kri `lri di`lorktao tmke ltmirs. Vrlgisslr Rlbaesle as k ì`bir lg

tmi Okekdake Aestatuti glr Kdvkeoid Risikroms prlnrk` le Aestatutales,

Lrnkeazktales ked Nrlwtm.Tml`ks Rusumuzwk Hankbl as Omaig Iolelàst, Ektalekc Bkeh lg

Rwkedk, ked Vrlgisslr, Dipkrtìet lg Iolelàos, Ektalekc Yeavirsaty

lg Rwkedk.

@aomkic _pieoias _iealr Gicclw, tmi Mllvir Aestatutale, ked Vmacap M.

Heanmt Vrlgisslr Iìratus lg @kekniìet, Nrkdukti _omllc lg Busaeiss,

_tkeglrd Yeavirsaty. Mi wks kwkrdid tmi Elbic @i`lrakc Vrazi ae Iol-

elào _oaieois ae 266;. @r. _pieoi wks Vmacap M. Heanmt Vrlgisslr ked

Dike lg tmi _tkeglrd Busaeiss _omllc grl` ;116 tl ;111. _aeoi ;111 mi

mks biie k pkrteir kt Lkh Macc Okpatkc Vkrteirs. Grl` ;1>9 tl ;116, mi

sirvid ks Vrlgisslr lg Iolelàos ked Busaeiss Kdàeastrktale kt Mkrvkrd

Yeavirsaty. @r. _pieoi wks kwkrdid tmi Jlme Hieeitm Nkcbrkatm Vrazi glr

ixoiccieoi ae tikomaen ae ;1>= ked tmi Jlme Bktis Ockrh @idkc ae ;1=; glr

k saneaoket oletrabutale tl iolelào tmlunmt ked helwcidni. Mi wks

kpplaetid Omkar`ke lg tmi Iolelàos Dipkrtìet kt Mkrvkrd ae ;1=? ked

sirvid ks tmi Dike lg tmi Gkoucty lg Krts ked _oaieois grl` ;1=4 tl ;116.

Kt vkralus taìs mi mks sirvid ks k i`bir lg tmi idatlrakc blkrds lg Kìr-

aoke Iolelàos Rivaiw, Bicc Jlurekc lg Iolelàos, Jlurekc lg Iolelào

Tmilry,ked Vubcao Vlcaoy. Vrlgisslr _pieoi as tmi Omkar lg tmi Ol`àssale

le Nrlwtm ked Diviclpìet.Tke Qae Qaenas k _iealr Iolelàst kt tmi Iolelào Vlcaoy Dipkrtìet,

@leitkry Kutmlraty lg _aenkplri.


27/304

Kohelwcidnìets xxv

Tmi idatlrs kri `lst nrktiguc glr tmi strlen supplrt prlvadid by tmi sple-

slrs lg tmi Ol`àssale le Nrlwtm ked Diviclpìet: tmi nlvireìets lg

Kustrkcak, tmi Eitmirckeds, _widie, ked tmi Yeatid Haendl`8 tmi âccak`

ked Gclrk Miwcitt Gluedktale8 ked tmi ^lrcd Bkeh. Dkeey Ciapzanir, glr-

ìr Waoi Vrisadiet lg tmi Vlvirty Riduotale ked Iolelào @kekniìet

Eitwlrh kt tmi ^lrcd Bkeh, wks nieirlus ae prlvadaen rislurois glr tmas

igglrt. î kri ùom lbcanid tl tmi pkrtaoapkets ae tmi wlrhsmlp le cikdir-

smap ked nrlwtm spleslrid by tmi Ol`àssale, ispioakccy tmi omkptir

kutmlrs, glr tmiar euìrlus ked davirsi aesanmts ked tmi taì tmiy dida-

oktid tl ienknaen ae dasoussales lg tmi assuis. Rlbirtl Zknmk, _ioritkry lg

tmi Ol`àssale, wks k olestket sluroi lg nlld adiks, ieolurkniìet,

ked staùcktale. Rlbirtl braens lut tmi bist ae ltmirs, wmaci hiipaen k

smkrp glous le tmi dravaen assuis kt mked. Tmi civic lg dasoussale ked tmiqukcaty lg tmi omkptirs tmkt glcclw rifliot mas ietmusaks` ked wasdl`.

K tik` lg olcciknuis ae tmi Nrlwtm Ol`àssale sioritkrakt@uraic

Dkrcaentle, Dakek @keivshkyk, ked Dlrltk Elwkhwiri didaoktid tl

`khaen iviry kspiot lg tmi Ol`àssales wlrh suooissguc. Tmiy nkvi us

wmkt gict cahi uedavadid kttietale ae lrnkeazaen tmi wlrhsmlps ked prl-

duoaen tmas bllhlei lg `key lg tmi Ol`àssales kotavatais watm

prissaen dikdcaeis ked clw tlcirkeoi glr irrlr. Tmi wmlci prloiss wks

lecy plssabci dui tl tmiar krviclus lrnkeazktale ked stikdy mkrd wlrh.

Kzaz Nhdiàr wks prkn`ktao, kool``ldktaen, ked dacaniet ae pripkr-

aen tmi `keusorapt glr pubcaoktale. Mi hipt tmi bllh le trkoh wmie wi

Kohelwcidnìets


28/304

xxva Kohelwcidnìets

looksalekccy eiidid tl smagt lur dikdcaeis. _tipmie @oNrlkrty lvirskw

tmi pubcaoktale prloiss watm nrikt shacc ked Elrk Radlc `keknid tmi

praetaen lg tmi bllh tl iesuri tmi manmist qukcaty. î lwi k spioakc dibt

lg tmkehs tl Rl`y _kcleir, wml rikd tmi pkpirs ked micpid us tmaeh

tmrlunm lur kpprlkom tl idataen tmi vlcuì, ked tl @kedy @koOkcck glr

mir ixoicciet olpyidataen lg lur aeatakc ktti`pts.

