Leadership and Leadership and CommunicationCommunicationLeadership and Leadership and CommunicationCommunication

Chapter 7Chapter 7HPR 323HPR 323

What is Communication?

• Communication is a process of exchange that is directed toward conveying meaning and achieving understanding between individuals that leads to changes in behavior of the receiver or receivers.

Two types of Communication

• Interpersonal communication is the process of transferring information and influencing the behavior of people on a one-to-one basis.

• Organizational communication is the way by which an agency transmits information to its staff and participants concerning its goals.

What is transactional communication?

• Involves more than telling or talking at another individual.

• Implies that communication is two-way interaction rather than one-way and, therefore, affects the sender as well as the receiver.

• Suggests that people are both sending and receiving messages.

Types of Communication

• Verbal• Nonverbal• Written• Electronic-

Technological• Visual Symbols

Functions of Communication

• Persuasion and Influence

• Information• Social and

Expressive Relations

• Conflict Resolution

Figure 7.1

Process of

Communication

Perception Model

Figure 7.2

Perceptual Selectivity• Intensity• Size• Contrast• Repetition• Motion• Novelty and

Familiarity

Physical and Personal Factors influencing perceptions

• Environment• Personal Goals• Values• Past Experiences• Personal Evaluation

of Hearsay• Social relationships

Figure 7.4

Active Listening• Implies active

participation on the part of the listener rather than merely passive absorption of comments made by others.

How to develop Active Listening Skills

• Learn to listen to yourself.• Learn to listen accurately and

completely• Learn to read body language• Learn to listen courteously.• Learn to give and gather feedback• Learn to accept different viewpoints

Technical Barriers to effective communication

• Communication overload• Cultural Differences• Knowledge of what you

say• Meanings associated

with words, jargon and professional nomenclature

• Semantic Language• Short-circuiting• Timing

Perception Barriers• Filtering• Perception Sets• We hear what we

want to hear• Trust and

Openness