Dkvad Brkdy

@aomkic _pieoi


29/304

Kbbrivaktales xxvaa

Kbbrivaktales

KAD_ koquarid a`ùei dioaieoy syedrlì

KVR@ Kgraok Viir Rivaiw @iomkeas`

KY Kgraoke Yeale

BEV Bkenckdism Ektalekcast Vkrty

BVA Brabi Vkyirs Aedix

OKNR ol`pluedid keeukc nrlwtm rkti

OBE Oietrkc Bkeh lg Eanirak

OOV Omaeisi Ol`ùeast Vkrty

OG_ Ol`putirs glr _omllcs

OAK Oietrkc Aeticcanieoi Knieoy

OVG Oietrkc Vrlvadiet Gued

OVA Olrruptale Viroiptale Aedix

OVV Ok`bldake Vilpcis VkrtyDKO Diviclpìet Kssastkeoi Ol`àttii

DJV Di`lorktao Justaoi Vkrty

IKO Ikst Kgraoke Ol`ùeaty

IDB Iolelào Diviclpìet Blkrd

IY Iurlpike Yeale

GDA glriane dariot aevistìet

N-= Nrlup lg =

NDV nrlss dlìstao prlduot

MAO manm-aeolì oluetrais

MAVO manmcy aedibtid pllr oluetryMAW mu`ke a`ùeldioaieoy varus


30/304

xxvaaa Kbbrivaktales

AOG Aevistìet Oca`kti Gkoacaty

AOT aeglr`ktale ked ol`ùeaoktale tiomelclny

AOTR Aetirektalekc Oraàekc Trabuekc glr Rwkedk

AGA aetirektalekc ekeoakc aestatutale

ACD Aestatuti glr Cabirty ked Di`lorkoy

ACL Aetirektalekc Ckblur Lrnkeazktale

CDV Cabirkc Di`lorktao Vkrty

CAO clw-aeolì oluetrais

@@D @lviìet glr @uctapkrty Di`lorkoy

@EO ùctaektalekc olrplrktale

@ER @lvaàietl Ekoalekcastk Rivlcuoalekral

EKVIV Ektalekc Vlvirty Irkdaoktale Vrlnrk`

EBR Ektalekc Bkeh lg Rwkedk

EIID_ Ektalekc Iolelào I`plwirìet ked Diviclpìet

_trktiny

EIVKD Eiw Vkrteirsmap glr Kgraoks DiviclpìetEÔ Ektalekc ^knis Olueoac

LDK lgoakc diviclpìet kssastkeoi

VKE Vkrtadl Kooae Ekoalekc

VDO Vkrtadl Diòrktk Orastakel

VGC Vkrtadl dk Grieti Cabirkc

VJ Vkrtadl Justaoakcastk

V@DB Vkrtadl dl @lvaìetl Di`lortaol Brksaciarl

VVB Vkrtadl Vrlnrissatk Brksaciarl

VVV puromksaen plwir pkraty

VRD Vkrtadl di ck Rivlcuoae Di`lortaokVRA Vkrtadl Rivlcuoalekral Aestatuoalekc

V_ Vkrtadl _loakcastk

V_DB Vkrtadl dk _loakc Di`lorkoak Brksaciark

VT Vkrtadl dls Trkbkcmkdlris

VTB Vkrtadl Trkbkcmastk Brksaciarl

V^T Viee ^lrcd Tkbci

RIO rinalekc iolelào nrlupaen

RVG Rwkedk Vktraltao Grlet

_KV _truoturkc Kdjustìet Vrlnrk`

_IO _iouratais ked Ixomkeni Ol`àssale

_ETW saenci eletrkesgirkbci vlti

_LI stkti-lweid ietirprasi

__K sub-_kmkrke Kgraok

TA Trkespkrieoy Aetirektalekc

YOR Yeae Ovaok Rkdaokc

YEDV Yeatid Ektales Diviclpìet Vrlnrk`ì

WKT vkcui-kddid tkx

^TL ^lrcd Trkdi Lrnkeazktale

QLQ yikr le yikr

Kcc dlcckrs kri Y._. dlcckrs.


31/304

Brkdy ked _pieoi ;

OMKVTIR ;Cikdirsmap ked Vlcataos:

K Virspiotavi grl` tmi Ol`àssalele Nrlwtm ked DiviclpìetDkvad Brkdy ked @aomkic _pieoi

Tmi Rlci lg Cikdirsmap ae Nrlwtm ked Diviclpìet

Ae @ky 266=, tmi Ol`àssale le Nrlwtm ked Diviclpìet (tmi Nrlwtm

Ol`àssale) assuid ats riplrt ietatcid Tmi Nrlwtm Riplrt. Ae at tmi

Ol`àssale ktti`ptid tl dastacc wmkt mkd biie cikreid ae tmi pkst twl

diokdis, grl` ixpiraieoi ked kokdiào ked plcaoy risikrom, kblut strktinais

ked plcaoais tmkt prlduoid sustkaeid manm nrlwtm ae diviclpaen oluetrais.

At biokì ocikr ae tmi olursi lg tmi wlrh tmkt plcataos, cikdirsmap, ked

plcataokc iolel`y (tmi aetirkotale lg iolelào ked plcataokc glrois ked

omlaois) wiri oietrkccy a`plrtket aenridaiets ae tmi stlry. Dikcaen watm tmi

plcataos ked tmi aetirkotale lg plcataokc ked iolelào glrois as k wlrh ae

prlnriss ae risikromke a`plrtket lei.

Tmas krtaoci wks lranaekccy pubcasmid ae 2661 ae Lxglrd Rivaiw lg Iolelào Vlcaoy29(2): ;;4 Xdla:

;6.;61?/lxrip/nrp6;>P. 2661 Dkvad Brkdy ked @aomkic _pieoi. Vubcasmid by Lxglrd Yeavirsaty

Vriss. Glr piràssales, pciksi i-`kac: jlurekcs.piràssalesFlxglrdjlurekcs.lrn.


32/304

2 Cikdirsmap ked Vlcataos

Ae tmas omkptir wi dl elt try tl prisiet key nieirkc tmilry. Rktmir wi

mkvi traid tl accustrkti watm oksis tmkt tmiri as k pltietakccy a`plrtket plcataokc

kekclnui tl tmi slrt lg iolelào plcaoy glr`ktale ked kdkptktale tmkt supplrts

sustkaeid nrlwtm ked diviclpìet. Tmisi oksis kri gkr grl` riprisietktavi.

Tmiy olì grl` Ksake oluetrais tmkt mkvi komaivid sustkaeid manm nrlwtm

lvir ke ixtiedid pirald lg taì. Lur mlpi as tmkt by uedirstkedaen tmi ditkacs

ae tmisi oksis, tmi prloiss lg diviclpaen k lri nieirkc tmilry tmkt aetinrktis

iolelào ked plcataokc aeputs tl nrlwtm ked diviclpìet wacc bi kdvkeoid.

Lei oke tmaeh lg tmi oksis ks sunnistaen mypltmisis tmkt oke bi i`bldaid ae

k `lri nieirkc tmilry ked ucta`kticy tistid.

Ke kekcysas lg tmi ol`pleiets lg suooissguc sustkaeid iolelào nrlwtm

ked diviclpìet strktinais ked dyekàos kppikrs tl riquari aeocusale lg tmrii

ol`pleiets: (;) ke iolelào ol`pleiet dikcaen watm tmi assui lg wmaom

`ldics lg nrlwtm ked diviclpìet wlrh bist ked wmkt haeds lg plcaoais tied

tl supplrt sustkaeid nrlwtm `ldics, (2) ke aestatutalekc ol`pleiet dikcaen

watm tmi quistale lg wmaom aestatutales iemkeoi ked gkoacatkti iolelàonrlwtm ked diviclpìet ked mlw tmlsi aestatutales olì aetl ixastieoi ked

biolì strlenir, ked, ekccy, (?) k ol`pleiet tmkt dikcs watm tmi plcataos lg

nrlwtm gikturaen tmi wkys ae wmaom oluetrais dikc watm tmi assuis oriktid by

nrlwtm, suom ks aeiqukcaty. Ikom lg tmisi tmrii ol`pleiets mks ol`pcixatais

ked prlbci`s kssloaktid watm at, rkenaen grl` ìksuriìet ked okusktale

tl pkrtaouckras`. Lur helwcidni ae kcc tmrii kriks as olesadirkbci ked

a`prlvaen kcc tmi taì bksid le ixpiraieoi ked okriguc somlckrcy wlrh, but at

as stacc aeol`pciti. At sii`s ocikr tmkt kcc tmrii kri eioisskry glr tmiri tl bi k

rikslekbcy ol`pciti disoraptale lg nrlwtm ked diviclpìet.

Bksid le tmi ixpiraieoi lg nrlwtm ae k rkeni lg oluetrais (watm vkryaendinriis lg suooiss ae komaivaen ked sustkaeaen manm nrlwtm) ked le risikrom

le nrlwtm ked diviclpìet, k rlunm disoraptale lg tmi ranmt àx lg

iolelàos, aestatutales, ked plcataos supplrtaen nrlwtm ked diviclpìet as

slìtmaen cahi tmi glcclwaen:

;. Ke lpie-iolel`y nrlwtm strktiny tmkt civirknis bltm nclbkc di`ked ked

helwcidni. Ol`pitatale as kcclwid tl wlrh ked prlduois tmi struoturkc

omkeni tmkt glr`s tmi àorliolelào dyekào uedirpaeeaen lg manm

nrlwtm. ^maci tmiri as ùom `lri tl at, aeocudaen manm civics lg pubcao

ked pravkti siotlr aevistìet ked skvaens, tmisi sii` tl bi kt tmi mikrt lgsustkaeid manm-nrlwtm oksis.;

2. Aestatutales omkrkotirazid by lpieeiss, ruci lg ckw lr slì olesadirkbci

dinrii lg pridaotkbacaty, ol`pitiet burikuorkoy, ked aeoietavi struoturis

tmkt hiip plcataoakes glousid le oatazies clen-tir` wicc-biaen.

; Tmi Nrlwtm Riplrt adietais ;? oluetrais tmkt nriw kt ke kvirkni rkti lg > piroiet lr `lri glr

k pirald lg 29 yikrs lr `lri. Tmas as viry mkrd tl dl. Tmisi oksis mkvi `key adalsyeorktao

gikturis, but kcc ixmabat tmi lpie-iolel`y kpprlkom (civirknaen nclbkc helwcidni ked di`ked),

ked kcc mkvi `lbaci rislurois ked omkeni tmi struoturkc ol`plsatale lg tmi iolel`y rkpadcy,

usaen dyekào `krhit glrois lg ol`pitatale. Tmi subtcir plcaoy judnìets mkvi tl dl watmlpieaen tmi iolel`y up ae suom k wky ks tl kaetkae bkckeoi bitwiie eiw jlb oriktale ked jlb

distruotale ked tl kvlad ixoissavi vlcktacaty.


33/304

Brkdy ked _pieoi ?

?. K sit lg plcataokc aetirkotales ked struoturis wmiri tmiri as sugoaiet stkbacaty

ikrcy le glr tmi ranmt ldic tl wlrh ae tir`s lg sustkaeid aevistìet ked,

cktir le, wmiri rltktale ae plwir ked kdkptktale tl tmi iedlnielus rasi lg

a`plrtket aetirist nrlups (k nrlwaen addci ockss, glr ixk`pci) as plssabci

ked pikoiguc.

Kt key spioao plaet ae taì, k navie oluetry `ky bi kt key plaet ae tmitmrii-daìesalekc spkoi dieid rlunmcy by tmi dinrii lg diviclpìet ae

tmisi tmrii daìesales. Vrlnriss ked cahicy guturi nrlwtm wlucd bi dieid

ks biaen le k trkoh tlwkrd tmi ricivket zlei wmiri k supplrtavi iolelào

plcaoy ievarleìet ked kdkptavi plcataokc systi` kri komaivid. @kaetkaeaen

suom k trkjiotlry ked supplrt glr at oke bi tmlunmt lg ks lei lg tmi pra`kry

gueotales lg plcataokc cikdirsmap.

Biyled tmi issietakc gikturis, tmiri as olesadirkbci kcclwkbci vkrakeoi

krlued tmi omlaoi lg ke iolelào `ldic ked tmi aestatutales ked plcataos

tmkt i`brkoi nrlwtm ked diviclpìet.

Tmiri as elt, tmiriglri, ked smlucd elt bi k riol`ìedktale glr k saencipktm ae key lg tmisi tmrii daìesales. Aediid, tmi Nrlwtm Ol`àssales

wlrh ked tmi ;? manm-nrlwtm oksis smlw us tmkt tmiri as el saenci pktm lr

glrùck glr sustkaeid nrlwtm.

Tmi ;? sustkaeid manm-nrlwtm oksis ae tmi plstwkr pirald kri smlwe ae

Tkbci ;.;. Ae kddatale, tmi Nrlwtm Ol`àssale bicaivid tmkt tmi struoturkc

Tkbci ;.;. ;? _uooiss _tlrais lg _ustkaeid, Manm Nrlwtm

Iolel`y

Virald lg Manm

Nrlwtmb

Vir Okpatk Aeolìo

Kt tmi _tkrt lg tmi

Manm-Nrlwtm Virald 2669

Bltswkek

Brkzac

Omaek

Mlen Hlen, Omaekk

Aedleisak

Jkpkek

Hlrik, Ripubcao lgk

@kckysak

@kctkk

L`ke

_aenkplrik

Tkawke, Omaekk

Tmkacked

;1762669

;196=6

;17;2669

;1761>

;1771>

;196=?

;176266;

;17>1>

;17?14

;17611

;17>2662

;1792662

;1761>

2;6

176

;69

?,;66

266

?,966

;,;66

>16

;,;66

196

2,266

;,966

??6

?,=66

4,666

;,466

21,166

166

?1,766

;?,266

4,466

1,766

1,666

29,466

;7,466

2,466

_luroi:Ol`àssale le Nrlwtm ked Diviclpìet 266=8 bksid le dktk grl` ^lrcd Bkeh, ^lrcd

Diviclpìet Aedaoktlrs ked Viee ^lrcd Tkbci (mttp://pwt.iole.upiee.idu).

k. Iolelàis tmkt mkvi rikomid aedustrakcazid oluetrais pir okpatk aeolì civics.b. Virald ae wmaom NDV nrlwtm wks > piroiet pir yikr lr `lri.

o. Ae olestket Y._. dlcckrs lg 2666.


34/304


oledatales wiri ae pckoi glr Aedak ked Waitek` tl bi le trkoh tl komaivi tmas

haed lg pirglr`keoi watm k cattci lri taì, navie k cktir ked/lr sclwir stkrt.

Ae slì viry nieirkc siesi, `khaen tmi ranmt omlaois lvir tmas sit lg

ol`pleiets as wmkt cikdirs ae tmi manm-nrlwtm iolelàis mkvi dlei. Tmi

Nrlwtm Riplrtadietais ;? iolelàis tmkt mkvi komaivid sustkaeid, manm

nrlwtm, spioaid ks > piroiet lr manmir glr 29 yikrs lr `lri, duraen tmi

plstwkr pirald. Lvir taì, tmi cikdirs ae tmisi ;? oluetrais (ked tmlsi ae

ltmirs, suom ks Aedak ked Waitek`, wmaom kppikr tl bi le sustkaeid, manm-

nrlwtm pktms but kt ke ikrcair stkni) omlsi slì vkraket lg k suooissguc

nrlwtm strktiny lr kpprlkom, put tlnitmir olkcatales lg busaeiss, knraoucturi,

ckblr, ked ltmir plcataokc sinìets tmkt wiri sugoaietcy stkbci tl kcclw

tmi iolelào omlaois k omkeoi tl kttkae sustkaekbci nrlwtm. @lrilvir,

lvir taì cikdirsmap ae tmisi oluetrais `keknid tmi trkesatale grl` rurkc

tl urbke, grl` ricktavicy oclsid tl `lri lpie aestatutales ked, ae sivirkc

oksis, tmi omkeni grl` kutlorktao tl `lri di`lorktao nlvireìet. Tmus,

at sii`s ocikr tmkt cikdirsmap pckys k rlci ae nieirktaen sustkaeid nrlwtm.At mks tmi pra`kry tksh lg `khaen bksao omlaois ked buacdaen olesiesus

watmlut wmaom tmi iolelào dyekàos okeelt nit lgg tmi nrlued.

Tmiri as el lei styci lg cikdirsmap tmkt olvirs kcc tmi manm-nrlwtm

iolelàis. Elr as cikdirsmap tmi lecy aeput. Kt bist lei oke vieturi tmkt

iggiotavi cikdirsmap aevlcvis siazaen lpplrtueatais oriktid by tmi plcataokc-

iolel`y dyekàos tl aestatuti omkeni ae strktiny, struoturi, ked dariotale.

Lpplrtueaty oke bi oriktid by k orasas, lr tmi ueketaoapktid dasolviry lg

ekturkc-risluroi wikctm, glr ixk`pci, but tmiri eiids tl bi k oktkcyst tmkt

tures omkeni, kdvirsaty, ked lpplrtueaty aetl k eiw dariotale watm slì

dinrii lg olmirieoi ked smkrid uedirstkedaen lg tmi dariotale.Kctmlunm cikdirsmap sii`s ke lbvalus ol`pleiet lg nrlwtm tl slì,

tmi kokdiào catirkturi mks elt, uetac rioietcy, biie kbci tl di`lestrkti

tmi a`plrtkeoi lg tmi rlci lg cikdirs ae nrlwtm iolelàis. Rioiet wlrh le

cikdirsmap mks binue tl di`lestrkti wmkt sii`s lbvalus tl tmi busaeiss,

nlvireìet, ked aetirist nrlups wml mkvi wateissid tmi iolelào nrlwtm

lg tmi ;? oluetrais. Tmi prlbci` glr sloakc soaietasts as tmkt tmiri as `lri

tmke k cattci iedlnieiaty watm rispiot tl cikdirs ked iolelào nrlwtm. Tmus,

mlw dlis lei helw ag tmi cikdir rikccy khis k daggirieoi ae okusaen nrlwtm,

lr tl put at scanmtcy bkcdcy, tmkt nrlwtm just cllhs nlld wmie at mkppies oksis ae wmaom tmi oluetrys

cikdir suddiecy dais lr risanes, glr ixk`pci, tmus kcclwaen tmi` tl usi tmi

ekturkc ixpiraìet omkeni ae cikdirsmap glr ixlnielus riksles tl slcvi tmi

iedlnieiaty prlbci`. Tmkt as, tmi ueixpiotid diktm lg k cikdir navis us k

omkeoi tl ìksuri tmi cikdirs iggiot le nrlwtm. Lg olursi, tmi omkeni oke

bi plsatavi lr einktavi. Tmiy glued tmkt tmi omkeni lg ektalekc cikdirs as

ricktid tl iolelào nrlwtm. Tmi iggiots wiri strlenist (bltm plsatavi ked

einktavi) ae kutlorktao sittaens wmiri lei lr k giw cikdirs mkvi oietrkcazid

kutmlraty. Ae di`lorktao sittaens, tmiri wiri el saneaoket edaens. Tmas`ky bi k risuct lg tmi gkot tmkt olesiesus buacdaen as k cientmair ked `lri


35/304

Brkdy ked _pieoi 9

ol`pcix prloiss ae slì di`lorktao sittaens. Tmi clen taì ckns `khi at

dagouct tl paoh up tmi iggiots ae orlss-siotalekc rinrissales. Glr ixk`pci,

tmi riglr`s tmkt binke ae Aedak ae tmi ckti ;1=6s ked tmkt kooicirktid ae

risplesi tl k orasas ae tmi ikrcy ;116s kri lecy elw smlwaen up ae tir`s lg

k pkttire lg manm nrlwtm.

Ae kddatale, tmiy glued tmkt aedavadukc cikdirs oke pcky oruoakc rlcis ae

smkpaen tmi nrlwtm lg ektales (Jleis ked Lchie 2669: =?9). @lrilvir,

tmiy glued tmkt k cikdirs iggiot le plcaoy lutolìs as `lst saneaoket ae

`leitkry plcaoy. Tmas ckst risuct as aetiristaen elt lecy biokusi lg tmi usi

lg ekturkc ixpiraìets but kcsl biokusi tmiy ed tmkt wmie tmiri kri `lri

lr strlenir aestatutales (prlbkbcy ekeoakc ked nlvireìetkc) prisiet, tmi

iggiot lg aedavadukcs as cissieid lr mkrdir tl ìksuri. Tmas as elt surprasaen.

Lei lg tmi gueotales lg wicc-buact aestatutales as tl pllc ixpirtasi ked tl

kppcy brkhis tl pllr plcaoy omlaois, aeocudaen tmlsi lg tmi cikdirsmap nrlup.

At as, lg olursi, mkrdir tl study tmi iggiot lg cikdirs watmae aestatutales ked

tmi aestatutales subsiquiet iggiot le iolelào nrlwtm. Tmi iedlnieiatyprlbci`, ol`baeid watm tmi ìksuriìet prlbci`s, `khis tmi tksh

ixoiidaency dagouct.

Tmkt dlis elt, lg olursi, ike tmkt cikdirsmap (dieid tl bi tmi khaen

lg guedkìetkc omlaois kblut strktiny, olesiesus buacdaen, ked kdkptaen

tmi plcataokc aestatutales tl supplrt iolelào ked sloakc lbjiotavis) dlis

elt `khi k daggirieoi, lecy tmkt glr k vkraity lg riksles wi okeelt yit

koourkticy iksuri tmi iggiot lg suom cikdirsmap. Ae tmas omkptir, wi kssuì

tmkt prkotataleirs ked lbsirvirs ked k wadi rkeni lg somlckrs kri ranmt ae

bicaivaen tmkt, kt cikst kt taìs, cikdirsmap `khis k daggirieoi ae tir`s lg

kctiraen tmi trkjiotlry lg k diviclpaen iolel`y, wmaci kohelwcidnaen tmkttmi supplrt glr tmas vaiw as elt kartanmt lr ueavirskc.

Navie tmisi olestrkaets, lur kpprlkom mks biie tl sipkrkti tmi

diviclpìet prloiss aetl daggiriet piralds ked tl kekcyzi cikdirs rlcis

kt tmi vkralus stknis. Tmi lbvalus rst stkni as wmiri tmi cikdirsmap

omllsis ke iolelào `ldic lr strktiny, k nieirkc lvirkcc kpprlkom tl

diviclpìet ked nrlwtm, ked tmie buacds olkcatales, aestatutales, lr bltm,

okpkbci lg sustkaeaen k plcataos tmkt kcclws tmi pcke taì tl braen davadieds

ae tir`s lg nrlwtm. Tmi sioled stkni as ae slì siesi elt dicaàtid ae

taì biokusi at oleoires mlw cikdirs kdjust strktinais ked omlaois tl

omkenaen oarou`stkeoisiolelào ked plcataokc. Tmisi kdjustìets okebi risplesis tl smlohs lr ueketaoapktid ixtirekc iviets, but tmiy kcsl loour

ae risplesi tl tmi iedlnielus ivlcutale lg omkrkotirastaos lg tmi iolel`y

ae tmi olursi lg nrlwtm. Tmisi ckttir omkccienis oke ked dl rkeni grl`

rasaen aeolì aeiqukcaty, k rasaen àddci ockss, ol`pitatavi prissuris grl`

tmi nclbkc iolel`y, rasaen aeolìs ked wknis okusaen smagtaen ol`pkrktavi

kdvketkni, ked aestatutales elt kdkptid tl tmi ivlcvaen omkrkotirastaos ked

stkti lg diviclpìet iolel`y.

Ae kcc tmisi oksis, tmiri as tmi iciìet lg prlbci` slcvaen watmae k spioao

aestatutalekc oletixt tmkt atsicg `ky lr `ky elt bi omkenaen. Tmus, ae eleilg tmi kdjustìet pmksis lg iolelào nrlwtm wacc wi bi kbci tl spioagy


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ixkotcy wmkt omlaois cikdirs smlucd `khi lvir nrlwtm strktinais, olkcatales,

ked aestatutales. Tmkt tieds tl bi viry oletixt spioao. At wlucd bi eaoi tl

a`knaei k nieirkc tmilry lr grkìwlrh glr dlaen tmas, but navie lur ourriet

helwcidni, tmkt as lut lg rikom. Rktmir, wi ktti`pt watm ixk`pcis tl drkw

wmkt nieirkcazktales wi oke ae rinkrd tl cikdirsmap ked iolelào nrlwtm.

Gluedaen lr _magtaen tl _ustkaeid Manm Nrlwtm

Tmi nieirkc daìesales lg cikdirsmap ae nrlwaen ked diviclpaen iolelàis

kri omkrkotirazid lvir taì, rst, by k gluedaen lr oriktaen prloiss wmiri

ke iolelào `ldic as omlsie ked a`pciìetid, ked tmie by kdjustìets

tmkt iatmir iesuri nrlwtm lr priviet ltmir aetirists grl` subvirtaen nrlwtm.

Tmi gluedaen oke bi tmlunmt lg ks k pirald ae wmaom k cikdir lr cikdirs

omllsi tmi olrriot `ldicelr`kccy ixplrt-dravie nrlwtm `ldicswmaci

saùctkeiluscy buacdaen k plcataokc olesiesus tl supplrt tmi `ldic. Elti

tmkt k cikdir lr cikdirsmap nrlup oke omllsi k `ldic tmkt wacc elt wlrh(iolelàokccy), lr tmiy oke mkvi, ks @kl Tsi-tuen ked Eimru dad, ltmir

nlkcs bisadis iolelào nrlwtm. _aeoi wi kri tryaen tl adietagy cikdirsmaps

rlci ae oriktaen ked sustkaeaen diviclpìet, lur glous as le oksis wmiri

cikdirs `kdi tmi ranmt dioasale ked buact k olesiesus glr tmiar omlaoi.

î elr`kccy tmaeh lg olesiesus ks k einltaktale. But at oke ked usukccy

dlis aeocudi trust. Mastlry dlis tl slì ixtiet ticc oatazies ked aetirist

nrlups slìtmaen kblut tmi lbjiotavis lg cikdirs. Ag tmi bimkvalr navis

ivadieoi lg oleoire glr tmi prisiet ked guturi wicc-biaen lg tmi oatazies,

tmie tmkt oke oluet glr k clt. At as k glr` lg aetkenabci okpatkc tmkt khis tmi

olesiesus-buacdaen prloiss iksair. Ae nieirkc, aeocusavieiss, by aetiet kedmastlraokc ixpiraieoi, as k plwirguc uedirpaeeaen lg olesiesus buacdaen. At

navis tmi cikdirsmap ked tmi nlvireìet taì tl a`pciìet tmi strktiny ked

tl wkat glr risucts tl iìrni.

Omllsaen tmi ranmt ldic mks nieirkccy iket ricyaen le nclbkc di`ked,

aeblued helwcidni ked tiomelclny trkesgir, ked manm civics lg aevistìet

ked skvaens. Glr k guccir disoraptale lg tmi orataokc plcaoy aenridaiets ked

omlaois kssloaktid watm sustkaeid manm nrlwtm, aetiristid rikdirs smlucd

sii Tmi Nrlwtm Riplrt.

Tmi omlaoi lg k olrriot `ldic ked subsiquiet kdjustìets mkvi cid ;?

oluetrais tl sustkaeid iolelào nrlwtm, watm Aedak ked Waitek` sit tl

glcclw. Tmiri kri, tmiriglri, `key ltmir oluetrais tmkt mkvi elt komaivid

tmas pkttire lg sustkaeid manm nrlwtm. Tmi lbvalus quistale as, ^my as tmi

pkttire lg sustkaeid manm nrlwtm sl caàtid< î bicaivi tmkt kt cikst slì

lg tmi ixpckektale lg tmi clwir nrlwtm pkttires cais watm cikdirs wml mkvi

omlsie iolelào `ldics tmkt mkvi elt cid tl sustkaeid nrlwtm.2

2 Tmiri kri, lg olursi, ltmir prlbci`s. Lei as tmi plcataokc iolel`y lg sicg-aetirist ked tmigt ked

tmi ricktid olrruptale lg tmi di`lorktao prloiss. K sioled as k gkacuri le tmi iolelào sadi tl nit

pubcao-siotlr aevistìet up tl tmi civic tmkt wacc supplrt pravkti-siotlr aevistìet ked sustkaemanm nrlwtm.


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Brkdy ked _pieoi >

Vkrt lg tmi keswir `ky mkvi tl dl watm lpplrtueaty. Ae `key lg tmi

;? manm-nrlwtm oksis pcus Aedak ked Waitek` watm wmaom wi kri gkàcakr,

tmi omlaoi lg k olrriot `ldic ked tmi plcataokc `komaektales eioisskry tl

olevaeoi tmlsi wml smkri plwir watm tmi omllsir tl glcclw tmi `ldic kri

kssloaktid watm k orasas. Tmi Jkpkeisi kgtir tmi _ioled ^lrcd ^kr, tmi

Hlrikes ae ;17;, tmi Omaeisi kgtir tmi Oucturkc Rivlcutale, tmi Tkawkeisi-

Omaeisi ae ;141, ked _aenkplri kgtir sipkrktaen grl` @kckysak wiri kcc

gkoaen dari iolelào ked plcataokc oledatales. Tmi orasis nkvi cikdirs grl`

Dien ]aklpaen tl Vrisadiet Vkrh ke lpplrtueaty tl omkeni olursi watm k

riduoid civic lg risastkeoi. Ae slì oksis, tmi orasis kri sokc, ked ae slì

tmiy kri plcataokc, rkenaen grl` clsaen tmi _ioled lrcd kr tl prltists le

tmi striits, ks ae _iluc ae tmi àd-;1=6s.

Orasis ae Aedak ae ;11; ked Turhiy ae 266; wiri ekeoakc orasis ked

kri `lri rioiet ixk`pcis lg cikdirs mkvaen `lri rll` tl omllsi eiw

iolelào pckes ked plcaoais. Ae bltm Aedak ked Turhiy, tmi cikdirsmap

rispledid by `khaen `kjlr struoturkc omkenis ae tmi iolel`y, wmaomrisuctid ae guturi iolelào nrlwtm. Hi`kc Dirvas usid tmi orasis ks ke

lpplrtueaty tl nit cinascktale tmrlunm tmi Turhasm pkrcakìet, wmaom

prlbkbcy olucd elt mkvi biie pkssid uedir elr`kc oarou`stkeois.

Tmi ;1 `kjlr riglr`s tmkt wiri pkssid duraen ked a`ìdakticy kgtir

tmi orasas mkvi micpid Turhiy nrlw ats iolel`y. _aeoi tmi kvirkni pir

okpatk aeolì lg tmi ;? oluetrais kt tmi stkrt lg tmiar nrlwtm wks ciss

tmke $;,666, wadisprikd plvirty atsicg `ky mkvi biie tmi bksas glr ke

iemkeoid waccaeneiss tl oleti`pckti `kjlr omkeni. Ticiol`ùeaoktales

tiomelclny, wmaom aeoriksaency khis tmi kctirektavi uom lri vasabci

tmke at wks ae tmi pkst, `ky micp orikti k plcataokc ievarleìet `lrioleduoavi tl omkeni. Tmas kppikrs tl bi pkrtaouckrcy trui wmie prlxaàty

as kddid ked oatazies oke sii tmkt ltmir oluetrais kri dlaen bittir, ks ae tmi

oksi lg Ikst ked îst Nir`key. At as wadicy bicaivid watmae ked lutsadi

Aedak tmkt Omaeks nrlwtm, sazi, ked prlxaàty iemkeoid tmi aeoietavis glr

riglr` ked omkeni lg strktiny ae Aedak. Dien ]aklpaens uedirstkedaen lg

kctirektavi strktinais ked plssabacatais wks strlency aefluieoid by vasats tl

_aenkplri ked Eiw Qlrh ae tmi ;1>6s biglri tmi kdlptale lg k `krhit-

lraietid systi`. @lri brlkdcy, di`lestrktale iggiots sii` viry rikc ked

`lri plwirguc ks k risuct lg aeglr`ktale ked ol`ùeaoktales tiomelclny

ked tmi aeoriksaen kvkackbacaty lg aeglr`ktale, tmrlunm ticivasale, tmiAetireit, trkvic, ked ltmir omkeeics.

Tmi orasas oledatales, wmitmir ekeoakc, plcataokc, plvirty, lr, ks as `lst

lgtie tmi oksi, k ol`baektale lg tmi tmrii, mkvi loourrid `lri griquietcy

ked lvir key oluetrais wmiri wrlen omlaois wiri kdi. Tmi ivadieoi dlis

elt supplrt tmi oleocusale tmkt tmlsi orasis dravi ranmt omlaois. Rktmir, tmi

`lri `ldist mypltmisas as tmkt orasis orikti oledatales wmiri cikdirs mkvi

giwir olestrkaets le tmiar omlaoi lvir bltm iolelào plcaoy ked struoturkc

ked aestatutalekc riglr`. Looksalekccy tmi rickxaen lg plcataokc olestrkaets

risucts ae k eiw dyekào. Tmi Jkpkeisi kgtir tmi _ioled ^lrcd ^kr gkoidk `kjlr orasas, ks dad Vrisadiet Vkrh ae tmi Ripubcao lg Hlrik ae ;17;. Tmi


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= Cikdirsmap ked Vlcataos

Oucturkc Rivlcutale ae Omaek wks k daskstir glr tmi iolel`y, lg olursi,

ked, ae ikom oksi, tmi cikdirsmap omlsi iolelào `ldics tmkt ìt `lst lg

tmi oledatales spioaid kblvi.

Mlwivir, at dlis sii` cahicy tmkt tmiri as k plsatavi haed lg oletknale.

Tmi Jkpkeisi suooiss kgtir tmi _ioled ^lrcd ^kr aeduoid ltmir Ksake

oluetrais tl omllsi ixplrt-dravie nrlwtm pckes, aeocudaen, ae slì oksis,

oriktaen saàckr aestatutales. Ixk`pcis ked oksis kppikr tl mkvi plwirguc

iggiots.

Tmi eltale tmkt orasis orikti oledatales glr iolelào ked plcataokc

omkeni as elt caàtid tl tmi gluedaen pirald but kcsl kppcais tl orasis

nieirktid by tmi viry suooiss lg tmi iolelào pcke. Tie tl 26 yikrs lg

iolelào nrlwtm nieirktis waeeirs, ricktavi clsirs, ked aeoriksid aeolì

ked wikctm aeiqukcatais. Tmkt oriktis eiw prlbci`s tl rislcvi. At ky bi tmi

oksi tmkt, kgtir pir okpatk aeolì mks rasie sugoaietcy, tmiri kri lri caàts

(ixpcaoat ked a`pcaoat) ae nieirkc le dioasale `khirs biokusi tmi sloaity as

`lri ol`pcaoktid. Mlwivir, ivie tmie orasis navi cikdirs ke lpplrtueatytl omkeni struoturis ked aestatutales.

Omllsaen tmi ranmt iolelào `ldic as lecy lei pkrt lg tmi rst pmksi lg

sustkaeaen iolelào nrlwtm. Buacdaen supplrt glr tmisi iolelào omlaois

riquaris, ks k saei quk ele, ielunm plcataokc stkbacaty glr tmi iolelào pcke

tl wlrh. Ae tmilry, k puricy kutlorktao, lei-pirsle, kbslcuti ruci ae slì

siesi prlvadis tmi nriktist plcataokc stkbacatylecy lei pirsle tl olesuct,

olevaeoi, dioadi. El oluetry mks suom k systi`, but tmiri as ivadieoi grl`

Jleis ked Lchie (2669) tmkt iolelào nrlwtm as kssloaktid watm kutlorkoy

ae k subsit lg kutlorktao systi`s. Mlwivir, tmiri kri guccy gueotalekc

di`lorkoais k`len tmi manm-nrlwtm oksis. Virmkps `lri a`plrtket, tmirikri `key oktkstrlpmaokccy pllrcy pirglràen kutlorkoais, ked tmiri kri k

eu`bir lg gkacaen di`lorktao struoturis ks wicc.?Jleis ked Lchie (2669)

gurtmir smlw tmkt tmi iggiots lg cikdirs (plsatavi ked einktavi) kri viry

strlen ae kutlorktao sittaens, but uom ciss sl ae tmi prisieoi lg di`lorktao

aestatutales. Tmiar study wks elt oleeid tl tmi ;? nrlwtm iolelàis, but

at as pckusabci tmkt plcataokc stkbacaty ked tmi kbsieoi lg iggiotavi dassiet kcclw

tmi taì eioisskry glr iolelào omlaois tl bikr gruat. Tmi adik as tmkt ae ke

kutlorktao oluetry, k cikdir lr k s`kcc nrlup lg cikdirs mkvi nriktir cktatudi

watm rispiot tl iolelào plcaoy omlaois ae tmi ikrcy stknis wmie tmiri as

el trkoh riolrd tl ricy le. Tmiy oke omllsi ke ixplrt strktiny, ke a`plrtsubstatutale plcaoy, ke aslcktaleast plcaoy (ks ae tmi Di`lorktao Vilpcis

Ripubcao lg Hlrik lr @yke`kr), ked sl le. Navie tmkt tmas kutmlraty dlis

elt nukrketii tmi ranmt omlaoi, at suricy skys tmiy wacc mkvi `lri iggiot le

nrlwtm aedipiediet lg tmiar dioasale. Tmkt as, k bkd omlaoi cikds tl sclw lr

el nrlwtm, wmaci k nlld omlaoi cikds tl nrlwtm. Ke ueixpiotid omkeni ae

cikdirsmap as `lri cahicy tl omkeni nrlwtm.

? Rioiet risikrom ae plcataokc iolel`y ked diviclp iet as smiddaen eiw canmt le tmi iedlnielus

iolelào ked plcataokc glrois tmkt navi rasi tl bltm supiralr ked aegiralr iolelào pirglr`keoi.Koi`lncu ked Rlbaesle (2667) as pkrtaouckrcy nlld.


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Brkdy ked _pieoi 1

Ixk`pcis grl` Nrlwtm Ol`àssale Oluetrais

Tmiri kri vkralus wkys tl buacd plcataokc stkbacaty, grl` àcatkry tkhilvir, tl

buacdaen lei-pkrty stktis, tl olesiet lvir iolelào plcaoais bitwiie tmi

cikdaen plcataokc pkrtais. @key lg tmi nrlwtm iolelàis le lur cast glrìd lr

traid tl glr` lei-pkrty lr dlàeket-pkrty struoturisOmaek8 Mlen Hlen,

Omaek (wmiri tmi Bratasm sirvid ks k saenci pkrty ked ks tmi ruci khir)8 Jkpke8

Hlrik8 _aenkplri8 ked Tkawke, Omaek. Tmi adik lg k lei-pkrty stkti ae Jkpke

(tmi rst manm-nrlwtm iolel`y kclen watm Brkzac) iket ol`baeaen tmi Cabirkc

ked Di`lorktao Vkrtais ae ;199 wmie tmi _loakcast lr Cigt Vkrtais tmriktieid

tl wae kjlraty stktus ae pkrcakìet. Tmi ol`baektale lg tmisi pkrtais prlvadid

stkbacaty glr tmi Jkpkeisi iolelào `ldic tl wlrh. Ol`baeaen tmi twl

olesirvktavi pkrtais aetl k saenci plwir tmkt oletaeuluscy wle riiciotale

ietkacid spioao iciotlrkc rucis, `kckpplrtaleìet, kooiptaen eiw gkotale

cikdirs ked eiw gkotales, ked glràen ked riglràen eiw aetirist nrlups. Tmi

Hwlàendlen ae Tkawke, Omaek, kaetkaeid k saàckr gikturi ae tmiar iciotlrkcsysti`, ks dad tmi Hlrikes (Nrlgg`ke it kc. ;111, ispioakccy pp. ?=?=9).

Tmi hiy aenridaiets ae tmi dlàeket pkrty systi`s wiri ùctaì`bir

dastraots watm k saenci, eletrkesgirkbci vlti. Tmkt mkd tmi iggiot lg iemkeoaen

tmi sikts ae pkrcakìet lg ektalekc pkrtais. Tmi _aenkplrike iciotlrkc systi`

kcsl gkoacatktid saenci-pkrty ruci. _ugoi at tl sky tmkt, ae lur vaiw, kcaneaen

stkbci plcataokc `kjlratais iemkeois tmi taì kvkackbci tl nlvireìets

tl kcclw tmiar pcke tl wlrh ked `khis at mkrdir glr smlrt-tir` plcataokc

`lviìets tl smagt plcaoy. î ixpckae cktir tmi caeh bitwiie tmi vltaen

struoturis ked tmi stkyaen plwir lg tmi dlàeket pkrty.

Key iolelào pcke wacc mkvi smlrt-tir` waeeirs ked clsirs. Ag plcataoakesmkvi ke aeoietavi tl kppikc tl tmlsi aetirists ae lrdir tl wae plwir, tmiy

wacc dl sl. Ae tmi saenci-pkrty systi`, tmi krrkeniìets `khi at mkrdir glr

plcataoakes tl lrnkeazi smlrt-tir` clsirs aetl `kjlratais. Lvir taì, ks tmi

nrlwtm iolelàis wikctm as aeoriksid ked wadicy smkrid, tmi `kjlraty

pkrty wacc bi kbci tl sustkae `kjlratais `lri iksacy. Tmi `lst a`plrtket

taì glr plcataokc stkbacaty as ae tmi ikrcy yikrs lg k `ldics a`pciìetktale.

Ag kgtir tmrii tl vi yikrs tmi pcke as elt wlrhaen, tmi plcataokc stkbacaty

`ky pirsast, ks ae Aedak uedir tmi Olenriss Vkrty, but ucta`kticy tmi ckoh lg

iolelào nrlwtm ked diviclpìet wacc okusi strktiny ked plcaoy smagts ked

slìtaìs rinaì omkeni.

Ycta`kticy, k dlàeket saenci-pkrty systi` omkenis tmi aeoietavis, ae

tmkt k`batalus plcataoakes tied tl oleoietrkti ae tmi dlàeket pkrty, saeoi

sikts taid tl plwir kri `lri vkcukbci tmke sikts ae tmi àelraty pkrty. Ae

suooissguc oksis, saeoi tmi dlàeket pkrty gkvlrs k nrlwtm-lraietid strktiny,

`lri k`batalus plcataoakes sii tmiar ucta`kti suooiss taid tl wmitmir lr elt

tmi iolel`y nrlws8 tmus, tmiy supplrt tmi pcke. Ae ùctapkrty systi`s,

ks ae Cktae Kìraok, `key `lri k`batalus plcataoakes dl elt mkvi ke

aeoietavi tl supplrt tmi pcke, saeoi tmiar gkti as elt taid tl at. Ae tmi

smlrt rue, nieirktaen nrlwtm drk`ktaokccy smagts tmi stktus qul. Ae `keyoksis, k `kjlraty lr eikr `kjlraty kri kshid tl `khi skoraois (watm tmi


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;6 Cikdirsmap ked Vlcataos

bieits `lri dastket ae taì), ked tmiy kri, ricktavicy spikhaen, wlrsi lgg.

Vlcataoakes kppikc tl tmi kjlraty lr eikr kjlraty by orataoazaen tmi pcke.

Tmas soiekral daggirs by oluetry. Ae tmi Tkawkeisi oksi, tmi cinascktavi

Quke `kjlraty wks ricktavicy pir`keiet. Ae Jkpke, by oletrkst, tmi Cabirkc

Di`lorktao Vkrty wks oclsi tl clsaen ats `kjlraty stktus tl tmi Vrlnrissavi

pkrtais. Eivirtmiciss, buacdaen k saenci dlàeket pkrty nits tmi aeoietavis

glr plcataoakes `lri ae caei watm tmi iolelào pcke (omlaoi `ldic) tmke as

tmi oksi glr ùctapkrty systi`s.

Tmiri kri vkralus wkys tl disane ke iciotlrkc systi` ae wmaom, watm

rlunmcy lei-tmard tl 46 piroiet iciotlrkc supplrt, k pkrty oke oletrlc tmi

cinascktavi bldy ked tmi nlvireìet. Tmi `lst lbvalus wky as tl orikti

dastraots ueiqukc ae sazi ked tl lvir-riprisiet dlàeket pkrty vltirs. Duraen

tmi trkesatale grl` ke knraoucturkc tl ke aedustrakc iolel`y, rurkc aetirists

kri usukccy subsadazid ked lvirriprisietid kt tmi ixpiesi lg urbke dastraots.

Tmi manmcy subsadazid gkrìrs ae Jkpke, Hlrik, ked Tkawke, Omaek, kri prllg

lg tmi ìrats lg tmi strktiny, kt cikst grl` tmi dlàeket-pkrty pirspiotavi.Tmisi daggirieois kri lgtie quati ixtriì, watm slì rurkc dastraots mkvaen

;6 taìs lr `lri tmi vltaen strientm lg urbke risadiets. Tmisi rurkc-urbke

daggirieois pirsast ivie kt prisiet kgtir iciotlrkc riglr`s ae Jkpke, Hlrik,

ked Tkawke, Omaek. Ae tmi prisiet Hlrike Ektalekc Kssi`bcy, tmi vi

ckrnist Hlrike oatais mkvi kblut 96 piroiet lg tmi plpucktale, but lecy

kblut ?9 piroiet lg tmi sikts. Tmi eaei prlvaeois watm 96 piroiet lg tmi

plpucktale nit 79 piroiet lg tmi sikts. Ae Jkpke, duraen tmi ikrcy pirald lg

nrlwtm, tmi dinrii lg `kckpplrtaleìet wks 2 tl ;, rurkc tl urbke, ked ae

tmi cktir pirald lg diviclpìet tmi rktal wks stacc ;.7 tl ; (Mktk ;116).

Keltmir wky tl `kaetkae saenci-pkrty dlàekeoi as tl struoturi tmiiciotlrkc systi` tl tmi kdvketkni lg tmi dlàeket pkrty. Tmi lst ol``le

lg tmisi iomkeas`s ae Ksak mks biie tl ol`baei tmi saenci eletrkesgirkbci

vlti (_ETW) watm ùctaì`bir dastraots (sikt `kneatudi). Ae tmas systi`

tmi vltir mks lei ked lecy lei vlti ae k dastraot tmkt iciots grl` twl tl

vi ì`birs tl tmi nlvireìet, wmaom oriktis ollrdaektale prlbci`s glr

plcataokc pkrtais ol`pitaen ektalewadi. Ae k sirais lg krtaocis Olx ked Ealu

(;114) ked Olx (;117) smlwid tmkt ae bltm Jkpke ked Tkawke, Omaek,

tmi systi` bieits tmi nlvireaen pkrty ae tmkt twl nlvireaen pkrtais (tmi

CDV lg Jkp

Leadership and Growth

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